Prize-winning Quiz on Coal Chemical Engineering Knowledge 1

1. Industrial analysis of coal: Determination of moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, sulfur content, and calorific value of coal. Moisture: The internal moisture decreases as the degree of coalification increases. Reduce the effective thermal energy. Ash: It cannot burn and is an important indicator of the quality of coal. For metallurgical coke, every 1% increase in ash content results in an additional 2–2.3% consumption of coke in blast furnaces. Volatile matter: inversely proportional to the degree of coalification. Those with a high ignition point have a low burning temperature, ignite quickly, and produce long flames; however, they are not resistant to burning, are prone to oxidation, and are difficult to store. Fixed carbon: It is the main heat-producing component of coal; the higher the degree of coalification, the higher the carbon content, which is inversely proportional to the volatile matter content. Calorific value: It is the fundamental criterion for evaluating coal quality, and there are high calorific value and low calorific value; the actual value used is the low calorific value. 2. Elemental analysis of coal: It determines some of the main elements in the organic matter of coal, namely carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Hydrogen: content not exceeding 7%, inversely proportional to the degree of coalification. Nitrogen: Content is 1–3%, and black smoke is produced during combustion. Oxygen: Absorbs heat during combustion, and its amount is inversely proportional to the degree of coalification. Sulfur: The maximum content is 5%; it is a harmful substance that pollutes the air when burned. For every 1% increase in sulfur content in coke, solvent consumption increases by 37% during iron production, and blast furnace productivity decreases by 16%. 3. Absolute pressure: It is the actual pressure of the medium (liquid or gas) inside the container. The absolute pressure of the medium inside the container can be higher than the external atmospheric pressure, or it can be equal to or lower than the external atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure: When we measure pressure using a pressure gauge, since the gauge is located in the atmosphere and is subject to atmospheric pressure, the value of pressure measured is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure. The pressure reading we see on the gauge in the power plant is the gauge pressure. The absolute pressure of the medium equals the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure. When the absolute pressure of the medium is greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure, the gauge pressure is positive or zero. 4. B. 5. B.

4. With all other conditions unchanged, increasing the temperature shifts the reaction equilibrium in the direction of (B). A. Exothermic B. Endothermic C. Neither endothermic nor exothermic 5. When installing a rotameter, it should be done (A). A. Vertical installation B. Horizontal installation C. Arbitrary installation

1 mainly includes the moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, sulfur content, and calorific value of coal. 2 mainly includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 3 Absolute pressure: It is the actual pressure of the medium (liquid or gas) inside the container. The absolute pressure of the medium inside the container can be higher than the external atmospheric pressure, or it can be equal to or lower than the external atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure: When we measure pressure using a pressure gauge, since the gauge is located in the atmosphere and is subject to atmospheric pressure, the value of pressure measured is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure. The pressure reading we see on the gauge in the power plant is the gauge pressure. The absolute pressure of the medium equals the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure. When the absolute pressure of the medium is greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure, the gauge pressure is positive or zero. 4 B. Heat absorption 5 B. Horizontal installation

1 mainly includes the moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, sulfur content, and calorific value of coal. 2 mainly includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 3 Absolute pressure: It is the actual pressure of the medium (liquid or gas) inside the container. The absolute pressure of the medium inside the container can be higher than the external atmospheric pressure, or it can be equal to or lower than the external atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure: When we measure pressure using a pressure gauge, since the gauge is located in the atmosphere and is subject to atmospheric pressure, the value of pressure measured is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure. The pressure reading we see on the gauge in the power plant is the gauge pressure. The absolute pressure of the medium equals the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure. When the absolute pressure of the medium is greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure, the gauge pressure is positive or zero. 4 B. Heat absorption 5 B. Horizontal installation

