May I ask how much yuan per ton standard coal and standard oil cost? Are there any corresponding price regulations?

Standard fuel is a simulated, comprehensive unit of calculation used to determine the total energy volume. In energy use, its thermal energy is primarily utilized; therefore, heat is *customarily used as the common unit of conversion for energy. Due to the varying quality of various fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, as well as their different calorific values, it is necessary to convert them all into standard fuel in order to facilitate the calculation, comparison, and analysis of these different energy sources. Standard fuels can be divided into standard coal, standard oil, standard gas, etc. Internationally, standard coal and standard oil indicators are commonly used. Countries around the world establish their own energy standards based on their specific energy consumption patterns. Some economically developed countries rely mainly on oil. Use standard oil ； In Western Europe, electricity is the primary energy source, and standard electricity values are used; in our country, coal is the main energy source, and standard coal is used as the basis for calculation, that is, various energy sources are converted into equivalent amounts of standard coal based on their calorific value. Coal with a calorific value of 7,000 kcal per kilogram is used as standard coal. The combustion value of petroleum is 44.1*10^6 J/KG; therefore, petroleum has a calorific value about 6.3 times that of coal

That doesn’t seem right; standard coal has 7,000 kilocalories, while heavy oil has 10,000 kilocalories.

Standard oil has 10,000 kcal, while standard coal has 7,000 kcal; 1 unit of standard oil is equivalent to 1.42867 units of standard coal. These values can be found readily, but what about price estimates? Are there any corresponding calculation standards? For example, is it true that 1 ton of standard oil is worth 2,000 yuan? Is such a price rate valid?

