Explanation of key indicators in energy reports

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Explanation of key indicators in energy reports: Quantity purchased: Depending on the nature of a company’s production and operations, the quantity purchased can be divided into two categories. One is the amount of energy purchased by energy distribution companies (wholesale and retail businesses) for sale, and the other is the amount of energy purchased by energy-consuming companies for their own use. These two types of quantities are recorded in separate tables. The amount of energy purchased by energy distribution companies refers to various primary and secondary forms of energy that such companies acquire during the reporting period for sale. The amount of energy purchased by energy distribution enterprises is reported by those enterprises (wholesale and retail companies). The amount of energy purchased by energy-consuming enterprises refers to various primary and secondary forms of energy that such enterprises acquire from external sources for their own consumption during the reporting period. The amount of energy purchased by energy-consuming enterprises is reported by those enterprises themselves. The principles for calculating the amount of purchases are as follows: (1) The energy used to calculate the purchase volume must meet the following three conditions: first, it must have actually arrived at the organization ； Second, it has passed acceptance and inspection ； Third, complete the warehousing procedures ； However, if they have been put into use or sold before the warehousing procedures are completed, they must be included in the purchase volume ； Calculate based on how much is used. (2) “Whoever purchases it is responsible for the statistics.” Anything actually purchased by the unit that meets the aforementioned principles should be included, regardless of where it was purchased, including processed materials acquired at a specified price. For those actually purchased during the reporting period, once the warehousing procedures are completed, the purchase volume is calculated ； When are the procedures for inventory entry carried out, and when is the purchase quantity calculated? Based on the above principles, the following situations cannot be included in the purchase quantity: (1) The supplier has shipped the goods, but they have not yet arrived at the unit, even if payment has been made ； (2) The goods have been delivered to the unit, but the inspection and warehousing procedures have not yet been carried out ； (3) Deficiencies detected upon inspection (the purchase quantity is calculated based on the actual amount after inspection) ； (4) Those borrowed, produced for own use, returned this year after being taken out in the workshop or construction site last year, as well as those processed from incoming materials (excluding those valued at a price). Amount of purchases: refers to the value of various primary and secondary energy sources that were actually purchased by the entity during the reporting period and for which receipt and inventory entry procedures have been completed. The amount is calculated based on the total amount stated on the purchase invoice (including VAT), with the same statistical principles and scope as those applied to the quantity purchased. When calculating the amount of purchases, it is important to note the following: (1) The value indicators must be consistent with the physical quantity indicators; that is, when the physical quantity is calculated, the value amount should also be calculated, and vice versa ； (2) Items that have been inspected and stored but not yet settled, for which the purchase invoices have not arrived, are counted based on the actual quantity inspected. The value of these purchases is calculated by multiplying the average price of the goods from the previous period or the contract price by the quantity purchased; adjustments will be made after the settlement is completed. (3) Either the physical quantity or the value amount; if either is not sufficient to reach one unit of measurement, neither should be recorded. Record both once they each reach one unit of measurement in the future. Energy consumption: refers to the amount of primary or secondary energy actually consumed by an energy user during the reporting period. The principle for statistics on energy consumption is: (1) Those who consume it are responsible for recording it. That is, regardless of who owns it, the unit that consumes it is the one that records its consumption volume. (2) When to put it into use, and when to calculate consumption. For a company’s energy consumption, in terms of time and process boundaries, it is determined at the point when the material enters the first production stage; in other words, consumption is calculated from the moment the material enters that first production stage ； When to initiate the first production step, and when to calculate consumption levels. (3) Consumption can only be calculated once. Calculate its consumption amount at the time of first use. For energy that is reused repeatedly, its consumption volume shall not be counted multiple times, such as the recovery and utilization of waste heat and excess energy. (4) Energy-consuming working fluids (such as water, oxygen, compressed air, etc.), whether purchased externally or produced for internal use, are not included in the energy consumption figure (except when calculating energy consumption per unit of product). (5) For energy produced by an enterprise itself that is used as raw material or fuel for the production of another product, and when production volumes are calculated separately, the consumption amount must be recorded; this applies to situations such as coal mines using raw coal to produce washed coal, coking plants using coke to produce gas, and oil refineries using fuel oil to generate electricity. However, the semi-finished products and intermediate products consumed in the product production process are not included in the consumption figures. For example, when an oil refinery produces fuel oil from crude oil and then uses that fuel oil to manufacture other products, if the output of fuel oil is not counted, then its consumption as an intermediate product is also not counted (if the output of fuel oil is counted, then its consumption must also be counted). The energy consumption of industrial enterprises includes the energy used by these enterprises in their production processes as fuel, power, raw materials, and auxiliary materials, as well as energy for processing purposes and for non-production activities. As an energy processing and conversion enterprise, it also includes the input amount for energy processing and conversion (this portion of energy should not be considered as raw material; the concept of raw material is explained later). Specifically including: (1) energy used for the production of the company’s products, industrial operations, and other productive activities ； (2) Energy used for technical upgrading and renovation measures, research on new technologies and trial production of new products, as well as scientific experiments ； (3) Energy used for operations such as maintenance, major repairs of buildings and equipment, mechanical and electrical equipment, and transportation vehicles ； (4) Energy used for labor protection ； (5) Other energy for non-production consumption. Excluded: (1) Energy sent from the warehouse to the workshop but not consumed by the end of the reporting period. This portion of energy should be included in the inventory level after going through the procedures for fake material return. (2) Recycled waste heat and waste energy. (3) Energy allocated to external units for processing on their behalf. (4) Retrieving energy from one’s own unit or lending it to another unit. The energy consumption of enterprises other than industrial enterprises includes: (1) energy used for production and business operations ； (2) Energy used for technical upgrading and renovation measures, new technology research, and scientific experiments, etc ； (3) Energy used for operations such as maintenance, major repairs of buildings and equipment, mechanical and electrical equipment, and transportation vehicles ； (4) Energy used for labor protection ； (5) Other energy for non-production consumption. Energy consumption in industrial production: refers to the energy consumed by industrial enterprises for carrying out industrial production activities. It mainly includes: (1) Energy used for the production of the company’s products and for industrial operations, including that used as raw materials, inputs, fuel, and power ； As an energy processing and conversion enterprise, it also includes the energy used for processing and conversion (this portion of energy should not be considered as raw material; the concept of raw material is explained later). (2) Energy used as an auxiliary material in the product manufacturing process. (3) Energy used in the production process. (4) Energy used for new technology research, new product prototyping, and scientific experiments. (5) Energy used in various repair processes carried out for industrial production activities. (6) Energy for labor protection in the production area, etc. Energy consumption for non-industrial production: refers to the energy consumption within industrial enterprises, other than that associated with industrial production; in other words, it includes energy used for purposes other than industrial production, as well as energy used by non-independent accounting units affiliated with industrial enterprises that are not engaged in industrial production activities. For example, the energy consumption associated with technical upgrades and renovations, as well as maintenance activities carried out by the company’s construction units; energy used for labor protection in non-production areas; and energy consumption by institutions such as research organizations, farms, fleets, schools, hospitals, canteens, and kindergartens. It must be noted, however, that if the aforementioned entities operate on an independent accounting basis, their energy consumption cannot be included either in \"energy consumption by industrial enterprises\" or in \"energy consumption for non-industrial production\". Energy consumption in transportation vehicles: refers to the energy used by transportation vehicles engaged in transportation activities both within and outside the factory premises. However, if the fleet belonging to an industrial enterprise is a separately accounted entity, the energy it consumes should not be included either in \"energy consumption by industrial enterprises\" or in \"energy used by transportation vehicles\"; instead, its consumption should be classified as that of transportation enterprises. Energy processing and conversion for consumption: Energy processing and conversion refer to the process of transforming one type of