Selection of materials for Earth Dragon Bone
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What kind of wood is suitable for using as material for Di Long Gu, and why? Thank you! :handshake
Building keel The keel is a building material used to support shapes and secure structures. Widely used in hotels and airports. Passenger stations, train stations, theaters, shopping malls, factories, office buildings, renovation of old buildings, interior decoration, ceilings, and other such locations. The keel serves as the framework and base material for decoration, and is widely used. Types of keels There are many types of keels; depending on the material used in their construction, they can be classified as wooden keels, lightweight steel keels, aluminum alloy keels, steel keels, etc. Based on the area of use, they can be further divided into ceiling joists, vertical wall joists, floor joists, and hanging joists. Depending on the decoration construction methods, there are also load-bearing and non-load-bearing joists (i.e., joists that can support weight and those that cannot). Depending on their model, specifications, and purpose, there are T-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped keels, etc. Wooden keels A material commonly used in decoration; there are various types of them, and they serve to support the exterior decorative panels by acting as supports. Keel cart A wooden water pump that uses wooden planks connected by tenons or straps to lift water, and it is usually operated by human or animal power. Light steel keels have been a very popular decorative material over the past few years. They can be used for ceiling construction and partition walls, and they offer good fire resistance. With light steel keels, it is possible to create various beautiful designs.
Methods of installing keels
Requirements for materials and accessories
1. Light steel frames come in two types: U-shaped and T-shaped frames. They are also classified based on load capacity, into those designed for use with people walking on them and those not designed for such use. 2. The main components of the light steel framework are large, medium, and small ribs ； The accessories include hanging pieces, connectors, and mounting pieces. 3. Parts and accessories: include hangers, set screws, staples, and self-tapping screws. 4. Various cover panels, aluminum sealing strips, or plastic sealing strips can be used as specified in the design requirements; the type, specifications, and quality of these materials must meet the design demands. 5. Binder: It should be selected according to the properties of the main material, and a bonding test should be conducted before use. Main tools: electric saws, toothless saws, nail guns, hand saws, hand planes, pliers, screwdrivers, crowbars, square rulers, steel tapes, steel levels, etc. Operating conditions: 1. During structural construction, φ6–φ10 reinforced concrete suspension rods should be embedded at intervals specified by the requirements of the suspended ceiling system, in the joints of cast-in-place or precast concrete floor slabs. If no specific requirements are given by the system, the rods should be installed according to the layout of the main structural beams, with an interval of generally 900–1200 mm. 2. When the walls and columns in the room where the suspended ceiling will be installed are made of brick, anti-corrosion brick blocks should be embedded along the walls and columns at the desired ceiling height. The spacing between these blocks along the walls should be 900–1200 mm, and at least two such brick blocks should be embedded on each side of a column. 3. After installing all the pipelines and ventilation ducts inside the ceiling, determine the locations for the lights, ventilation openings, and various exposed openings. 4. All kinds of materials are fully available in complete sets. 5. Wall and floor wet-work projects must be completed before installing the ceiling cover panels. 6. Set up the scaffolding for the ceiling construction work platform. 7. Before carrying out large-scale installation of lightweight steel framework ceilings, a sample unit should be constructed. The camber of the ceiling, the design of light troughs and ventilation openings, as well as the methods for dividing the ceiling into sections and securing them, must all be tested and approved prior to proceeding with large-scale installation. Operation Procedures 1. Process flow: Marking lines → Installing the main keel hangers → Installing the main keels → Installing the secondary keels → Installing the minor keels → Installing the cotton insulation panels → Installing the sealing strips → Applying rust-proof paint 2. Marking lines: Using the floor elevation line as a reference, measure vertically up to the designed ceiling elevation; mark the ceiling elevation along the walls and around the columns, and then draw lines on the walls to indicate the positions for dividing the ceiling area. 3. Install the main keel hangers: After marking the level line for the ceiling and the positions of the keels, determine the elevation of the lower end of the hangers. Then, according to the positions of the main keels and the spacing between them, connect and fix the end of the hanger that lacks bolts or threads to the rebar embedded in the floor slab. 4. Install the main keel ①. Fit the hanger nuts. ②The hanging fixtures are pre-installed on the main keel. ③. Install the main keel: