Several methods of leakage and plugging
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1. Basement project 1. Causes of water seepage in side walls and floor slabs: (1) The quality of concrete construction is poor and there are microporous penetrations ； (2) The waterproof coating is not firmly bonded or damaged. Leak plugging measures: (1) Clean the seepage area and use cement-based waterproof coating to block the seepage. (2) After cleaning the seepage parts, use water-emulsion neoprene asphalt waterproof coating and other fiber-reinforced materials to block the seepage. 2. Reasons for severe water leakage in large areas in the basement: (1) The concrete mix ratio and construction quality are poor, and there are holes that can be filled through. ； (2) Cracks appear in the basement due to various reasons ； (3) The construction quality of the waterproof coating is poor or the waterproof coating has insufficient extensibility, causing the waterproof layer to crack. Leak plugging measures: In addition to grouting inside and behind the wall, waterproof concrete wall lining, cement mortar, mesh-hung cement mortar plastering, etc., waterproof coatings can also be used to first drain water and then fill the seams and holes to prevent leakage. 3. Causes of leakage at deformation joints, construction joints and joints between old and new structures: (1) Concrete quality is poor, shrinks too much, and cracks appear ； (2) The detailed waterproofing treatment methods in these parts are not appropriate, such as improper placement of waterstops, insufficient concrete pouring, and insufficient filling of caulking paste, etc. ； (3) The sealing material and waterproof coating have insufficient elongation and are pulled apart or separated from the bonding surface. Leak plugging measures: (1) Embedding, pasting or injecting flexible or elastic waterproof materials into the leaking area ； (2) Use elastic waterproof coating (such as polyurethane waterproof coating, etc.) and fiber materials on the surface to make a reinforced waterproof layer. 4. Causes of water leakage from wall pipes and embedded pipes: (1) The pipe or casing is not installed tightly, and cracks and gaps appear around it ； (2) The details are not handled properly, the sealing material between the outer wall of the pipe and the wall of the reserved hole in the concrete is not tightly filled, the outer waterproof coating reinforcement layer is poorly bonded, etc. ； (3) The sealing material and waterproof coating are pulled apart or separated from the bonding surface due to insufficient elongation. Leak plugging measures: (1) Clean the inlay sealing material or grouting in the space outside the pipe and tightly block it ； (2) Use elastic waterproof paint and fiber materials to strengthen the waterproof layer at the root where the pipe connects to the basement wall.
2. Floors, toilets, bathrooms, and kitchens 1. Reasons for water seepage on boards and walls: (1) The construction quality of concrete and mortar is poor and there are micropore penetration ； (2) Slight cracks appear on board surfaces and partition walls: (3) The construction quality of the waterproof coating is poor or damaged. Leak plugging measures: (1) Remove the facing materials, expose the water seepage parts, and apply waterproof coating. In addition to polyurethane waterproof coatings, fiber materials are usually required for repair. (2) If there is cracking, the cracks should be treated with enhanced waterproofing ； seaming method: For tiny hairline cracks, you can apply waterproof paint and add fiber materials or cloth strips for waterproofing treatment ； Caulking: If there are obvious cracks, it is necessary to expand the cracks into a V-shaped groove of about 15 × 15 mm. After cleaning, scrape and fill with waterproof coating or caulking material. ； Caulking and patching seams: In addition to the caulking method, waterproof coating is applied to the seam surface and fiber material is pasted on it. You can also apply transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating directly on the surface without removing the veneer. 2. Reasons for water leakage at the joints of prefabricated floor slabs: (1) The fine stone concrete and cement mortar at the joints between floor slabs are not tightly filled ； (2) Floor displacement and vibration may cause cracks in the joints ； (3) The elastic caulking material between boards is pulled apart or separated from the bonding surface. Leak plugging measures: (1) Remove the facing materials to expose the cracks, and use the above-mentioned method of sealing and sealing the water seepage on the board and wall to deal with the cracks. ； (2) You can also apply transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating directly on the surface without removing the facing material. 3. Causes of leakage around sanitary ware and through floor pipes, drainage pipe openings, etc.: (1) The details are not handled properly, and the sanitary ware and pipe openings are not tightly packed. ； (2) Cracks appear due to vibration, shrinkage of mortar and concrete, etc. ； (3) The sanitary ware and pipe openings are not treated with elastomer materials, or the caulking material and waterproof coating are not firmly bonded during construction. ； (4) The caulking material and waterproof coating are torn or pulled away from the bonding surface. Leak plugging measures: (1) Thoroughly clean the leaking area and fill it with elastic caulking material ； (2) Apply waterproof coating to the leaking area and paste fiber materials for reinforcement.
