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Characteristics and Applications of Common Welding Methods Welding Method Characteristics Applications Gas welding ① The temperature and size of the weld pool are easy to control, and single-sided full penetration is achievable in all welding positions； ②The welding quality is poor ； ③Large welding deformation ； ④Low productivity ； ⑤The equipment is simple, does not require power, and is convenient for use in the field. ①1~3mm thin plates ； ②Cast iron repair welding ； ③Tube welding ； ④Field construction ； ⑤Brass welding: MIG welding compared to oxy-acetylene welding: ① Better welding quality ； ②Low welding deformation. ③ High productivity. Compared with submerged arc automatic welding: ④ Simple equipment. ⑤ High adaptability, capable of welding in various spatial positions as well as short and curved welds. ① Suitable for small-batch production of individual pieces ； ②The plate thickness is generally ≥3mm. 1–2 mm can also be welded, but the quality is difficult to guarantee. ③ Welding in all positions. ④ Short and curved welds. Submerged arc automatic welding compared to manual arc welding: ① High productivity and low cost. ② Stable quality and good weld appearance. ③ Good working conditions, with lower requirements for the welder’s skills. ④ Poor adaptability; generally only suitable for flat welding. ⑤ Complex equipment, as well as specialized process equipment required. Used for mass production, medium-thick plates, long straight welds, and circumferential welds of large diameter (usually over 300 mm). Tungsten inert gas welding: ① Excellent welding quality. ② The arc remains stable even at low currents, making it easy to control the shape of the weld on the back side. ③ Welding in all positions is possible. ④ Argon is expensive, resulting in high costs. ① Alloys such as aluminum, titanium, and their alloys, as well as stainless steels. ② Root welding. ③ Pipe welding. ④ Thin plates. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding: ① Low cost (CO2 gas is inexpensive). ② High productivity (high current density). ③ Minimal deformation in thin plates. ④ Welding in all positions is possible. ⑤ Oxidizing nature. ⑥ Poor weld quality and excessive spatter. ⑦ Difficult to operate and maintain the equipment. ① Carbon steel and ordinary low-alloy steels with lower strength levels. ② Suitable for thin plates; can also be used for medium-thick plates. ③ Semi-automatic CO2 welding is appropriate for small batches of individual parts and short/curved welds ； CO2 automatic welding for mass production, long straight seams and circumferential seams: Compared with electroslag welding and arc welding: ① Thick sections can be welded in one go, resulting in high productivity; ② The microstructure of the weld metal is coarse, and normalizing is required after welding. Straight seams with a plate thickness of ≥40 mm can also be welded using circumferential seams or seams with variable cross-sections. Resistance welding compared with fusion welding: ① High productivity; ② Less welding deformation; ③ More complex equipment and higher investment costs; ④ Higher power requirements for the power supply. ① Suitable for mass production; ② Enables welding of different metal types; ③ Used for welding rod-shaped parts ； Spot welding is used to weld thin-sheet shells ； Seam welding is used for welding thin-walled containers and pipes. Comparison of brazing with fusion welding: ① Less welding deformation and high dimensional accuracy; ② High productivity, easy to mechanize and automate; ③ Ability to weld different metals and materials together; ④ Capability to weld certain complex special structures, such as honeycomb structures; ⑤ Lower joint strength and suitable for lower operating temperatures. Applications: ① Electronic components and circuits; ② Instruments and precision mechanical parts; ③ Different metals and materials; ④ Complex, difficult-to-weld special structures