Knowledge related to gas protection

I want some too, as a backup

Gas protection refers to the protection against toxic and harmful gases. Air protection equipment mainly includes: air respirators, oxygen respirators, long-tube respirators, gas masks, gas cartridges, and heavy protective clothing. Of course, the oxygen filling pumps and air filling pumps for inflation cylinders also fall under this category. Chemical safety goggles, anti-static work clothes, rubber gloves, etc. fall under the category of personal protective equipment. Typical chemical plants have gas protection stations staffed with gas protection officers who are responsible for maintaining protective equipment, providing training on gas prevention, and offering first aid assistance. Air protection knowledge 1. Rules for using air respirators: (1) Check before use to ensure that all components are in good condition and undamaged ； (2) Before use, check the pressure of the air tank; it must be at least 15 MPa and there should be no leaks. When the pressure drops to 5 MPa, evacuate the area immediately and replace the air tank ； (3) It is prohibited to remove the mask in the toxic area and talk to others. 2. Requirements for using an air respirator: (1) Lift the respirator so that it is vertical, with the cylinder valve facing downward; (2) First, pass the shoulder strap with the pressure gauge over the left shoulder, then put the respirator on back; (3) Adjust the shoulder straps ； (4) Fasten the strap, then fasten the chest strap that connects to the shoulder straps ； (5) Loosen the straps of the mask, first pull the mask down over the chin, from bottom to top ； (6) Adjust the head strap behind the mask to the correct position ； (7) Tighten the headband below ； (8) Press the clip opening with your hand, breathe, and check whether the mask is airtight; the mask should fit tightly against the face ； (9) Open the gas cylinder valve fully, then turn it back quarter turn; the alarm whistle should emit a brief sound ； (10) Check the pressure gauge on the other side as well to verify the cylinder pressure ； (11) Insert the demand valve into the mask clip at the location closest to where a respirator must be used ； (12) Check again whether the mask is airtight; hold your breath and make sure no air leakage is heard ； (13) Press the four buttons of the clip with both hands simultaneously to remove the demand valve; at this point, the air supply is automatically interrupted ； (14) Close the gas cylinder valve ； (15) Remove the mask and back frame ； (16) Respirator for the operator: be careful not to hit the gas cylinder valve ； (17) Press the bypass button to release pressure in the system ； At this time, the alarm whistle will emit a sound for a short duration. 3. How to report a poisoning incident? How to provide first aid? 1. Call 120 (0991-6910120 from a mobile phone), and provide information on the number of people poisoned, the substance that caused the poisoning, the details of the poisoning incident, the location where it occurred, and arrange for someone to go to the scene. 2. A. Remove from the scene and eliminate contamination. B. In case of inhalation of toxic gases, move the poisoned person to a place with fresh, circulating air, turn their head to the side, and loosen the collar and belt. C. In cases of skin poisoning or chemical burns, the contaminated clothing should be removed promptly, and the dirt should be washed off with water or removed using cloth, paper, cotton, etc. If poison D gets into the eyes, rinse them with water. E. Oral poisoning. Methods such as induced vomiting, gastric lavage, and laxation are employed. When F is in life-threatening danger, immediate first aid should be provided on the spot. Continue with artificial respiration and chest compressions during transfer. 