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Lubricants are refined oils primarily used to reduce friction between moving surfaces. Thickeners are additives that can increase the viscosity or thickness of lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or greases. Viscosity index improvers are additives that, when added to oils, can improve visco-temperature properties and raise the viscosity index. Dew point depressants are additives that can lower the dew point or freezing point of oils. Cleaning additives are surfactant-based additives that help keep solid pollutant particles suspended in oil. Dispersing additive: An additive that can disperse low-temperature sludge in oil. Ash-free additives: Additives that contain no metallic components. Metal passivators are additives that inhibit metals and their compounds from acting as catalysts in the oxidation of petroleum products. Extreme pressure additives are substances that can react with the metal surfaces in contact with them to form high-melting-point inorganic films, thereby preventing welding, seizure, scratches, or abrasions under high loads. Anti-wear additives: Additives that prevent or reduce wear on metal surfaces in contact with oil. Oil-based additives: Additives that increase the strength of the oil film, reduce the friction coefficient, and enhance anti-wear performance. Antioxidant additives: Additives that are incorporated into oil products to inhibit their oxidation. Antifoam additives: Additives added to oils to prevent or reduce foaming in those oils. An emulsifier is a surfactant that enables oils to be emulsified and kept stable. Corrosion inhibitors are additives added to prevent or delay the corrosion of metals. A corrosion inhibitor is a substance that is injected to protect equipment used in the production, storage, and transportation of oils, to reduce corrosion without contaminating the oil itself. Thermal stability is the ability of petroleum products to resist the effects of heat and maintain their properties without permanent changes. Oxidation stability: The ability of petroleum products to resist the effects of the atmosphere or oxygen and maintain their properties without permanent changes. Shear stability is the ability of petroleum products to resist shear forces and maintain their viscosity as well as viscosity-related properties unchanged. This post was last edited by pqj527 on 2009-4-1 14:34]