energy (usually primary energy) into another type of energy (secondary energy) through specific processes, for particular purposes. The processing and conversion of energy are related yet distinct. Energy processing refers to the transformation of energy in terms of its physical form; for example, crude oil is refined into petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel through distillation ； The raw coal is processed into washed coal through screening and washing ； Coal is dry-distilled at high temperatures into coke through coking ； Gasify coal into gas through gasification, and so on. There is no qualitative change in energy before or after processing with these methods. Energy conversion refers to the transformation of energy forms as well as the chemical states of substances; for example, through certain processing techniques, coal and heavy oil are converted into electricity and heat, thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, and electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, among other things ； Another example is the conversion of heavy oil into light oil through cracking (the substances before and after the conversion have different chemical structures and properties). The input for energy processing and conversion is the consumption of energy processing and conversion. Statistics on energy processing and conversion refer to the statistics on the inputs and outputs of energy processing and conversion for independently accounted industrial enterprises that are specialized in such activities, as well as for non-independently accounted industrial production units affiliated with other enterprises that are engaged in energy processing and conversion. Energy used for processing and converting other forms of energy cannot be considered a raw material. The difference between the two is that in the case of processing and conversion, energy is used as input; the main product produced is still energy, or the products generated are other by-products and co-products resulting from the processing and conversion process that are not used as energy. When used as raw materials, energy is invested, yet the main products produced are those that fall outside the category of energy; these include products that can, in a broad sense, be used as energy (for example, they can be burned to produce heat), but are not typically used as energy sources. The energy input (consumption) of enterprises engaged in energy processing and conversion does not include: (1) the energy used in the processing and conversion processes themselves, such as electricity for motors in power generation units, fuel used for starting power generation, and electricity for ventilation equipment ； Coke oven gas used for preheating raw materials in coke ovens, and power for operating the equipment, etc. (2) Energy consumption in workshops. (3) Energy consumption in auxiliary production systems. (4) Energy for operation and management. (5) Other energy used for production beyond the items mentioned above. Liquefaction process: Refers specifically to the conversion of natural gas into liquefied natural gas through certain processes. Output from energy processing and conversion: refers to various secondary energy products produced as a result of the processing and conversion of different types of energy (including other by-products and co-products that are not used as energy). Examples include electricity generated through thermal power generation, electricity, steam, and hot water produced simultaneously in combined heat and power systems; washed coal, medium-grade washed coal, and coal slurry produced during coal washing; coke, coke oven gas, and other coke-related products obtained from coking; gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, refinery gas, and other petroleum products (naphtha, various crude oils, solvents, paraffin, lubricants, petroleum asphalt, etc.) produced in oil refining; and coke oven gas, other types of gas, coke, and other coke-related products (coal tar, crude benzene, etc.) produced in gas production. Energy processing and conversion losses: Refer to the various losses that occur during the processing and conversion of energy, that is, the difference between the amount of energy invested in these processes and the amount of energy produced as a result. When calculating the losses in energy processing and conversion, it is necessary to convert the inputs and outputs of processing and conversion into standard fuel for calculation. Energy consumption as a raw material: This refers to the use of energy products not as energy, that is, not as fuel or power, but rather as raw materials for producing another type of product (a non-energy product) or as auxiliary materials. When used as raw materials, they typically constitute the physical component of such a product. The difference between it and its use in processing and conversion is that, in processing and conversion, energy is input, and the main output is still energy (or the output consists of other by-products and coproducts generated during the processing and conversion process that are not used as energy). When used as raw materials, energy is invested, yet the main products produced are those that fall outside the category of energy; these include products that can, in a broad sense, be used as energy (for example, they can be burned to produce heat), but are not typically used as energy sources. Total energy consumption: refers to the sum of all types of energy actually consumed by industrial enterprises in their industrial production activities during the reporting period. When calculating the total energy consumption, it is necessary to first convert the various types of energy used into standard fuel before proceeding with the calculation. Depending on the nature of production activities, the calculation method for total energy consumption varies among different enterprises. The comprehensive energy consumption of non-energy processing and conversion enterprises refers to the total amount of various primary and secondary energy sources used in their industrial production, that is: Comprehensive energy consumption = Total energy used in industrial production. The comprehensive energy consumption of energy processing and conversion enterprises refers to the actual amount of energy consumed in their industrial production, which is the total amount of primary and secondary energy used, minus the amount of secondary energy generated as a result of processing and conversion. The calculation formula is: Total comprehensive energy consumption = Total energy consumed in industrial production (Column 5 of Table P201) – Total energy output from processing and conversion (Column 11 of Table P201-1). When calculated using the above formula, it is done by converting to standard quantities separately. Final energy consumption: Energy consumption is divided into two parts, namely processing and conversion consumption, and final consumption. Final energy consumption is a comprehensive indicator used in energy accounting to reflect the actual amount of energy consumed. It refers to the quantity of primary energy that has not been processed or transformed, or of secondary energy that has been processed or transformed, which is used directly as raw materials, inputs, fuel, power, or for industrial processes; it does not include the amount of secondary energy that is reused in further processing steps. Energy inventory level: The energy inventory level referred to in this system denotes a company’s energy inventory, which is the amount of various types of energy that the company possesses at a certain point in time during the reporting period. Based on the nature of a company’s production and business activities, corporate inventory is divided into finished goods inventory held by manufacturing companies, inventory used for sales by distribution companies (wholesale and retail businesses), and inventory used for consumption by end-users. 1. Principles for calculating inventory levels: (1) Point-in-time principle. Inventory level refers to the quantity of various types of energy that a company possesses at a certain point in time during the reporting period; therefore, it is necessary to count the inventory at the time points specified by the regulations, and neither earlier nor later. (2) Principle of actual quantity. After inventory counting, it is possible for the figures recorded in the accounts to differ from the actual inventory levels. In such cases, the account figures should be adjusted based on the quantities counted, with any difference being treated as an inventory surplus or deficit. (3) The inventory level is calculated based on items that have passed inspection and undergone the warehousing procedures; items that have not been inspected or fail the inspection cannot be included in the inventory. (4) The inventory of finished products held by energy production enterprises, as well as the inventory used for business sales by energy distribution enterprises (wholesale and retail businesses), are counted in accordance with the principle of energy ownership, while the inventory used for consumption by energy-consuming enterprises is counted based on the principle of energy usage rights ； (Construction industry inventory is counted in accordance with the principle of \"whoever manages it, is responsible for counting it\".) 2. Finished goods inventory of energy production enterprises: Refers to the quantity of energy products that have not been sold and are stored in the warehouses (or storage areas) of coal mines, oil fields, coal washing plants, refineries, coking plants, and other enterprises that produce primary and secondary energy sources, at a certain point in time during the reporting period. In accordance with the accounting principle of \"ownership\" for finished goods inventory, all products that the enterprise has the right to sell must be included in the accounts, regardless of where they are stored. It mainly includes: (1) products manufactured by this enterprise that passed inspection and were stored in inventory during the reporting period ； (2) Inventory products that have buyers but have not yet been shipped ； (3) Products that have been sold, but for which the payment settlement procedures have not yet been completed under the pick-up system, and for which the shipping procedures have not yet been completed under the delivery system ； (4) Products processed with materials that have not yet been allocated ； (5) Products for which quality issues were discovered after they were stored, but for which return procedures were not carried out ； (6) Products not recorded in the accounts during inventory counting. Finished goods inventory does not include: (1) products that have not been inspected and put into stock ； (2) Products that have been sold and all necessary procedures have been completed, but have not yet been picked up or shipped ； (3) Products held in custody for third parties ； (4) Products with inventory shortages. 