4. Steps for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a single person. Single-person resuscitation refers to one person skillfully performing a series of CPR procedures. The specific process is as follows: (1) First, determine whether the person who has fainted is unconscious ； (2) If there is no response, call for help immediately and shout, “Someone help!” Help! ” ； (3) Immediately place the patient in a supine position on the ground or a hard surface ； (4) Open the airway (tilt head back or lift jaw) ； (5) Remove foreign objects from the patient’s mouth ； (6) Check whether the patient is breathing (by looking, listening, and feeling) ； If there is no breathing, immediately give two mouth-to-mouth breaths ； (7) Keep the head tilted back, and use the other hand to check for a pulse in the carotid artery ； (8) If a pulse is present, indicating that the heart has not stopped, only artificial respiration should be performed, at 10–12 times per minute ； (9) If there is no pulse, perform chest compressions immediately in the correct position ； (10) For every 15 compressions, 2 breaths must be given, and this process is repeated until rescuers arrive or medical professionals arrive ； (11) Check the pulse, breathing, and pupils once one minute after starting, and then every 4–5 minutes; the check should take no more than 5 seconds, and it is best for the person assisting with the rescue to carry out these checks ； (12) If the patient is transported by ambulance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be continued without interruption for more than 5 seconds. 5. Two-person CPR: The two-person rescue method refers to the simultaneous performance of CPR by two people, with one person performing chest compressions and the other performing artificial respiration. This method is generally carried out by professionals. (1) The two persons must work together in coordination; blowing air must be done during the relaxation period between chest compressions ； (2) The pressing frequency is 80–100 times per minute ； (3) The compression-to-inspiration ratio is 5:1, that is, one artificial respiration is performed after 5 chest compressions ； (4) In addition to ensuring an unobstructed airway for ventilation, those performing artificial respiration should also pay attention to checking the carotid artery and observing changes in the pupils. 6. Precautions for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Blowing air should not be done while performing chest compressions downward. The pressure should be even, avoiding uneven speeds. The person performing artificial respiration and the person performing chest compressions can exchange positions and roles, but the interruption time must not exceed 5 seconds. Upon arriving at the scene for emergency treatment, one should first check the carotid artery pulse, and then proceed with artificial respiration. If chest compressions are effective, a pulse should be detectable; if not, it is necessary to verify whether the technique of performing chest compressions is correct, and if needed, increase the depth of the compressions and adjust their positioning. It can be operated in rotation by a third rescuer and additional rescue personnel to maintain high energy levels. Chest compressions should not be applied with excessive force to prevent rib fractures that could lead to hemothorax or pneumothorax. 7. Respiratory resuscitation: Respiratory resuscitation is a rescue method applied to patients who have a heartbeat but no breathing. First, remove any foreign objects, mucus, vomit, etc. from the patient’s mouth to keep the airway clear. The rescuer uses one hand to lift the patient’s head back by holding it at the jaw, while using the other hand to cover the patient’s nostrils to prevent air from escaping. Then, take a deep breath and blow forcefully into the patient’s mouth; after blowing, allow the patient’s chest and lungs to retract on their own. Maintain a rate of 16–20 times per minute, with the effective indicators being that the chest cavity can expand and alveolar breath sounds can be heard. 8. How to report a fire and how to use fire extinguishers: The fire emergency number is 119. When reporting a fire, it is necessary to clearly state the exact location of the fire, the area affected, the intensity of the fire, the material that is on fire, the floor where the fire occurred, and whether there are any casualties. After making the call, someone should be sent to key intersections to guide the fire trucks to the scene. Use of fire extinguishers: Upon detecting a fire, carry the fire extinguisher to the location where the fire is burning. Determine the direction of the wind, stand on the upwind side at a distance of 2-3 meters from the source of the fire. Remove the safety pin from the extinguisher, hold the nozzle with one hand and press the handle with the other hand. Aim the dry powder emitted by the extinguisher at the base of the fire and spray it from near to far in order to put out the fire.

