Refractory materials for industrial furnaces

Refractory materials are generally refractory bricks! Use that type of brick depending on the actual situation!

Refractory materials with high fire resistance, high strength, low bulk density, and low thermal conductivity can be used

Currently, {refractory fibers are also used quite frequently

Description of the refractory lining – Radiation section – Furnace bottom. The total thickness of the lining is 300 mm, and it is divided into the following sections: Hot face: 40 mm of high-load refractory bricks (40–44 % Al2O3). Intermediate layer: 190 mm insulating refractory bricks JM23 (3×64 + JM 2600 bonding mortar). Cold face: 75 mm insulation brick – Blok607-1100 (50+25 mm). These layers are separated by transverse expansion joints filled with 25 mm thick Cerachem mat, suitable for 1425 °C and 128 kg/m3. The total lining thickness of the channel area of the furnace bottom tubes is 310 mm; it is filled with Cerafiber loose ceramic fibers compressed to 100 kg/m3 and suitable for use at 1260°C. Additionally, the fire-resistant side is covered with a 50 mm thick Cerachem layer of 25 mm thickness, suitable for use at 1425°C and with a density of 128 kg/m3. Radiation section – the side furnace wall area surrounding the burner bricks – lining bricks. The total thickness of the lining is 300 mm, which is divided into the following sections: Hot face: 230 mm; insulating refractory bricks IFB JM23, and JM26 coated with JM 2600 bonding mortar. Cold face: 75 mm insulation brick – Blok607-1100 (50+25 mm). The IFB layer is separated by horizontal and vertical expansion joints, and is fixed to the furnace chamber panel using AISI 310 hooks attached via carbon steel studs/anchor washers. AISI 310 deck supports connected by bolts for bricklaying ； The panels are supplied and welded by steel structure manufacturers. Around the fireproofing bricks of the burner (360 pieces per set), a 25 mm thick ceramic fiber mat suitable for 12600C and 128 kg/m3 is laid. At the top of the fire partition for each burner, JM 26 special furnace arch bricks are installed. The fire viewing ports should be prefabricated on-site using JM 26, and fixed to the furnace chamber panel with AISI 310 plates/anchors. The fire viewing ports / door frames and door covers should be made of medium-weight insulated castings – Firelite LW HS reinforced with AISI 310 fasteners – with a lining. Radiation section – Ceramic fiber assembly between the side furnace wall and the burner brick lining. Total thickness of the lining = 300 mm, divided into the following sections: Hot face: 280 mm. The entire ceramic fiber assembly (unfolded) – 1425 °C, 128 kg/m3. Cold face: 25 mm ceramic fiber mat –1260°C, 128 kg/m3. The ceramic fiber assembly shall be integrated with AISI 316/304 metal fittings and secured to the furnace chamber plate using AISI 304 double-headed bolts. Radiation section – side furnace walls – ceramic fiber component lining for the remaining areas. The total thickness of the lining is 305 mm, which is distributed as follows: Hot side: 280 mm. Ceramic fiber folded components, Z-BLOK – 1425 °C, 170 kg/m3. Cold face: 25 mm ceramic fiber mat –1260°C, 128 kg/m3. The ceramic fiber assembly shall be integrated with AISI 321/304 metal fittings and fixed to the furnace chamber panel using AISI 304 hooks and bolts. The bypass fittings between the radiation section and the smoke exhaust hood should be lined with 305 mm thick integral ceramic fiber components (unfolded) – 1425 0C “T”-type components with a density of 240 kg/m3, as well as 280 mm thick folded ceramic fiber components of the Z-BLOK type at 1425 0C, with a density of 170 kg/m3; in addition, there should be 25 mm thick ceramic fiber mats at 1260 0C, with a density of 128 kg/m3. Ceramic fiber assemblies shall be integrated with AISI 321/316/304 metal fittings and fixed to the furnace chamber panel using AISI 304 hooks and bolts. The viewing ports that use ceramic fiber lining components in advance should be vacuum-formed, suitable for 1425°C, and secured to the furnace chamber panel using AISI 310 fasteners.

The choice of lining material depends on the furnace temperature and the properties of the flue gases. The furnace temperature in a typical tubular heating furnace is 700–800°C; materials such as castables and ceramic fiber modules can be used, and by calculating the thickness of the lining, it is possible to ensure that the temperature of the furnace’s outer wall remains within acceptable levels. It is described in detail in the SH/T3036 standard. Reference can also be made to SH/T3115 \"Technical Requirements for Light Castable Linings in Tubular Furnaces in the Petrochemical Industry\" and SH/T3128-2002 \"Ceramic Fiber Linings for Flame Heated Furnaces in General Refining Units\". The furnace temperature in the auxiliary combustion chambers of catalytic units is generally designed to be 1200°C, and the smoke flow velocity in these furnaces is relatively high; therefore, the wear resistance of the linings must be taken into account. Reference can be made to SH 3531-2003 \"Technical Specifications for Insulating and Wear-Resistant Linings\". Recently, an acid gas incinerator was built, with a furnace temperature designed at 1400°C. The flue gas contains high levels of SO2; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the lining can resist corrosion caused by high-temperature acidic gases. Additionally, given the high furnace temperature, the lining must have high fire resistance, a high load softening temperature, good thermal shock stability, excellent volume stability, good creep resistance, and a low rate of change in reflow temperature. I haven’t worked with other types of furnaces, such as ethylene cracking furnaces: lol

We are still using refractory cement, as well as refractory bricks, by employing the method of combining refractory aluminate cement with various proportions of coarse and fine aggregates

These days, lightweight castables, fiber-based plastics, and the like are commonly used; fibers are employed for the furnace roof, while refractory bricks are scattered on the furnace bottom. The lining of brick wall structures is a bit complicated to install, but it provides good performance and is quite durable: victory:

I would like to ask about straw shaping: what is the power consumption, the amount of straw that can be shaped per hour, and what is the particle size?

Formulas for calculating the carbon content and calorific value of coal

The topic upstairs doesn’t match the original poster’s, right?