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Main properties and uses of common lubricants. Name code, kinematic viscosity in cSt, freezing point in °C (not higher than), flash point in °C (open cup) (not lower than), main uses: at 40°C, 50°C, 100°C. Machine oils (GB443–84): N5, 4.14–5.06; –––; 101, 110. N5 and N7 are used for the lubrication and cooling of machinery operating at high speeds with low loads, as well as lathes, grinders, and textile spindles； N32 and N46 can be used as hydraulic oil for conventional machine tools ； N15, N22, N32, and N46 are suitable for gears and pulley bearings with general requirements, while N68 is used as lubricant for the guides of heavy machinery ； N100 and N150 are used for heavy equipment such as mining machinery, forging, and casting. Comparison of old and new grades for machine oil: N76: 12–7.48 – 10110; N10: 9.00–11.00 – 10125; N15: 13.5–16.5 – 15165; N22: 19.8–24.2 – 15170; N32: 28.8–35.2 – 15170; N46: 41.4–50.6 – 10180. New grades: N5, N7, N10, N15, N22, N32, N68; 61.2–74.8 – 10190. Old high-speed engine oils: HJ-5, HJ-7, HJ-10, HJ-20; N100: 90.0–11002. New grades: N46, N68, N100, N150; 135–165 – 0220. Old grades: HJ-30, HJ-40, HJ-50, HJ-70, HJ-90. Turbine oils (GB2537-81): HU-20: 18–22 – 15180. Used for lubricating and cooling bearings in high-speed, high-load equipment such as steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, generators, and large and medium-sized blowers, as well as various small oil film bearings. HU-30: 28–32 – 10; HU-40: 37–43 – 10; HU-45: 43–47 – 10. 195. HU-55: 53–57 – 5. Steel rolling machine oils (SY1224-77): HJ3-28: 26–30 – 10250. Used in the circulating lubrication systems of large reducers and bevel gear housings in steel rolling machines, as well as in longer pipelines. Gear oils for large oil film bearings in steel rolling machines (SY1103-77): HL-20: 17.9–22.1 – 10170. Used in box-type lubrication systems for heavy-duty machinery, gear and worm drive systems, as well as in oil bath and circulating lubrication systems for various medium-load applications. It has a wide range of uses. HL-3028.4～32.2－20180 saturated cylinder oil (GB448-64) HG-11––9～135215 is suitable for large metallurgical gear housings, heavy-duty reducers, circulating systems with short pipelines, and box-type lubrication systems. HG-11 is mainly used for lubricating diesel engines, while HG-24 is used for lubricating steam engines and various low-speed, high-load machinery. HG-2420～2815240QB is an engine oil for gasoline engines (GB485-84). HQB-6 has a pour point of 6–9.3–20; it is used for lubricating car and tractor carburetors, engine cylinders and pistons, as well as various medium and small diesel engines and other power equipment. HQB-10 has a pour point of 10–<12.5–15; its viscosity is 200. HQB-15 has a pour point of 14–<16.3–5; its viscosity is 210. Type 1 vacuum pump oil (SY-1634-70) is used for lubricating and sealing large and medium-sized vacuum pumps, as well as machinery that requires resistance to corrosion. Hyperbolic gear oil (SY1102-77), with parameters of HL-22: pour point of 16.1–28.4–20, is suitable for lubricating hyperbolic gears in cars and other machines that require extreme pressure conditions; it is not suitable for lubricating ordinary gears. HL-28 has a pour point of 24.5–32.4–5. Synthetic spindle oil (GB442-64) has a pour point of –12–14; its viscosity is 45163. This is a high-grade lubricant that can be used as hydraulic fluid in hydraulic transmission systems or in refrigerators. It can also be used as a lubricant for machinery, as an oil in metallurgical processes, and as a raw material for greases.