That’s about all there is to know about air defense! ! Who else has it? Let’s gather more information to get a complete set!

There isn’t much knowledge about gas protection, but it’s very difficult to do it well, especially in the event of an accident. Air protection measures are not needed in normal situations, and it is also difficult to conduct drills for them, such as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, as the conditions required for such drills are hard to fulfill; therefore, in real emergencies, these measures are generally not used.

Air defense materials are very useful; those who have them should take the trouble to upload them! :handshake

Provisions for the Use and Management of Gas Masks GW/SYLH 03.102-2006 Article 1: The management of filter-type gas masks shall comply with the standards GB2890—82 \"Filter-Type Gas Masks\" and GB6220—86 \"Long-Tube Gas Masks\". Article 2: Precautions for use. 1 The volume concentration of oxygen in the air should be no less than 18% ； 2 The ambient temperature is –30 to +45℃ ； 3 It generally cannot be used in working environments of enclosed containers such as tanks and vats ； Article 3: Precautions for storage. To prevent the absorbent material inside the canister from becoming damp and losing its effectiveness, it is necessary to tighten the vent hole (cover) at the bottom of the canister after use, in order to prevent moisture from entering ； 2 Spare gas masks and canisters should be stored in a dry, clean, well-ventilated room, to prevent moisture and overheating ； When the mask is dirty, the gas filter can be removed and disinfected using soapy water or a 0.5g solution of potassium permanganate; no solvents should be used for cleaning to avoid damaging the rubber components ； 4 The spare gas masks on site should be stored in a dedicated cabinet, which must be sealed with lead, and regular maintenance should be carried out ； The 5 gas filters should be checked every two months. The carbon monoxide filter needs to be replaced after being used for 2 hours continuously, and it should be weighed once a month; if its weight exceeds 20 grams, it should stop being used ； Article 4: The using unit must maintain a ledger for the distribution of gas masks, as well as ledgers for the replacement and disposal of chemicals. Article 5: The models of gas filtration canisters and the substances they are designed to protect are listed in the (attached table). Article 6: The mask body, when dirty, must be cleaned and disinfected, then allowed to dry naturally; it should not be exposed to sunlight or heat to prevent aging. It should be stored in a well-ventilated, cool place, protected from moisture, oil stains, acids, alkalis, insects, and rodents. If any damage is detected, it must be repaired or replaced promptly, and such masks should not be stored together with intact and functional masks. Article 7: Air respirator – An air respirator refers to a self-contained breathing apparatus equipped with a high-pressure air tank as the air source. Article 8: Before use, it is necessary to check that the full-face mask fits tightly against the face with good airtightness. Article 9: The user shall constantly monitor the reading on the pressure gauge during use; when the pressure drops to 4–6 MPa, they should leave the area immediately. Article 10: When removing the quick-connect plug, do not pull it out while there is pressure. Instead, set the supply valve switch to the on position to release the remaining gas in the respirator, and then remove the quick-connect plug. Article 11 of GW/SYLH 03.102-2006: Gas cylinders must be refilled after use to ensure they can be used in emergency situations. Article 12: Air respirators and their components should be kept away from direct sunlight to prevent rubber aging, and contamination with grease is strictly prohibited. Article 13: Respirators come into direct contact with the human respiratory organs and the face; therefore, they should be placed in clean areas and kept clean to avoid harming human health. Article 14: It shall be stored in a room with a temperature of +5 to +30°C and a relative humidity of 40 to 80%; the respirator must be kept at a distance of at least 1.5 meters from heating equipment, and the air must not contain any corrosive acidic or alkaline gases. Article 15: Rubber parts that are not used for an extended period of time should be coated with a layer of talcum powder; they should be washed clean with water before use to extend their service life. Appendix: Filter canister models and the substances they protect against — Model 1, Model 3, Model 4, Model 5, Model 7, Model 8. Color: Green, Brown, Gray, White, Yellow, Blue. Gas masks: Comprehensive protection, Organic gases, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon monoxide, Acidic gases, Hydrogen sulfide. Substances protected against (examples): Hydrocyanic acid, Hydrogen chloride, Arsenic hydride, Phosgene, Benzene, Diphosgene, Chloropicrin, Bromomethane, Lewisite, Dichloromethane, Mustard gas. Organic gases and vapors, Benzene, Chlorine compounds, Alcohols, Anilines, Carbon disulfide, Carbon tetrachloride, Trichloromethane, Bromomethane, Chloromethane, Nitroalkanes, Chloropicrin. Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Chlorine, Hydrogen sulfide, Nitrogen oxides, Phosgene, Phosphorus and chlorinated organic pesticides. Hydrogen sulfide. Additional note: These regulations are prepared and interpreted by the Safety and Technology Department.