3. Inventory held by wholesale and retail enterprises for business sales: This refers to the quantity of goods purchased by wholesale and retail businesses for use in their operations that have not yet been sold at a certain point in time during the reporting period. It mainly includes: (1) Goods that have been purchased and for which the inventory entry procedures have been completed ； (2) Goods stored at another entity ； (3) Goods that have been sold, but for which the payment settlement procedures have not yet been completed under the pick-up system, and for which the shipping procedures have not yet been finalized under the delivery system ； (4) Goods stored in warehouses and transit warehouses located elsewhere ； (5) Products outside the accounts during inventory counting. Inventory used by wholesale and retail businesses for their operations and sales does not include: (1) goods that have not yet been inspected and put into stock; (2) goods that have been sold and all necessary procedures have been completed, but which have not yet been picked up or shipped ； (3) Goods held on behalf of external entities ； (4) Goods with inventory shortages. 4. Inventory for consumption by energy-using enterprises: refers to the quantity of goods purchased by energy-consuming enterprises that have not been consumed as of a certain point in the reporting period and are actually stored in raw material and energy supply warehouses (or sites). Inventory held for consumption by energy-using enterprises and the finished goods inventory of energy-producing enterprises are two different indicators. For energy production enterprises, two types of inventory need to be reported. The inventory of energy products that have been produced by the enterprise but not sold during the reporting period should be listed in the “Industrial Enterprises’ Production, Sales and Inventory Report” (Form B203) or (Form P402). Meanwhile, the inventory of energy that was used for the enterprise’s own consumption during the reporting period but has not yet been consumed should be recorded in the “Industrial Enterprises’ Energy Purchases, Consumption and Inventory” report (Form P201). The scope of inventory used for consumption by an enterprise includes mainly the following: (1) All inventory that is under the control of the enterprise, regardless of its source (purchased internally, borrowed, allocated by other entities, etc.) or the location where it is stored (central warehouse, branch warehouses, workshops, construction sites, or other locations outside the enterprise), should be included in the enterprise’s inventory figures ； (2) Those that have not yet been put into use for consumption at the time of statistics, including those that have been retrieved from the warehouse by workshops, construction sites, or work teams but have not yet been used in the first production stage (a formal return procedure for the materials is required) ； (3) Those processed under contract from external units or borrowed from external units that have not been consumed by the end of the reporting period ； (4) Those that have been decided to be transferred out (sold, lent, donated, etc.), but for which the dispatch procedures have not yet been carried out ； (5) Entrusted to another entity for safekeeping ； (6) Excess inventory that is not part of normal turnover, such as backlog or specially approved reserves, strategic reserves ； (7) Items found to be outside the accounts during inventory counting. Inventory held by an enterprise for consumption does not include: (1) that has been allocated to external parties for processing on their behalf ； (2) Already transferred out (lent, donated, etc.), with outbound procedures completed ； (3) Sent to our unit by the supplier by mistake ； (4) Held on behalf of external entities ； (5) It has been confirmed to be a loss or theft ； (6) Payment has been made, but the goods are still in transit ； (7) Those that have been delivered to the unit but for which the inspection and receipt procedures have not yet been carried out or completed. Other coking products: refer to other coking products other than coke and coke oven gas, such as coal tar and crude benzene. There are many coking products; the catalog lists only coke and coke oven gas. For simplicity in statistics, all other coking products aside from these two are grouped under the category of “Other Coking Products” and reported together. Other petroleum products: refer to those petroleum products other than gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and refinery dry gas, such as lubricants, greases, naphtha, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, etc. There are many types of petroleum products; the catalog lists only gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and refinery dry gas as the main categories. For simplicity in statistics, other petroleum products aside from these main categories are grouped together under the category of “Other Petroleum Products” and reported together. Liquefied natural gas: refers to natural gas that has been liquefied. The conversion factor for liquefied natural gas is 1.7572. Other fuels: refer to fuels other than those listed in the statistical catalog. Note: When filling in the form, each variety must be converted into standard quantities (standard coal) using its respective actual conversion coefficient. Total water intake: refers to the total amount of water drawn by industrial enterprises from various sources for use in industrial production activities. This includes surface water, groundwater, tap water, untreated water supplied through pipelines, reclaimed water treated by urban sewage treatment plants, seawater, as well as other waters or water-based products purchased by enterprises from the market (such as purified water, mineral water, steam, hot water, geothermal water, etc.). The total water consumption includes water used for main industrial production, water used for auxiliary production (including machinery maintenance, transportation, air compression stations, etc.), and water used for ancillary operations (including plant landscaping, staff canteens, non-commercial bathrooms and health centers, toilets, etc.) ； It does not include water usage by non-industrial production units, such as water used by residential households within factories, as well as water used by enterprises’ affiliated kindergartens, schools, commercial bathhouses, swimming pools, etc. Surface water: refers to water that enterprises draw directly from surface water sources such as rivers, reservoirs, and lakes (including water taken from these sources for cooling purposes by the enterprises, which is not reused before being discharged; this is commonly known as runoff water), and does not include water used for power generation in hydroelectric plants. The amount refers to the costs incurred by an enterprise for using surface water during the reporting period. The scope of calculation corresponds to the cost components that determine the price of local surface water, such as water fees, resource taxes, and wastewater disposal fees; only those costs that exist are taken into account. The amount does not include the costs associated with the water extraction process, such as electricity costs, equipment expenses, labor costs, etc. If a company does not need to pay fees for using surface water, the amount should be left blank. Groundwater: Refers to water that is drawn directly from the ground by enterprises using their own wells. The amount refers to the costs incurred by the enterprise for using groundwater during the reporting period. The scope of calculation corresponds to the cost components that determine the local price of groundwater, such as water fees, resource taxes, and drainage (waste) fees; only those costs that exist are taken into account. The amount does not include the costs associated with the water extraction process, such as electricity costs, equipment expenses, labor costs, etc. If a company does not need to pay for using groundwater, the amount should be left blank. Tap water: refers to water such as surface water and groundwater that has been processed by water supply companies and found to meet the standards for tap water supply, and is delivered through urban tap water pipelines ； The water consumption is calculated based on the flow rate indicated by the water meter during the reporting period. The amount refers to the costs incurred by the enterprise for consuming tap water during the reporting period. The scope of calculation is consistent with the cost structure that determines the local tap water price, such as water fees, resource taxes, and wastewater disposal fees. Water supplied through pipes that has not been treated to meet standards: refers to surface water, groundwater, etc., which has not been purified by water supply companies or has been purified but still does not meet the standards, and is supplied through pipes. The amount refers to the costs incurred by the enterprise during the reporting period for consuming such water. The scope of calculation corresponds to the cost components that determine the price of such water in that area, such as water fees, resource taxes, and wastewater disposal fees; any of these costs that apply are taken into account. Reclaimed water: refers to water that is obtained by treating urban sewage in wastewater treatment plants until it meets relevant standards, and then being supplied through pipes or other means. The amount refers to the costs incurred by the enterprise for using reclaimed water during the reporting period. The scope of calculation corresponds to the cost components that determine the local price of reclaimed water, such as water fees, resource taxes, and sewage disposal fees; only those costs that are applicable are taken into account. Reused water volume: In industrial enterprises, the amount of reused water refers to the water that is recovered and reused directly or after treatment from wastewater generated in production and daily operations, and does not include reclaimed water purchased by the enterprise from urban sewage treatment plants. For each time that industrial wastewater is reused during the reporting period, the amount of reused water is calculated once. Principles for calculating recycled water volume: 1. Openness principle. That is, the water cycle takes place in an open system, with calculations being performed for each cycle; in a closed-loop system, the recycled water is not counted as part of the reused water volume. 2. “Source” calculation principle. For circulating water, the used water returns to the water intake of the system, passes through that intake once, and is counted once. Water used as an intermediate link in the circulatory system shall not be counted as recycled water. 