Reasons for the knocking sound in the cylinder
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1. Wear of the piston or piston rings. 2. The gap between the piston and the cylinder is too large. 3. The clearance volume of the cylinder is too small. Or the working sleeve is loose. 4 The piston rod is bent or the connection nut is loose. 5. Excessive lubricant or dirt can increase wear between the piston and the cylinder. 6. The intake and exhaust valves may break, or the valve covers may crack due to excessive pressure.
I would like to add that in actual production, impact sounds can occur due to material present in the cylinder (material condensate).
There are several other situations: 1. Liquid hammer occurs, 2. The piston back seal becomes loose, 3. The clearance between the big and small end bearings of the connecting rod is too large