Standard coal is just a concept; it actually does not exist, so there is no such thing as a price for it. Standard coal, also known as standard fuel, is a comprehensive indicator used to calculate the total amount of energy and to convert various forms of energy into a common unit. Since different energy sources contain varying amounts of heat, a unified standard is required for calculation and comparison. In our country, the calorific value of 1 kilogram of standard coal is defined as 7000 Cal; this value can be used to convert the calorific values of other energy sources into those of standard coal. For example, oil has a calorific value of 10,000 Cal per kilogram, while natural gas has a calorific value of 9,312 Cal per cubic meter; accordingly, their equivalents in terms of standard coal are 1.429 and 1.33 respectively. 　　There are many types of energy, each with a different amount of heat. To facilitate comparison among them and to enable overall analysis, China has designated coal with 7,000 calories (29,306 joules) per kilogram as standard coal, also known as benchmark coal. Furthermore, our country often converts various forms of energy into tons of standard coal for representation; for example, the energy in 1 ton of straw is equivalent to 0.5 tons of standard coal, while the energy in 1 cubic meter of biogas is equivalent to 0.7 kilograms of standard coal. 　　Standard coal, also known as coal equivalent, has a unified calorific value standard. Our country specifies that the calorific value of each kilogram of standard coal is 7,000 kcal. Energy of different varieties and contents is converted into standard coal with a calorific value of 7,000 kcal per kilogram, based on their respective calorific values. 　　The coefficient for converting energy to standard coal = the actual calorific value of a certain type of energy (kcal/kg) / 7000 (kcal/kg). Before converting various types of energy into standard coal, it is first necessary to determine their actual average calorific values, and only then can they be converted into standard coal. The average calorific value, also known as the average heat release, refers to the weighted average of the actually measured heat release values of different types or varieties of energy sources. The calculation formula is as follows: Average calorific value (kcal/kg) = Total energy amount (tons) ÷ Coefficient for converting various forms of energy into standard coal. Coefficients for converting different quantities of energy into standard coal: Raw coal – 0.714 per kilogram; Cleaned coal – 0.9000 per kilogram; Medium-cleaned coal – 0.2857 per kilogram; Coal slurry – 0.2857–0.4286 per kilogram; Coke – 0.9714 per kilogram; Crude oil – 1.4286 per kilogram; Gasoline – 1.4714 per kilogram; Kerosene – 1.4714 per kilogram; Diesel – 1.4571 per kilogram; Fuel oil – 1.4286 per kilogram; Liquefied petroleum gas – 1.7143 per kilogram; Dry gas from refineries – 1.5714 per cubic meter; Natural gas from oil fields – 1.3300 per cubic meter; Natural gas from gas fields – 1.2143 per cubic meter; Natural gas from coal mines – 0.5000–0.5174 per cubic meter; Coke oven gas – 0.5714–0.6143 per cubic meter; Other types of gas: (1) Producer gas – 0.1786 per cubic meter; (2) Gas from heavy oil catalytic cracking – 0.6571 per cubic meter; (3) Gas from heavy oil thermal cracking – 1.2143 per cubic meter; (4) Gas produced from coke – 0.5571 per cubic meter; (5) Gas from pressure vaporization – 0.5143 per cubic meter; (6) Water gas – 0.3571 per cubic meter. Electricity: Equivalent kilowatt-hours (used for calculating final consumption) – 0.4040; Electricity (equivalent) kilowatt-hours (used for calculating thermal power generation) – 0.1229; Thermal energy (equivalent) in million joules – 0.03412. (0.14286 kilograms of standard coal per 1000 kcal). 1. Thermal energy: The calculation method involves determining the enthalpy per kilogram based on the temperature and pressure of the steam and hot water at the boiler outlet, using a hysteresis diagram or table. This value is then subtracted from the enthalpy of the feedwater (or return water), and the result is multiplied by the actual amount of steam or hot water produced by the boiler (as indicated by the flow meter). If some enterprises do not have flow meters for steam or hot water, nor entropy charts, the following methods can be used for estimation: (1) The amount of water lost due to pollution control measures and other factors related to the boiler during the reporting period can be used as an estimate of the output of steam or hot water. 　　(2) When hot water is supplied in a closed-loop system, the heat content per kilogram is calculated at 20 kcal; when supplied in an open-loop system, it is calculated at 70 kcal (both values assume an outlet temperature of 90°C and a return water temperature of 20°C). 　　(3) For saturated steam, the heat energy is 620 kilocalories at a pressure of 1–2.5 kilograms per square centimeter and a temperature of over 127°C; it is 630 kilocalories at a pressure of 3–7 kilograms per square centimeter and a temperature of 135°C–165°C. At a pressure of 8 kilograms per square centimeter and a temperature of over 170°C, 640 kilocalories are calculated per kilogram of steam. 　　(4) Superheated steam, with a pressure of 150 kilograms per square centimeter; the heat content per kilogram is 650 kcal at temperatures below 200°C, 680 kcal at 220°C–260°C, 700 kcal at 280°C–320°C, and also 700 kcal at 350°C–500°C. Convert to joules at 4.1868 joules. 　　2. Conversion between the thermal unit “kilocalorie” and the standard coal unit “ton”. In the energy conversion factors, the units for “steam” and “hot water” are kilocalories; however, in the “Basic Information Table” (under energy consumption), the unit for “steam” is steam tons, while for other forms of energy consumption (expressed in terms of standard coal), the unit for “hot water” is tons. Therefore, further conversion is necessary to meet the requirements of the “Basic Information Table”. The conversion is based on the standard rate of 7,000 kilocalories per ton, which corresponds to 1 kilogram of standard coal.

3. Calorific value of electricity. There are generally two methods for calculating it: one is based on the theoretical calorific value, and the other is based on the coal consumption required for power generation. Each method has its own uses. The theoretical calorific value is calculated based on the thermal work equivalent of each unit of electricity, which is 860 calories, or 0.1229 kilograms of standard coal. Based on the coal consumption in thermal power generation, this figure varies from year to year. For ease of comparison, **the Statistics Bureau’s standard of 0.404 kilograms of standard coal per 10,000 kWh is used as the coefficient for converting electricity amounts into standard coal amounts going forward. This post was last edited by qlasd on 2009-3-30 23:16.]

So how is the energy-saving benefit calculated?