3. Principle of distance. For non-circulating systems, depending on the requirements of different processes for water quality, water that has been used in one location (process) is reused in another location (process); each time it is used, it is calculated once. Water that is used multiple times in the same place (container) shall not be counted as repeated water use. 4. Water that has been purified is reused, and in all cases it is counted as recycled water. Calculation of thermal properties: The thermal property calculations for steam and hot water are related to the temperature and pressure of the steam and hot water at the boiler outlet. The calculation method is as follows: Step 1: Determine the temperature and pressure of the steam and hot water at the boiler outlet; using these values, consult the enthalpy-entropy chart (table) to find the enthalpy per kilogram of steam or hot water ； Step 2: Determine the temperature and pressure of the boiler feedwater (or return water). Using these values, consult the enthalpy-entropy diagram (table) to find the enthalpy per kilogram of feedwater (or return water) ； Step 3: Calculate the difference between the enthalpies determined in Step 1 and Step 2, then multiply this result by the amount of steam or hot water (as indicated by the flow meter readings); the resulting value represents the amount of thermal energy. If a company does not have the conditions necessary to calculate thermal power in the above manner, it can use the following method for estimation: Step 1: Determine the output of boiler steam or hot water. Production = Water supply to the boiler – losses due to blowdown, etc ； Step 2: Determine the heat enthalpy of steam or hot water. The determination of heat enthalpy depends on the following situations: (1) Hot water: Assuming an outlet temperature of 90°C and a return water temperature of 20°C, the heat enthalpy per kilogram of hot water in a closed-loop circulation system is calculated as 20 kilocalories, while in an open-loop heating system it is 70 kilocalories per kilogram of hot water. (2) Saturated steam: Pressure of 1–2.5 kilograms per square centimeter, temperature below 127°C; the heat energy per kilogram of steam is calculated at 620 kcal ； Pressure: 3–7 kilograms per square centimeter; temperature: 135–165°C. The heat content per kilogram of steam is 630 kilocalories ； The pressure is 8 kilograms per square centimeter, the temperature is above 170°C, and the heat energy per kilogram of steam is calculated at 640 kilocalories. (3) Superheated steam: Pressure of 150 kilograms per square centimeter, temperature below 200°C; the heat content per kilogram of steam is calculated at 650 kcal ； 220–260°C, with the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam calculated at 680 kcal ； 280–320°C, with the heat content per kilogram of steam calculated at 700 kcal ； 350–500°C, with the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam calculated at 750 kcal. Step 3: Multiply the determined heat enthalpy by the production volume; the resulting value represents the amount of thermal energy. For small and medium-sized enterprises that do not meet all the above conditions, if the boiler’s power is around 0.7 megawatts, 1 ton per hour of hot water or steam is equivalent to 600,000 kilocalories of thermal energy. Unit conversion factors for several products: (1) 1 kilogram of liquefied natural gas = 1.38 cubic meters of natural gas ； 1 cubic meter of natural gas = 0.7256 kilograms of liquefied natural gas. (2) For gasoline, 1 liter = 0.74 kilograms, and 1 kilogram = 1.35 liters. (3) For heavy diesel, 1 liter = 0.92 kilograms, and 1 kilogram = 1.087 liters. (4) For light diesel, 1 liter = 0.87 kilograms, and 1 kilogram = 1.149 liters. Rules for calculating processing conversions for certain products: (1) Natural gas: When a company purchases natural gas, adds some other components to it, and then sells it as natural gas, no processing conversion calculation is applied; the consumption of natural gas is calculated only based on the losses that occur during the processing process (if there are no losses, then the consumption amount is “0”). (2) Refined oil: When a company purchases a certain type of refined oil, adds some other ingredients to it, and then sells this modified product, the product purchased and the one sold are considered to be the same in terms of classification for statistical purposes. In such cases, no processing conversion is taken into account; the consumption amount is calculated only based on the losses that occur during the processing process (if there are no losses, then the consumption amount is “0”). However, when a company purchases a certain type of refined oil and processes it through a specific production method to turn it into another product – such as converting heavy oil into lighter oils like gasoline or kerosene, or other petroleum products – this should be regarded as a processing transformation. In accordance with the statistical regulations for energy processing transformations, the input and output amounts of the corresponding products must be recorded. (3) Energy storage power generation: Companies use electricity to pump water for energy storage and then generate power from the stored water; this should not be considered as energy processing and conversion. For corporate electricity consumption, only the difference between electricity used for pumping water and that used for power generation through water storage, as well as other electricity uses by the enterprise that are not directly related to pumped storage power generation, need to be reported. (IV) Calculation method for the indicator of energy consumption per unit of output in key energy-intensive industrial enterprises (Table P207): Chemical fiber manufacturing industry (28), textile industry (17). Electricity consumption per ton of polyester (short fibers): Electricity consumption per ton of polyester (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Enterprise’s electricity consumption for production (10,000 kWh) / Polyester production volume (tons). Sub-item: Enterprise’s electricity consumption for production; see explanation above. Base item: Polyester production (short fibers). Electricity consumption per ton of polyester (filament): Electricity consumption per ton of polyester (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Enterprise’s electricity consumption for production (10,000 kWh) / Polyester production volume (tons). Sub-item: Enterprise’s electricity consumption for production; the explanation is as above. Base item: Polyester production (filament). Standard coal consumption per ton of polyester (short fibers): Standard coal consumption per ton of polyester (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = 1000 × Standard coal used in the enterprise’s production (tons of standard coal) / Polyester production volume (tons). Sub-item: Standard coal used in the enterprise’s production; the explanation is the same as above. Base item: Polyester production (short fibers). Standard coal consumption per ton of polyester (filament): Standard coal consumption per ton of polyester (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = 1000 × Standard coal used in enterprise production (tons of standard coal) / Polyester production volume (tons). Sub-item: Standard coal used in enterprise production; the explanation is the same as above. Base item: Polyester production (filament). Paper and paper products industry (22) Electricity consumption for machine-made paper and cardboard: Electricity consumption for machine-made paper and cardboard (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Enterprise’s electricity usage for production (10,000 kWh) / Output of machine-made paper and cardboard (tons). Sub-item: Enterprise’s electricity usage for production includes the electricity consumed by the direct production system, auxiliary production systems, and ancillary production systems. Direct production systems such as material preparation, pulping, and papermaking systems. Auxiliary production systems include power, power supply, machinery repair, water supply, instrumentation, and in-house raw material plants. The auxiliary production systems include the production command system (the factory headquarters) and the departments and units within the factory that serve production purposes, such as workshops, bathrooms, water heating stations, rice cooking stations, health clinics, nursing rooms, etc. Base item: The output of mechanical pulp and paperboard represents the output of qualified products. Total energy consumption for machine-made paper and cardboard: Total energy consumption for machine-made paper and cardboard (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = 1000 × Total energy consumption in enterprise production (tons of standard coal) / Production volume of machine-made paper and cardboard (tons). Sub-items: Total energy consumption in enterprise production includes various forms of energy consumed by the direct production system, auxiliary production systems, and supporting production systems. Direct production systems such as material preparation, pulping, and papermaking systems. Auxiliary production systems include power, power supply, machinery repair, water supply, instrumentation, and in-house raw material plants. The auxiliary production systems include the production command system (the factory headquarters) and the departments and units within the factory that serve production purposes, such as workshops, bathrooms, water heating stations, rice cooking stations, health clinics, nursing rooms, etc. Base item: The output of mechanical pulp and paperboard represents the output of qualified products. Electricity consumption per ton of machine-made pulp: Electricity consumption per ton of machine-made pulp (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Enterprise’s electricity usage for production (10,000 kWh) / Output of machine-made pulp (tons). Sub-item: Enterprise’s electricity usage for production; see explanation above. Base term: The output of mechanical pulp represents the output of qualified products. Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of machine-made pulp: Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of machine-made pulp (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = 1000 × Total energy consumption in enterprise production (tons of standard coal) / Output of machine-made pulp (tons). Sub-item: Total energy consumption in enterprise production; the explanation is as above. Base term: The output of mechanical pulp represents the output of qualified products. Cement manufacturing (31) Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement clinker: Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement clinker (kilograms of standard coal) = 1000 × Total energy consumption for producing cement clinker (tons of standard coal) / Output of cement clinker (tons). Sub-items: The total energy consumption for producing cement clinker includes the consumption of electricity, coal, oil products, natural gas, gas, liquefied gas, and steam. For steam and electricity generated by a company’s own boilers and generator sets and used within that company, only the primary energy consumption is counted; the consumption of steam and electricity is not calculated again. Similarly, electricity generated from waste heat in cement plants is also not counted repeatedly. Base item: The output of cement clinker represents the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Total coal consumption per ton of cement clinker: The total coal consumption per ton of cement clinker includes the coal used in both the drying of the materials and the firing of the clinker. In statistics, it is necessary to calculate separately the consumption of actual coal and the consumption converted to standard coal based on different calorific values. The calculation formulas are as follows: 1. Comprehensive coal consumption per ton of cement clinker (kilograms/ton) = 1000 × Total actual coal consumption (tons) / Cement clinker production (tons). 2. Standard coal consumption per ton of cement clinker (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = Comprehensive coal consumption per ton of cement clinker (kilograms/ton) × Conversion factor to standard coal. The total actual coal consumption includes not only the coal used in firing cement clinker but also the coal used in drying limestone, clay, iron powder, and in the firing process itself. For enterprises that produce only cement clinker, it should also include other coal consumption directly related to clinker production, such as coal used for heating furnaces in the maintenance workshops and coal used in steam boilers. Base item: The output of cement clinker represents the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Coal consumption per ton of clinker produced: The calculation formulas are as follows: 1. Actual coal consumption per ton of clinker produced (kilograms/ton) = 1000 × actual coal consumption (tons) / clinker production volume (tons). 2. Standard coal consumption per ton of clinker produced (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = 1000 × standard coal consumption (tons) / clinker production volume (tons). Sub-items: Actual coal consumption includes the coal powder fed into the kiln, as well as the losses that occur during the burning process; if the coal sludge and powder collected from the dust collection system are used for other purposes, they can be deducted from the coal consumption for burning. For enterprises using black slurry, there is the coal powder mixed into the slurry, the fuel fed into the decomposition furnace in rotary kilns that use external decomposition, as well as the oil used for kiln ignition and gaseous fuel. Enterprises that burn oil and gas should convert their oil and gas consumption into standard coal and include it in the coal consumption for firing. Enterprises that produce clinker using different methods (dry, semi-dry, wet rotary kilns, and vertical kilns) should calculate the coal consumption for clinker firing separately. Cement plants that use waste heat recovery for power generation can calculate the standard coal consumption per ton of clinker produced using the formula above. However, to accurately reflect the actual coal consumption for clinker production in such plants, it is also necessary to calculate the standard coal consumption per ton of cement clinker after deducting the coal used for waste heat power generation. The calculation formula is as follows: Standard coal consumption per ton of clinker produced, after accounting for waste heat recovery for power generation (in kilograms) = 1000 × Standard coal consumption after waste heat recovery (in tons) / Clinker production volume (in tons). Note: The “Standard coal consumption after waste heat recovery (in tons)” in the formula can be calculated using the following equation: Standard coal consumption after waste heat recovery (in tons) = Total standard coal consumption for firing (in tons) – {〔Power generated by the power plant (kilowatt-hours) – Power used by the power plant itself (kilowatt-hours〕 × 0.1229 (kilograms/kilowatt-hour) ÷ 1000}. The denominator represents the clinker production volume, which refers to the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Total electricity consumption per ton of cement clinker: Total electricity consumption per ton of cement clinker (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Total electricity consumption in clinker production (10,000 kWh) / Output of cement clinker (tons). Sub-items: The total electricity consumption in clinker production includes the electricity used in the clinker production process as well as the electricity consumed in the production of raw material. The electricity consumption in the clinker production process should also include the electricity used for coal powder production, that is, the total electricity consumption for producing cement clinker. Total electricity consumption for clinker production = Electricity consumption in the clinker production process + Electricity consumption per ton of raw material × Electricity consumption per ton of raw material during the current period. For enterprises that produce only cement clinker (without producing cement), the total electricity consumption for clinker production should also include the electricity consumption in the process of transporting the cement clinker. Base item: The output of cement clinker represents the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement: Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = 1000 × Total energy consumed in cement production (tons of standard coal) / Cement production volume (tons). Sub-items: The total energy consumed in cement production includes electricity, raw coal, washed coal, coke, crude oil (heavy oil, including residue oil), gasoline, kerosene, diesel, natural gas, gas, liquefied gas, steam, etc. For steam and electricity generated by a company’s own boilers and generator sets and used within that company, only the primary energy consumption is counted; the consumption of steam and electricity is not calculated again. Similarly, electricity generated from waste heat in cement plants is also not counted repeatedly. Base item: The cement production refers to the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Comprehensive coal consumption per ton of cement: The comprehensive coal consumption per ton of cement in terms of physical volume (kilograms/ton) = 1000 × Comprehensive coal consumption for cement production in terms of physical volume (tons) / Cement production volume (tons). Sub-items: The comprehensive coal consumption for cement production includes not only the coal used in clinker production and the coal required for drying supplementary materials, but also other forms of coal consumption that are directly related to cement production, such as the coal used for heating furnaces in the machinery repair shop and the coal used in steam boilers. During the grinding of raw coal, the coal dust recovered through dust collection methods must be counted as part of the consumption when it is reused in production; if it is used to produce other products or for domestic purposes, it should be deducted. Total coal consumption for cement production (tons) = Clinker consumption (tons) × Coal consumption per ton of clinker (tons) + Admixture consumption (tons) × Coal consumption for drying admixtures per ton (tons) + Other coal used in production (tons). The numerator: Cement output refers to the amount of qualified products produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. The formula and scope for calculating the comprehensive consumption of standard coal per ton of cement are the same as those for the comprehensive consumption of physical coal per ton of cement; the only difference is that physical coal is converted into standard coal using a conversion factor. Total electricity consumption per ton of cement: Total electricity consumption per ton of cement (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Total electricity consumption in cement production (10,000 kWh) / Cement production volume (tons). Sub-item: Total electricity consumption in cement production refers to the electricity used in the production of cement, regardless of its type or grade. The electricity consumed should include the power used in the cement production process, as well as the electricity required for the clinker, gypsum, and supplementary materials used in cement production. It also includes the electricity used for packaging or handling the cement after it is produced. All various auxiliary electrical consumptions for cement production, such as those for machinery maintenance, heating, water supply, air supply, testing, as well as power lost in transformers, distribution systems, and electrical lines, and lighting needs for the factory premises, offices, and warehouses, should be allocated reasonably, including those auxiliary electrical uses related to the production of other products in addition to cement. Total electricity consumption for cement production = Electricity used in cement grinding and packaging + Electricity consumption per ton of clinker × Electricity consumption per ton of clinker during the period + Electricity consumption per ton of supplementary materials × Electricity consumption per ton of supplementary materials during the period + Electricity consumption per ton of gypsum × Electricity consumption per ton of gypsum during the period + Allocation of auxiliary electricity usage. For enterprises that only engage in cement production (commonly known as cement grinding plants): Total electricity consumption for cement production = Electricity used in cement grinding and packaging + Electricity consumption per ton of raw materials used in cement grinding × Electricity consumption per ton of raw materials during the processing stage + Electricity consumption in the cement shipping process + Allocation of auxiliary electricity usage. The numerator: Cement production volume refers to the amount of qualified cement produced during the reporting period. The unit of measurement is tons. Black metal smelting and rolling industry (32): Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel – the net energy consumption in steel production, calculated by steel companies based on the amount of qualified crude steel produced per ton during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Total energy consumed by the enterprise (tons of standard coal) / Total output of qualified crude steel (tons) × 1000. The total output of qualified crude steel refers to the sum of the amount of cast ingots, continuous casting billets, and liquid steel used for casting that were produced by the enterprise during the reporting period and met the product quality requirements; this includes products manufactured through processing of materials supplied by customers, but does not include products manufactured through outsourcing. Total electricity consumption per ton of steel: The total amount of electricity consumed in steel production, calculated on a per-ton basis for the output of qualified crude steel, by steel manufacturers during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Comprehensive electricity consumption per ton of steel (kWh/ton) = Total net electricity consumption in steel production (10,000 kWh) / Output of qualified crude steel (tons) × 10,000. Explanation: The total net electricity consumption in steel production includes all electricity directly consumed in production during the reporting period, as well as the electricity consumed by various auxiliary production systems; in other words, it represents the total amount of electricity actually used by the enterprise. New water consumption per ton of steel: The amount of new water used in steel production, calculated on a per-ton basis for qualified crude steel output, by steel companies during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Fresh water consumption per ton of steel (tons/ton) = Total fresh water used by the enterprise (10,000 tons) / Amount of qualified crude steel produced (tons) × 10,000. Explanation: 1. “Fresh water consumption” refers to the amount of fresh water used by the enterprise during the reporting period, that is, the quantity of water obtained directly from “tap water,” “groundwater,” “surface water,” as well as other purchased waters and water-based products. 