Position the main keel with the assembled hanging fixtures such that the fixtures pass through the corresponding rod nuts at the designated positions, and then tighten the nuts. ④. Connection of the main keel: Install the connectors, and use tension ropes to adjust the elevation, arch, and straightness. ⑤Install additional keels at the openings, and use connection clips in accordance with the construction specifications provided in the diagram sheet. ⑥The edge keel is fixed using rivets; when there are no specific requirements in the design, the spacing between rivets is 1000 mm. 5. Installing the center keel ①. Place the center keel hanging fixtures along the marked lines on the centered keel. ②. Hanging the center keel: According to the spacing specified in the design, the center keel is hung on the main keel using hanging fixtures; when no specific requirements are given in the design, the typical spacing is 500~600 mm. ③. When the length of the central keel needs to be extended by connecting multiple sections, use central keel connectors to link them together while hanging the central keel, thereby straightening and securing it. 6. Installing the backbone strips: ①. Follow the marked lines determined by the drawn backbone strip lines to position and fix the hanging accessories for the backbone strips. ②Hanging the minor ribs: According to the spacing specified in the design, the minor ribs are hung on the main rib using hanging fixtures; when there are no specific requirements in the design, the typical spacing is between 500 and 600 mm. ③. When multiple pieces of the small strut are needed to extend its length, use small strut connectors; while hanging the struts, connect their opposite ends together, straighten them first and then secure them. ④. When a light steel frame is constructed using T-shaped keels, strip keels should be installed—one retainer strip keel at a time—each time a panel is fitted. 7. Install the cover panels: Below the installed and approved lightweight framework, mark out the positions for each panel according to its specifications and the desired gap between them. Start by installing one row of cover panels from the center of the ceiling along the direction of the main rafters as a reference, then continue installing panels in rows on both sides. The spacing between the self-tapping screws used to fix the cover panels should be 200–300 mm. 8. Apply anti-rust paint: The top panels of the light steel frame structure, as well as those surfaces at the welds that have not been treated to prevent rusting (such as embedded components, hanging fixtures, connectors, and fastening accessories), should be coated with anti-rust paint before delivery. This process should be carried out before the enclosure panel. Quality standards: Comply with Articles 6.2.7 to 6.3.11 of GB-50210-2001. Protection of finished products: 1. When installing the light steel framework and cover panels, care must be taken to protect various pipelines inside the ceiling. The hangers and ribs of the light steel framework shall not be fixed to ventilation ducts or other equipment components. 2. The light steel framework, cover panels, and other ceiling materials must be properly managed during storage and use to ensure that they do not deform, become damp, or rust. 3. The doors and windows already installed in the ceiling area where construction is taking place, as well as the finished floors, walls, window sills, etc., should be protected to prevent damage. 4. The installed light steel framework must not be stepped on by people, and hanging fixtures from other types of work must not be hung on the light steel framework. 5. To protect the finished product, the installation of the cover panels must be carried out inside the shed, after all procedures such as pipeline installation, water testing, and insulation have been completed and approved. Quality issues that need attention: 1. Uneven ceiling: This is caused by inadequate adjustment of the suspension rods during the installation of the main rafters, resulting in inconsistent elevations at various suspension rod locations. During construction, it is necessary to check the tightness of each lifting point, and by connecting wires, verify whether the elevation and levelness meet the requirements of the design and construction specifications. 2. The local joint design of the light steel frame is unreasonable: at locations such as openings, lamp fixtures, and ventilation openings, ribs and connectors should be installed in accordance with the specified joint designs in the drawings, so that the structure meets the requirements outlined in the drawing manuals and the design specifications. 3. Inadequate securing of the light steel framework: The light steel framework of the ceiling should be suspended from the main structure, and the nuts of the suspension rods should be tightened to maintain the designed fixing elevation ； Pipelines and equipment inside the ceiling must not be secured to the light steel framework. 4. The gaps between the panels of the cover panel are not straight: Pay attention to the specifications of the panels during construction, use tension ropes to align them, and ensure that they are level and straight when installing and fixing them. 5. The sealing strips and edge pressing strips are not tight or straight: During construction, tension lines should be used to align them properly before fixing and bonding them in place.