3. Roofing Project 1. Causes of roof panel leakage: (1) Prefabricated or cast-in-situ reinforced concrete panels are of poor quality and have micropore penetration. ； (2) Roof panel cracking ； (3) The waterproof coating is poorly bonded, blistered, and damaged ； (4) The extensibility of the waterproof coating is not good enough, and it will be pulled apart as the board surface cracks, or the waterproof coating will age and crack. Leak plugging measures: (1) Partially clean the surface of the damaged old waterproof layer and completely remove all debris and dust. Apply the same waterproof coating as the old waterproof layer, or apply the same type of waterproof coating with good adhesion to the old waterproof layer, and add fiber cloth to reinforce it. (2) Completely eradicate the old waterproof layer to expose the roof structural layer or leveling layer, seal the cracks according to the jointing method of the board and wall water seepage plugging measures, or fill the joints plus jointing method, and apply waterproof paint and paste fiber paper cloth within a certain range of area for reinforcement. 2. Causes of leakage at joints between prefabricated roof panels: (1) The tiles of the reinforced concrete lightweight roof are poorly installed and overlapped improperly ； Fine stone concrete and mortar are not tightly filled between the gaps between hollow slabs and large roof panels. ； (2) Roof panels shift and cracks occur due to various reasons ； (3) The waterproof coating and caulking materials are not extensible enough and are torn or pulled off. ； (4) The construction quality of the waterproof coating and caulking materials is poor. The waterproof coating appears blistered, separated, and damaged, and the caulking materials are not firmly bonded and fall off. ； (5) The waterproof coating and caulking materials age and crack. Leak plugging measures: (1) The tiles of lightweight roofs can be reinstalled and reinforced correctly ； The leaking overlapping parts should be filled with caulking material, and the exterior should be brushed with waterproofing materials and fiber cloth to serve as a reinforced waterproof layer. (2) For water leakage at the joints of large hollow-core slab roofs, the following methods can be used to deal with it: 1) Remove the waterproof coating and insulation layer of the area, dig out the old caulking material and clean it thoroughly ； For parts that were not filled with caulking material, a 20×20mm V-shaped joint must be dug along the crack. ； 2) After removing the dust, scrape and fill the elastic caulking material ； 3) Apply waterproof paint and stick fiber cloth strips along the caulking surface to make one cloth and two coating reinforcement layers.
4. Reasons for water leakage in parapet and gable walls: (1) The waterproof coating is not tightly closed on the wall, and water flows back into the coating. ； (2) The waterproof coating was torn at the corners due to insufficient extensibility. ； The caulking material at the seams is pulled apart or separated from the bonding surface ； (3) The waterproof coating and caulking materials age and crack. Leak plugging measures: (1) Remove the waterproof coating and insulation layer, and dig out the old caulking materials ； If the joint is not filled with caulking material, dig a 20×20mm V-shaped joint along the crack. ； (2) Remove dust and fill with elastic caulking material ； Use waterproof paint and fiber cloth strips on the surface to make one cloth and two coating reinforcement layers ； (3) Do a good job of closing the deal.
5. Reasons for water leakage in deformation joints: (1) The cement cover or galvanized iron sheet covering the seam is poorly installed or moved ； (2) Unfilled caulking material in the seam or cracking of the caulking material ； (3) The waterproof coating and caulking material at the root of the retaining wall falls off or is torn apart ； (4) The waterproof coating and caulking materials in this area are aging and cracking. Leak plugging measures: (1) Open the cover, fill the gaps with elastic caulking material and install the cover correctly ； (2) Eradicate the old waterproof coating and insulation layer at the root of the retaining wall, and remove the old caulking material ； (3) After cleaning, scrape and fill the caulking material, and make one cloth and two reinforcement layers on the surface. ； 6. Causes of water leakage in gutters, downpipes, and pipes exiting the roof: (1) Cracks in the fine stone concrete and mortar at the joints between the gutter and the roof panel, the mouth of the downspout, the joints between the pipes passing through the roof and the roof, and the joints between the prefabricated gutter edges. ； (2) The waterproof coating and caulking materials are poorly constructed, resulting in water leakage due to blistering, delamination, and shedding. ； (3) Due to various reasons such as vibration, the waterproof coating and caulking materials are not extensible enough and are torn or pulled off. ； (4) The waterproof coating and caulking materials are aging and cracking. Leak plugging measures: (1) Eradicate the old waterproof coating and insulation layer, and dig out the old caulking material ； (2) After cleaning, scrape and fill the caulking material, and make one cloth and two reinforcement layers on the surface. ； Note: In specific construction, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions and select waterproof coatings according to different situations to achieve the best leakage plugging effect and economic efficiency.