Test your basic knowledge of equipment

Is there a reward for correct answers? Please check whether my answers are correct: lol 1. Answer: In chemical production facilities, raw materials, intermediate products, and finished products are generally flammable, explosive, toxic, or corrosive substances. If these substances spread around the site, it can easily lead to injuries such as burns, poisoning, as well as fires and explosions. Therefore, promptly addressing leaks and other such issues during production is an effective way to prevent accidents. It is also an important measure for reducing waste, cutting costs, and improving economic efficiency. 2. There are many methods for classifying pressure vessels, and they can be classified in different ways depending on the approach used. 1.1 Classification of pressure vessels by manufacturing method: they can be classified as single-layer, forged and welded, multi-layer wrapped, wound with tape, wound with plates, heat-fitted, seamless vessels, etc. 1.2 Classification of pressure vessels by material: there are steel vessels, non-ferrous metal vessels, and non-metallic vessels. 1.3 Classification of pressure vessels by wall thickness: They can be divided into thin-walled vessels and thick-walled vessels. Containers with a ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter of 1.2 or less are considered thin-walled containers ； Those greater than 1.2 are thick-walled containers. 1.4 Classification of pressure vessels is based on the design pressure P: Low-pressure vessels: 0.1 ≦ P < 1.6 MPa; Medium-pressure vessels: 1.6 ≦ P

What regulations must be followed for hot work analysis? Answer 1: Scope of application. This standard specifies the definition of hot work, the classification of hot work, the management of hot work permits, hot work analysis and acceptance criteria, as well as safety and fire prevention requirements for hot work. This standard applies to hot work in flammable and explosive areas within the group. This standard does not apply to fixed-fire operations in production areas. 2 Definition of hot work: Construction tasks that involve the use of welding and cutting tools such as gas welding, electric welding, and blowtorches, to generate direct or indirect open flames on facilities for the production of gas and oxygen, delivery pipelines, storage tanks, containers, as well as packaging materials and containers for hazardous chemicals, and on equipment located in areas prone to fire and explosion. 3 Classification of hot work: Hot work is divided into three categories: Class 1 hot work, Class 2 hot work, and Class 3 hot work. 3.1 Class 1 hot work 3.1.1 Hot work carried out on industrial and domestic gas production facilities (storage tanks, containers, etc.), on gas transmission pipelines with a DN of ≥200 mm, as well as within a horizontal distance of 1 meter from such pipelines. 3.1.2 Hot work on oxygen delivery pipelines with DN≥80mm. 3.1.3 Hot work in Class A flammable and explosive areas (see Table 1). 3.2 Class II hot work 3.2.1 Industrial and domestic gas production facilities (storage tanks, containers, etc.), DN

11. Answer: (1) Before performing any work involving fire near pipelines or equipment carrying flammable and explosive gases, it is necessary to cut off the gas supply, install blind flanges, and conduct a replacement analysis to ensure compliance with the relevant standards. The criteria for such replacement are as follows: For flammable and explosive gases, the lower explosive limit must be >4% (by volume); the concentration of these gases

25. In on-site first aid, the patient should be immediately removed from the toxic environment and given fresh air to breathe or oxygen. For those with stopped breathing and heartbeat, artificial respiration and chest compressions should be performed immediately. Artificial respiration is usually carried out using the mouth-to-mouth method: the patient is laid down in a well-ventilated area with their mouth open, the rescuer closes the patient’s nostrils with one hand and then blows air into the patient’s mouth until the patient’s chest rises; the breathing rate should be 16–18 times per minute. (Incidentally, in clinical practice, aside from using this artificial respiration method for chemical asphyxia or respiratory arrest caused by CO2, CO, and HCN poisoning, we generally do not use this method for mechanical asphyxia resulting from edema in the respiratory tract triggered by toxic gases such as NH3, SO2, CL2, HCl, COCl2, and NO2; especially the chest compression breathing method.) Instead, the treatment principles are oxygen therapy, reducing respiratory edema, strengthening the heart, inducing diuresis, and administering stimulants to the respiratory center). If the injured person’s heart has stopped beating, chest compressions should be performed simultaneously. That is, the operator places their palm on the middle to lower part of the victim’s sternum and applies steady pressure downward, causing the sternum to sink by about 4 cm, at a rate of 60–80 times per minute. For comatose patients, acupoints such as Renzhong, Shaoshang, Shixuan, and Yongquan can be needled; if possible, central nervous system stimulants such as nicotinamide and energy mixtures (cytochrome C, ATP, coenzyme A, Vc) can be injected on-site before the patient is rushed to a medical facility for emergency treatment. 26. 1. In cases of oral poisoning, sodium bicarbonate solution or soapy water can be given to induce vomiting, several times over, to thoroughly wash the stomach, and 60 ml of 0.5% magnesium sulfate can be administered as a laxative. 　　2. In cases of inhalation poisoning, the affected person should be quickly removed from the scene and taken to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, to ensure that the respiratory tract remains unobstructed. Oxygen therapy and stimulants may be administered if necessary. 　　3. Symptomatic first aid. For those in a coma or shock, they should be laid flat with their head slightly lowered and turned to one side; foreign objects in the mouth must be removed promptly to prevent them from entering the respiratory tract and causing suffocation. To protect the eyes from light, patients can be fitted with colored glasses or eye patches, or their eyes can be covered with gauze. 27. Those who have inhaled it should leave the area immediately and go to a place with fresh air. Maintain respiratory function. Rest in bed. Monitor changes in blood gas analysis and chest X-rays promptly. Provide symptomatic and supportive treatment. To prevent and treat pulmonary edema, laryngospasm, edema, or asphyxia caused by the detachment of the bronchial mucosa, appropriate oxygen therapy should be employed; maintaining airway patency involves the use of bronchodilators. Glucocorticoids should be used early, in appropriate doses, for a short period of time – for example, dexamethasone can be administered at a dose of 10–60 mg/day, in divided doses, with the dose being reduced once the condition improves. High-dose use is generally not allowed for more than 3–5 days. Be sure to perform a tracheotomy in a timely manner and limit fluid intake in the short term. Use antibiotics rationally. Dehydrating agents and **should be used with caution. The dose of the cardiac stimulant should be reduced. Those who have ingested it accidentally should be given milk to drink; gastric lavage should be avoided in cases of corrosive symptoms. Provide symptomatic treatment: immediately rinse the eye with flowing clean water or cool boiled water for at least 10 minutes after contamination. In case of skin contamination, remove the contaminated clothing immediately and rinse with running water for at least 30 minutes. 28. A safety inspection involves a thorough examination of the design, installation conditions, actual operation, and maintenance of a project or system in order to identify any existing hazards. 　　The purpose of safety inspections is: (1) to keep operators alert to process hazards ； 　　(2) Review the operating procedures that require revision ； 　　(3 Identify any potential hazards that may arise from changes in those equipment and processes ； 　　(4) Basis for the establishment of safety systems and controls evaluation ； 　　(5) Review the application of new technologies to existing hazards ； 　　(6) Check whether the maintenance and safety inspections are sufficient. 　　Safety inspection methods are commonly used for the safety review of pre-commissioning of processes. This post was last edited by wbp on 2009-4-6 11:07.]