1. What are the items included in the industrial analysis of coal? Moisture analysis ； Ash analysis ； Volatile matter determination ； Determination of fixed carbon ； Determination on an air-dry basis 2. What are the common methods for elemental analysis of coal? The elemental analysis of coal, which is also known as chemical analysis, includes the routine elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine. 3. What are absolute pressure and gauge pressure? Absolute pressure refers to the actual pressure of a substance ； Gauge pressure refers to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. 4. With all other conditions unchanged, increasing the temperature shifts the reaction equilibrium in the direction of (B. endothermic). A. Exothermic B. Endothermic C. Neither endothermic nor exothermic 5. When installing a rotameter, it should be (A. installed vertically). A. Vertical installation B. Horizontal installation C. Any installation. Additional note: Rotameters must be installed in vertical pipes free from vibration, and a bypass should be provided. To ensure measurement accuracy, there should be a 5D straight pipe section in front of the meter, although this length should not be less than 300 mm.

I also have a few questions: 1. What are the factors that affect the gasification of water-coal slurry? 2. What are the active components of additives and cosolvents? What is each one’s function? 3. What are the main factors affecting coal slurry concentration? What are the effects of being too high or too low? 4. What is the purpose of passing high-pressure nitrogen through the temperature-sensing thermocouple in the gasification furnace? 5. What is the function of the demister at the top of the scrubber tower? Hehe, five too! It’s an attempt to imitate in a foolish way………………

1. Moisture analysis, ash analysis, volatile matter determination, fixed carbon, and calorific value determination. 2. The routine elements analyzed in coal are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 3. What are absolute pressure and gauge pressure? Absolute pressure refers to the actual pressure of a substance ； Gauge pressure refers to gauge pressure. 4. B. Heat absorption. 5. A. Vertical installation

1. Industrial analysis of coal: Determination of moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, sulfur content, and calorific value of coal. 2. Elemental analysis of coal: It determines some of the main elements in the organic matter of coal, namely carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 3. Absolute pressure: It is the actual pressure of the medium inside the container. The absolute pressure of the medium inside the container can be higher than the external atmospheric pressure, or it can be equal to or lower than the external atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure: When we measure pressure using a pressure gauge, since the gauge is located in the atmosphere and is subject to atmospheric pressure, the value of pressure measured is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure. The pressure reading we see on the gauge in the power plant is the gauge pressure. 4. With all other conditions unchanged, increasing the temperature shifts the reaction equilibrium in the direction of (B. endothermic). 5. When installing a rotameter, it should be (A. installed vertically).

1. Industrial analysis: external water, internal water, fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash, calorific value, ash melting point (4 parameters). 2. Element analysis: CHONS. 3. Absolute pressure: the actual pressure of the medium inside the container. Gauge pressure: when pressure is measured using a pressure gauge, the value obtained is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure, as the gauge is exposed to atmospheric pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure 4, B 5, A

1. What are the items included in the industrial analysis of coal? Moisture analysis ； Ash analysis ； Volatile matter determination ； Determination of fixed carbon ； Determination on an air-dry basis 2. What are the common methods for elemental analysis of coal? The elemental analysis of coal, which is also known as chemical analysis, includes the routine elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine. 3. What are absolute pressure and gauge pressure? Absolute pressure refers to the actual pressure of a substance ； Gauge pressure refers to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. 4. With all other conditions unchanged, increasing the temperature shifts the reaction equilibrium in the direction of (B. endothermic). A. Exothermic B. Endothermic C. Neither endothermic nor exothermic 5. When installing a rotameter, it should be (A. installed vertically). A. Vertical installation B. Horizontal installation C. Arbitrary installation

1 mainly includes the moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value of coal. 2 mainly includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 3 Absolute pressure: It is the pressure measured with absolute zero pressure as a reference. The absolute pressure of the medium inside the container can be higher than the external atmospheric pressure, or it can be equal to or lower than the external atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure: When we measure pressure using a pressure gauge, since the gauge is located in the atmosphere and is subject to atmospheric pressure, the value of pressure measured is 1 atmosphere less than the absolute pressure. We call this pressure measured by instruments gauge pressure. The absolute pressure of the medium equals the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure. 4 B. 5 A Last edited by huan*ang on 2009-4-3 19:04 ]

1. Moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value 2. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur 3. Gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure = absolute pressure 4. B 5. A