2. The range of fresh water supply volume for the ordinary or specialized steel mills within steel complexes, including main production processes (such as sintering, pelletizing, coking, ironmaking, steelmaking, rolling, metal product manufacturing, etc.), auxiliary production processes (including blower stations, oxygen stations, lime kilns, air compression stations, boiler rooms, mechanical maintenance, electrical maintenance, testing and analysis, transportation, etc.), and ancillary production processes (including the factory administration, various departments, landscaping, on-site cafeterias, bathrooms in the factory area and workshops, health centers, toilets, etc.) ； It does not include the water taken by industrial power plants for power generation (including chemical water used by the plants themselves), water used for mineral processing in mines, nor external water supply volumes. 3. Enterprises that do not produce crude steel can choose their own main products and calculate the \"water consumption per ton of product\" using these indicators as a reference. Comparable energy consumption per ton of steel: During the reporting period, it represents the total energy consumed by steel manufacturers to produce one ton of crude steel – including energy used in coking, sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking, as well as energy required for fuel processing and transportation, locomotive transport, and the energy losses incurred by the company – all of which are allocated per ton of crude steel produced. It does not include the energy consumption related to mining, ore processing, ferroalloy production, refractory products, carbon products, coal chemical products and other product manufacturing, auxiliary production, and non-production activities in steel industry enterprises. Calculation formula: For the specific calculation method, please refer to Appendix 1, “Calculation Method for Comparable Energy Consumption per Ton of Steel in Iron and Steel Enterprises”. Unit energy consumption in the artificial block ore production process: The net energy consumption per ton of artificial block ore produced in this process during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption in the artificial block ore production process (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Net energy consumption in this process (tons of standard coal) / Output volume of artificial block ore (tons) × 1000. Explanation: The net energy consumption in this process includes coke powder and coal powder used in material preparation, fuel oil and gas used for ignition and baking (including the gas consumed in drying operations to maintain stable moisture levels), as well as electricity used in production; external supply amounts are deducted from this figure. Unit energy consumption in the ironmaking process: refers to the net energy consumption per ton of pig iron produced during the reporting period in the ironmaking process. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption in the iron smelting process (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Net energy consumption in the iron smelting process (tons of standard coal) / Output of qualified pig iron (tons) × 1000. Unit energy consumption for the integrated converter steelmaking process: Refers to the net energy consumption required to produce each ton of steel via the converter steelmaking process during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption for the overall converter steelmaking process (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Net energy consumption in the overall converter steelmaking process (tons of standard coal) / Amount of qualified steel produced by the converter (tons) × 1000. Explanation: The overall converter steelmaking process refers to the entire steelmaking sequence from the arrival of raw materials at the plant until the production of ingots, continuous casting billets, and liquid steel for casting; it includes processes such as pre-treatment of molten iron, conversion smelting, secondary metallurgy (refining), continuous casting and ingot finishing, as well as the delivery of the finished products. Unit energy consumption for the electric arc furnace steelmaking process: refers to the net energy consumption per ton of electric arc furnace steel produced in this process during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption for the electric furnace steelmaking process (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Net energy consumption in the electric furnace steelmaking process (tons of standard coal) / Qualified output of steel produced by the electric furnace (tons) × 1000. Explanation: The electric furnace steelmaking process refers to the entire steelmaking sequence from the arrival of raw materials at the plant to the delivery of ingots, continuous casting billets, and liquid steel for casting. This includes preheating and processing of scrap metal, baking and drying of raw materials (including secondary baking of lime, drying of refractory materials and powdered materials, baking of ferroalloys, etc.), electric furnace melting (including melting, furnace cleaning, slag protection, etc.), secondary metallurgy (off-furnace refining, off-furnace treatment, etc.), as well as continuous casting and ingot finishing. Total power consumption for electric arc furnace steelmaking: refers to the net power consumption per ton of electric arc furnace steel produced in the overall process of electric arc furnace steelmaking during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Comprehensive power consumption for electric arc furnace steelmaking (kWh/ton) = Net comprehensive power consumption for electric arc furnace steelmaking (10,000 kWh) / Qualified output of steel produced by electric arc furnaces (tons) × 10,000. Explanation of the calculation: It is the same as the \"unit energy consumption for the comprehensive processes of electric arc furnace steelmaking\". Unit energy consumption in steel processing: refers to the net energy consumption required to produce each ton of the company’s final steel products during the reporting period in the steel processing stage. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption per ton of steel in processing (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = Net energy consumption in steel processing (tons of standard coal) / Final output volume of qualified steel products from the enterprise (tons) × 1000. Explanation: The steel processing steps include various stages of steel production such as hot rolling, cold rolling, welding, and coating. Electricity consumption in steel processing: refers to the net electricity consumption in the steel processing process to produce each ton of the company’s final steel products during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Electricity consumption in steel processing (kWh/ton) = Net electricity consumption in steel processing (10,000 kWh) / Final output of qualified steel products by the enterprise (tons) × 10,000. Explanation: The electricity consumption in steel processing refers to the total amount of electricity used in the steel production process, including electricity used for systems such as heat treatment, compressed air, nitrogen, steam, hydrogen, and cooling water; however, it does not include electricity used for major repairs or non-production purposes. Unit energy consumption in the electric furnace ferroalloy process: refers to the net energy consumption required to produce one ton of final ferroalloy products in this process during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption per unit of ferroalloy produced in the electric furnace process (kilograms of standard coal per standard ton) = Net energy consumption in the electric furnace ferroalloy process (tons of standard coal) / Final qualified output of ferroalloy from the electric furnace process (standard tons) × 1000. Electricity consumption for ferroalloy production in electric furnaces refers to the total amount of electricity used to produce each ton of ferroalloy during the reporting period. Calculation formula: Electricity consumption for the production of electric furnace ferroalloys (kWh per standard ton) = Total electricity consumption in the production process of electric furnace ferroalloy products (10,000 kWh) / Qualified output volume of electric furnace ferroalloys (standard tons) × 10,000. Explanation: The total electricity consumption in the production process includes the electricity used during the manufacturing of the products as well as the electricity required for cleaning the furnaces; the unit of measurement is 10,000 kWh. Coking (25) Energy consumption per unit in the coking process: refers to the net amount of energy consumed to produce each ton of coke during the reporting period in the coking process. Calculation formula: Unit energy consumption in the coking process (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = Net energy consumption in the coking process (tons of standard coal) / Total amount of qualified coke produced (on a dry basis) (tons) × 1000. Explanation of the calculation: 1. The net energy consumption in the coking process refers to all forms of energy consumed by various components of the coking production system, including the coal preparation area (excluding coal washing), losses of raw coal within the plant, the coking workshop, the recovery workshops (for condensing exhaust gas, ammonia recovery, crude benzene extraction, desulfurization and decyanidation), as well as auxiliary production systems such as those for machinery maintenance, testing, measurement, and environmental protection. It also includes energy used by supporting facilities that serve production directly, such as cafeterias, bathhouses, health stations, rest rooms, and production management and scheduling systems. This figure takes into account any waste heat, secondary energy, or excess energy that is recovered and reused or supplied externally. The unit of measurement is tons of standard coal. The calculation formula is as follows: Net energy consumption in the coking process = Standard coal equivalent of raw coal + Standard coal equivalent of energy used – Standard coal equivalent of coking products supplied externally – Standard coal equivalent of waste heat recovered and supplied externally – Standard coal equivalent of recycled secondary energy supplied externally – Standard coal equivalent of excess energy utilized and supplied externally. 