Methods of installing keels
Requirements for materials and accessories
1. Light steel frames come in two types: U-shaped and T-shaped frames. They are also classified based on load capacity, into those designed for use with people walking on them and those not designed for such use. 2. The main components of the light steel framework are large, medium, and small ribs ； The accessories include hanging pieces, connectors, and mounting pieces. 3. Parts and accessories: include hangers, set screws, staples, and self-tapping screws. 4. Various cover panels, aluminum sealing strips, or plastic sealing strips can be used as specified in the design requirements; the type, specifications, and quality of these materials must meet the design demands. 5. Binder: It should be selected according to the properties of the main material, and a bonding test should be conducted before use. Main tools: electric saws, toothless saws, nail guns, hand saws, hand planes, pliers, screwdrivers, crowbars, square rulers, steel tapes, steel levels, etc. Operating conditions: 1. During structural construction, φ6–φ10 reinforced concrete suspension rods should be embedded at intervals specified by the requirements of the suspended ceiling system, in the joints of cast-in-place or precast concrete floor slabs. If no specific requirements are given by the system, the rods should be installed according to the layout of the main structural beams, with an interval of generally 900–1200 mm. 2. When the walls and columns in the room where the suspended ceiling will be installed are made of brick, anti-corrosion brick blocks should be embedded along the walls and columns at the desired ceiling height. The spacing between these blocks along the walls should be 900–1200 mm, and at least two such brick blocks should be embedded on each side of a column. 3. After installing all the pipelines and ventilation ducts inside the ceiling, determine the locations for the lights, ventilation openings, and various exposed openings. 4. All kinds of materials are fully available in complete sets. 5. Wall and floor wet-work projects must be completed before installing the ceiling cover panels. 6. Set up the scaffolding for the ceiling construction work platform. 7. Before carrying out large-scale installation of lightweight steel framework ceilings, a sample unit should be constructed. The camber of the ceiling, the design of light troughs and ventilation openings, as well as the methods for dividing the ceiling into sections and securing them, must all be tested and approved prior to proceeding with large-scale installation. Operation Procedures 1. Process flow: Marking lines → Installing the main keel hangers → Installing the main keels → Installing the secondary keels → Installing the minor keels → Installing the cotton insulation panels → Installing the sealing strips → Applying rust-proof paint 2. Marking lines: Using the floor elevation line as a reference, measure vertically up to the designed ceiling elevation; mark the ceiling elevation along the walls and around the columns, and then draw lines on the walls to indicate the positions for dividing the ceiling area. 3. Install the main keel hangers: After marking the level line for the ceiling and the positions of the keels, determine the elevation of the lower end of the hangers. Then, according to the positions of the main keels and the spacing between them, connect and fix the end of the hanger that lacks bolts or threads to the rebar embedded in the floor slab. 4. Install the main keel ①. Fit the hanger nuts. ②The hanging fixtures are pre-installed on the main keel. ③. Install the main keel: Position the main keel with the assembled hanging fixtures such that the fixtures pass through the corresponding rod nuts at the designated positions, and then tighten the nuts. ④. Connection of the main keel: Install the connectors, and use tension ropes to adjust the elevation, arch, and straightness. ⑤Install additional keels at the openings, and use connection clips in accordance with the construction specifications provided in the diagram sheet. ⑥The edge keel is fixed using rivets; when there are no specific requirements in the design, the spacing between rivets is 1000 mm. 5. Installing the center keel ①. Place the center keel hanging fixtures along the marked lines on the centered keel. ②. Hanging the center keel: According to the spacing specified in the design, the center keel is hung on the main keel using hanging fixtures; when no specific requirements are given in the design, the typical spacing is 500~600 