butyl ester azeotrope
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Butyl acetate, butanol, and water form a ternary azeotrope; in the butyl acetate production process, this azeotrope needs to be eliminated in order to obtain butyl acetate products of higher purity.
Taking advantage of the property of butyl acetate, butanol, and water to form azeotropes, benzene was added to butanol and subjected to distillation. At 64.9°C, the ternary azeotrope of benzene, water, and butanol was vaporized; excess benzene formed a binary azeotrope with butanol at 68.3°C and was also vaporized, with butyl acetate being vaporized last. This method is widely used in industry.
A third substance, Sa, is introduced as an extractant. It seems there is now a production method called reactive distillation.