2. The raw coal refers to the amount of washed and refined coal fed into the coke oven ； The amount of coking products supplied externally refers to the quantity of coke, coke oven gas, coal tar, crude benzene, etc., supplied to other factories (workshops) ； Power refers to various types of heating gases (blast furnace gas, producer gas, coke oven gas, etc.), electricity, steam, nitrogen, compressed air, process water, and various fuels ； The amount of waste heat recovered and supplied externally, such as the quantity of steam supplied to external factories (workshops) and the electricity supplied for the dry quenching process. Notes on the steel industry: 1. Steel industry production refers to the mining and processing of ferrous metal minerals such as iron, chromium, and manganese, the production of synthetic agglomerates, the smelting of ferroalloys, iron production, steel production, steel processing, wire and its products, coke, refractory materials, carbon products, as well as transportation, mechanical maintenance, power supply, and other services that support steel industry production. 2. The amount of energy consumed internally in the enterprise’s steel industry production refers to the total amount of various energies directly used in steel production during the reporting period, as well as the energies actually consumed by the auxiliary production systems and those subsidiary production systems that serve steel production directly. It does not include the energy consumed in non-steel production activities nor the energy exported. The amount of energy consumed within a company’s steel production process = Amount of energy purchased by the company + Starting inventory – Ending inventory – Energy consumed in non-steel production activities – Energy exported = Total energy used in various aspects of the company’s steel production + Energy losses incurred by the company. 3. The amount of energy exported by a company refers to the purchased energy, secondary energy, waste fuels, and waste heat that the company sells to others. Energy consumption for domestic use outside the factory – such as that of service companies, hospitals, schools, staff canteens, etc. – as well as that of construction units stationed on site and non-industrial production units with independent accounting – can all be treated as energy for external sales, provided there is evidence to support it. 4. The quantity of qualified products produced in a certain production process refers to the actual number of products manufactured by that process within a given period, that have completed the entire production process for that process (without necessarily having completed the entire production process of the enterprise), and that meet the quality requirements. This includes products processed on order by the buyer, but does not include products manufactured through outsourcing. 5. The net energy consumption per process refers to the total amount of energy used in the production process of a particular process within a company (such as iron ore mining, iron ore processing, agglomerated ore production, iron smelting, steelmaking, steel processing, ferroalloy production, as well as the production of steel wires and their products, coke, refractory materials, and carbon products). This includes all types of energy consumed by the main production systems, auxiliary production systems, and those systems that serve directly the production process. Net energy consumption per process = Total energy consumption within the process – Total amount of energy supplied from outside the process. 6. In the calculation of energy consumption per unit for various processes in the steel industry, the consumption of energy-consuming substances is also taken into account, including water, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, steam, and compressed air. 7. In the steel industry, various energy conversion factors into standard coal are used when calculating the energy consumption per unit of production. The conversion factor for electricity is 0.1229 kilograms of standard coal per kilowatt-hour, as specified by the Statistics Bureau; steam is converted using its thermal equivalent, resulting in a factor of 0.03412 kilograms of standard coal per million joules ； Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, water, and compressed air, converted based on their equivalent heat content (kilograms of standard coal per kilogram or cubic meter) ； The conversion factors for other energy-consuming media (including thermal energy) are calculated based on actual measured values where available; if no such values are available, they are calculated using the reference coefficients for standard coal published by the **Statistics Bureau (see attachment). 8. Equivalent heat refers to the amount of heat consumed in the production process to obtain one unit of energy (or substance). The equivalent heat value of compressed air is given by: Equivalent heat value of compressed air (kilograms of standard coal per cubic meter) = Energy consumed in producing compressed air (tons of standard coal) / Volume of compressed air produced (cubic meters) × 1000. For copper smelting (33), the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of crude copper is calculated as follows: Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of crude copper (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = 1000 × Total energy consumed in producing crude copper (tons of standard coal) / Output of crude copper (tons). The term \"total energy consumed in producing crude copper\" refers to the total amount of energy used in processing copper ore to obtain crude copper. Base item: The output of crude copper refers to the amount that meets the quality standards and is suitable for storage. Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of copper smelting: Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of copper smelting (kilograms of standard coal per ton) = 1000 × Total energy consumption in various steps of copper smelting (tons of standard coal) / Output of cathode copper (tons). Sub-item: Total energy consumption in various steps of copper smelting refers to the total amount of energy consumed in the process from processing materials such as copper ore to producing cathode copper. Base item: The output of cathode copper represents the amount that meets the quality standards and is suitable for storage. Specific consumption of direct current power for copper electrolysis: Specific consumption of direct current power for copper electrolysis (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Direct current energy consumed in the production of cathode copper (10,000 kWh) / Output of cathode copper (tons). Sub-item: The direct current energy consumed in the production of cathode copper includes losses in the wiring as well as the energy used in the anode plates. Base item: The output of cathode copper represents the amount that meets the quality standards and is suitable for storage. Rolling processing of common non-ferrous metals (33): Electricity consumption per ton of copper processed products = Electricity consumption per ton of copper processed products (kWh/ton) = 10,000 × Total electricity consumption for copper processing (10,000 kWh) / Output of copper products delivered in accordance with specifications (tons). Sub-item: The total electricity consumption for copper processing includes the electricity used by copper processing production plants (workshops), auxiliary plants (workshops), and affiliated units ； Including the proportionally allocated line loss electricity. It does not include the electricity consumed by copper deep-processing products, infrastructure, or electricity supplied to other units. Base item: The output of qualified copper materials delivered for use includes the amount used internally, but does not include the output of products that have undergone further processing. Energy consumption per ton of processed copper: Energy consumption per ton of processed copper (kilograms of standard coal/ton) = 1000 × total energy consumption for processed copper (tons of standard) / output of qualified copper products delivered (tons). Sub-item: The total energy consumption for processed copper includes the energy used in copper processing as well as in auxiliary and supporting units; any energy losses should also be included in the total consumption amount. It does not include the energy consumption for deeply processed products, as well as energy used for infrastructure construction and renovation, and energy allocated for other purposes. The unit of measurement is tons of standard coal. Base item: Output of qualified copper materials delivered to the warehouse; the explanation is as above. Thermal power generation (44) Standard coal consumption for thermal power generation: Standard coal consumption for thermal power generation (grams of standard coal/kWh) = 100 × Amount of standard coal used in power generation (tons of standard coal) / Power generation volume (10,000 kWh). Sub-item: The amount of standard coal used in power generation refers to the amount of raw coal, fuel oil, gas, and other fuels consumed in power generation, converted into terms of standard coal. The standard coal consumption for power generation does not include the fuel used for the following purposes: 1. Fuel consumption for drying, heating up, and running the equipment at no load after it has been newly installed or after major repairs ； 2. Fuel consumption during the load testing period of the new equipment before it is put into production ； 3. Fuel consumption for planned major overhauls, infrastructure construction, and modification projects ； 4. Fuel consumed by the generator when operating in phase-regulation mode ； 5. Fuel consumed