mm. ③. When the length of the central keel needs to be extended by connecting multiple sections, use central keel connectors to link them together while hanging the central keel, thereby straightening and securing it. 6. Installing the backbone strips: ①. Follow the marked lines determined by the drawn backbone strip lines to position and fix the hanging accessories for the backbone strips. ②Hanging the minor ribs: According to the spacing specified in the design, the minor ribs are hung on the main rib using hanging fixtures; when there are no specific requirements in the design, the typical spacing is between 500 and 600 mm. ③. When multiple pieces of the small strut are needed to extend its length, use small strut connectors; while hanging the struts, connect their opposite ends together, straighten them first and then secure them. ④. When a light steel frame is constructed using T-shaped keels, strip keels should be installed—one retainer strip keel at a time—each time a panel is fitted. 7. Install the cover panels: Below the installed and approved lightweight framework, mark out the positions for each panel according to its specifications and the desired gap between them. Start by installing one row of cover panels from the center of the ceiling along the direction of the main rafters as a reference, then continue installing panels in rows on both sides. The spacing between the self-tapping screws used to fix the cover panels should be 200–300 mm. 8. Apply anti-rust paint: The top panels of the light steel frame structure, as well as those surfaces at the welds that have not been treated to prevent rusting (such as embedded components, hanging fixtures, connectors, and fastening accessories), should be coated with anti-rust paint before delivery. This process should be carried out before the enclosure panel. Quality standards: Comply with Articles 6.2.7 to 6.3.11 of GB-50210-2001. Protection of finished products: 1. When installing the light steel framework and cover panels, care must be taken to protect various pipelines inside the ceiling. The hangers and ribs of the light steel framework shall not be fixed to ventilation ducts or other equipment components. 2. The light steel framework, cover panels, and other ceiling materials must be properly managed during storage and use to ensure that they do not deform, become damp, or rust. 3. The doors and windows already installed in the ceiling area where construction is taking place, as well as the finished floors, walls, window sills, etc., should be protected to prevent damage. 4. The installed light steel framework must not be stepped on by people, and hanging fixtures from other types of work must not be hung on the light steel framework. 5. To protect the finished product, the installation of the cover panels must be carried out inside the shed, after all procedures such as pipeline installation, water testing, and insulation have been completed and approved. Quality issues that need attention: 1. Uneven ceiling: This is caused by inadequate adjustment of the suspension rods during the installation of the main rafters, resulting in inconsistent elevations at various suspension rod locations. During construction, it is necessary to check the tightness of each lifting point, and by connecting wires, verify whether the elevation and levelness meet the requirements of the design and construction specifications. 2. The local joint design of the light steel frame is unreasonable: at locations such as openings, lamp fixtures, and ventilation openings, ribs and connectors should be installed in accordance with the specified joint designs in the drawings, so that the structure meets the requirements outlined in the drawing manuals and the design specifications. 3. Inadequate securing of the light steel framework: The light steel framework of the ceiling should be suspended from the main structure, and the nuts of the suspension rods should be tightened to maintain the designed fixing elevation ； Pipelines and equipment inside the ceiling must not be secured to the light steel framework. 4. The gaps between the panels of the cover panel are not straight: Pay attention to the specifications of the panels during construction, use tension ropes to align them, and ensure that they are level and straight when installing and fixing them. 5. The sealing strips and edge pressing strips are not tight or straight: During construction, tension lines should be used to align them properly before fixing and bonding them in place.
Using larch would be good, right? :handshake