by self-owned locomotives, ships, etc ； 6. Fuel consumed by step-up and step-down transformers (excluding plant service transformers), wave converters, synchronous condensers, etc ； 7. Fuel for repair shops, garages, side businesses, comprehensive utilization facilities, collective enterprises, external supply purposes, and non-production uses (canteens, dormitories, kindergartens, schools, hospitals, service companies, offices, etc.). When a power generation enterprise supplies heat to external parties, the amount of standard coal used for power generation is calculated as follows: Amount of standard coal used for power generation = Amount of standard coal used for both power generation and heat supply – Amount of standard coal used for heat supply. The calculation of the “amount of standard coal used for heat supply” varies depending on the method of heat supply: 1. When heat is supplied by steam turbines: Amount of standard coal used for heat supply (tons) = Amount of standard coal used for both power generation and heat supply × 2. When heat is supplied directly by boilers: Amount of standard coal used for heat supply (tons) = Amount of standard coal equivalent to the heat generated by the boiler (tons) / Boiler efficiency. The base figure is the amount of electricity generated through thermal power generation; this refers to the electricity produced by thermal power plants during the reporting period, minus the electricity generated during the trial operation period. Standard coal consumption for power generation: Standard coal consumption for power generation (grams of standard coal/kWh) = 100 × Amount of standard coal used in power generation (tons of standard coal) / (10,000 kWh). Sub-item: The amount of standard coal used in power generation is specified in the sub-items related to standard coal consumption for power generation. Numerator: Thermal power generation – Plant electricity consumption. The thermal power generation volume is specified in the description of item 1. The plant electricity consumption includes the power used for driving the plant, lighting, ventilation, heating, and routine maintenance, as well as the electricity required for excitation. It also covers the electricity consumption of external oil transfer pipelines, circulation pipelines, and ash removal pipelines – systems that are part of the plant’s assets and for which the plant is responsible for their operation and maintenance. The plant electricity consumption includes both the electricity generated by the plant itself for its own production needs, and the electricity purchased for use as power for the plant. The plant electricity consumption does not include the following types of power usage: 1. The electricity required for drying, heating up, and running equipment at no load after the installation of new equipment or after major repairs ； 2. Electricity consumption during the load testing period of the new equipment before it is put into production ； 3. Electricity consumption for planned major repairs, infrastructure work, and construction of modifications ； 4. Power consumed by the generator when operating in phase-regulation mode ； 5. Electricity consumed by self-owned locomotives, ships, etc ； 6. Power consumed by step-up and step-down transformers (excluding plant service transformers), wave converters, synchronous condensers, etc ； 7. Electricity for repair shops, garages, sideline activities, comprehensive utilization, collective enterprises, external supply, and non-production purposes (canteens, dormitories, kindergartens, schools, hospitals, service companies, offices, etc.). Power consumption rate of power plants: Power consumption rate of power plants (%) = Power consumption by power plants (10,000 kWh) / Total electricity generated (10,000 kWh) × 100%. Sub-item: Power consumption by power plants; the explanation is the same as above. Head term: Power generation; the explanation is the same as above. Average operating hours of power generation equipment: Average operating hours of power generation equipment (hours) = Electricity generated (10,000 kWh) / Average capacity of power generation equipment (10,000 kW). Sub-item: Details on electricity generated are provided in the explanation for the main item 1. Numerator: The average capacity of power generation equipment refers to the capacity of the generator set, calculated on a calendar-day basis over the reporting period. If there are no changes in the number of generator sets during the reporting period, then the average capacity of the power generation equipment is equal to the capacity of such equipment at the end of the period ； If there are additions or reductions in the generator sets (due to demolition, retirement, or scrapping), the average capacity of the power generation equipment should be calculated as follows: Average capacity of power generation equipment during the reporting period = ∑(Capacity of each generator set × Number of hours that unit contributed to the plant’s power generation during the reporting period) / Total calendar hours during the reporting period. It can also be calculated using the following formula: Average capacity of power generation equipment during the reporting period = Initial capacity of power generation equipment + Average capacity of newly added equipment during the period – Average capacity of equipment removed during the period. Average capacity of newly added equipment during the period = ∑(Capacity of newly added generator sets during the reporting period × Number of calendar hours from the time those units came online until the end of the reporting period) / Total calendar hours during the reporting period. Average capacity of equipment removed during the period = ∑(Capacity of equipment removed during the reporting period × Number of calendar hours from the time approval for demolition or scrapping was given until the end of the reporting period) / Total calendar hours during the reporting period. Appendix 1: Method for calculating comparable energy consumption per ton of steel in steel enterprises. Process, Unit, Unit energy consumption, Tons of standard coal per ton of product: (1) Steel ratio or iron ratio, Tons of product per ton of steel (iron); (2) Components of comparable energy consumption, Tons of standard coal per ton of steel = (1) × (2). Notes: Coking – A = Amount of coke used in sintering, pelletizing, and ironmaking / Converted total iron output. A•a is a coefficient for converting to an iron ratio, and it is only used in the calculation of energy consumption indicators. Sintering – B = Amount of sinter used / Converted total iron output. B•b. Pelletizing – C = Amount of pellets used / Converted total iron output. C•c. Ironmaking – D = Energy consumption in the ironmaking process / Converted total iron output. D1 = Energy consumption in the ironmaking process / Total iron output. E = A•a + B•b + C•c + D. e: Amount of pig iron consumed per ton of steel. E•e. D: Energy consumption per unit of converted total iron in the ironmaking process ； D1: Energy consumption per unit of total iron in the iron smelting process ； E: Energy consumption per ton of iron produced by the enterprise ； Converters, electric furnaces, other types of furnaces, continuous casting: F1, F2, F3, F4; f1: steel production rate for converters, f2: steel production rate for electric furnaces, f3: steel production rate for other types of furnaces, F4: steel production rate for continuous casting (f1 + f2 + f3 = 1). F = F1•f1 + F2•f2 + F3•f3 + F4•f4. The energy consumption associated with continuous casting falls under the steelmaking process. Rolling: G: energy consumption per unit of primary rolling; M = total energy consumed in primary rolling / (amount of ingots used in primary rolling + amount of continuous casting billets + amount of ingots used to produce finished products directly). The amount of continuous casting billets refers to the quantity of such billets consumed by the enterprise to produce finished products directly ； When special steel companies transform ingots into finished products, the forged steel components produced can be treated as finished products directly ； ••—Amount of continuous casting billets → Energy consumed per unit of finished product → Energy consumed in primary rolling; Amount of continuous casting billets → Energy consumed per unit of finished product → Yield of steel billets after primary rolling → Rolled products: H = Energy consumed for rolling / Total steel output of the enterprise; h: Overall yield of converting steel into finished products by the enterprise; H•h. Locomotives: I = Energy consumed for transportation / Steel output of the enterprise. Gas processing and transportation: J = Energy consumed for gas processing and transportation / Steel output of the enterprise. Energy deficit of the enterprise: K = Amount of energy deficit of the enterprise / Steel output of the enterprise. Comparable energy consumption per ton of steel for the enterprise: L = E•e + F + M + H•h + I + J + K. Appendix 2: Reference coefficients for converting various types of energy into standard coal. Energy source name, Average lower heating value, Coefficient for conversion to standard coal: Raw coal: 5000 kcal/kg, 0.7143 kg of standard coal/kg; Cleaned coal: 6300 kcal/kg, 0.9000 kg of standard coal/kg; Other types of cleaned coal: 2000 kcal/kg, 0.2857 kg of standard coal/kg; Coal slurry: 2000–3000 kcal/kg, 0.2857–0.4286 kg of standard coal/kg; Coke: 6800 kcal/kg, 0.9714 kg of standard coal/kg; Crude oil: 10000 kcal/kg, 1.4286 kg of standard coal/kg; Fuel oil: 10000 kcal/kg, 1.4286 kg of standard coal/kg; Gasoline: 10300 kcal/kg, 1.4714 kg of standard coal/kg; Kerosene: 10300 kcal/kg, 1.4714 kg of standard coal/kg; Diesel: 10200 kcal/kg, 1.4571 kg of standard coal/kg; Liquefied petroleum gas: 12000 kcal/kg, 1.7143 kg of standard coal/kg; Dry gas from refineries: 11000 kcal/kg, 1.5714 kg of standard coal/kg; Natural gas: 7700–9310 kcal/m³, 1.1–1.3300 kg of standard coal/m³; Coke oven gas: 4000–4300 kcal/m³, 0.5714–0.6143 kg of standard coal/m³; Other types of gas: Gas generated through chemical processes: 1250 kcal/m³, 0.1786 kg of standard coal/m³; Gas produced by catalytic cracking of heavy oil: 4600 kcal/m³, 0.6571 kg of standard coal/m³; Gas produced by thermal cracking of heavy oil: 8500 kcal/m³, 1.2143 kg of standard coal/m³; Gas produced from coke: 3900 kcal/m³, 0.5571 kg of standard coal/m³; Gas produced by pressure carbonylation: 3600 kcal/m³, 0.5143 kg of standard coal/m³; Water gas: 2500 kcal/m³, 0.3571 kg of standard coal/m³; Coal tar: 8000 kcal/kg, 1.1429 kg of standard coal/kg; Crude benzene: 10000 kcal/kg, 1.4286 kg of standard coal/kg; Thermal energy (equivalent): 0.03412 kg of standard coal per million joules; Electrical energy (equivalent): 860 kcal/kWh, 0.1229 kg of standard coal/kWh. Note: The average lower heating value in this table is given in kcal. To convert it to joules, multiply by 4.1816.