Seeking physical property parameters of toluene

This physical property parameter is related to pressure and temperature; it can be found in organic reference books. The Prandtl number, on the other hand, is calculated based on these parameters. I’m not sure whether it can be found in manuals

Pr=Cp*μ/λ. Use Aspen, PROII, or HYSYS to simulate a stream, determine the corresponding physical properties at a certain temperature and pressure, and then use Excel to create a formula so that you can prepare a table yourself. Formulas can also be written in simulation software to carry out the calculations.

Safety Data Sheet for Toluene Author: Anonymous Source: Original content of this website Views: 2074 Last updated: 2007-11-24 14:58:07 | [Font: Small Large] I. Identification Chinese name: Toluene English names: methylenzene; toluene Molecular formula: C7H8 Relative molecular mass: 92.14 CAS number: 108-88-3 Hazard category: Category 3.2 – Flammable liquids with a medium flash point Chemical category: Aromatic hydrocarbons II. Main components and properties Main component: Pure substance Appearance and properties: Colorless and transparent liquid with an aromatic odor similar to that of benzene. Primary uses: It is used to modify the composition of gasoline and serves as a key raw material for producing toluene derivatives, **, dye intermediates, pharmaceuticals, etc. 3. Health hazards: Routes of exposure: inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption. Health hazards: It is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, and has an **effect on the central nervous system. Acute poisoning: Inhaling high concentrations of this substance over a short period of time can cause significant irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, congestion of the conjunctiva and throat, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, weakness in the limbs, unsteady gait, and confusion. In severe cases, restlessness, seizures, and coma may occur. Chronic poisoning: Prolonged exposure can lead to neurasthenia syndrome, hepatomegaly, abnormal menstruation in female workers, as well as dry skin, chapping, and dermatitis. IV. First aid measures: Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly wash the skin with soapy water and clean water. Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move the affected person to an area with fresh air and keep the airways unobstructed. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. Ingestion ； Drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention. 5. Flammability and Fire Fighting Properties: Flammability: Flammable. Flash point (°C): 4. Lower explosion limit (%): 1.2. Upper explosion limit (%): 7.0. Ignition temperature (°C): 535. Minimum ignition energy (mJ): 2.5. Maximum explosion pressure (MPa): 0.666. Hazardous properties: Flammable; its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can catch fire and explode in the presence of open flames or high heat, and reacts violently with oxidizing agents. Too high a flow rate can easily generate and accumulate static electricity. Its vapor is heavier than air, allowing it to spread over considerable distances at lower levels; it can catch fire and reignite when exposed to an open flame. Fire extinguishing method: Spray water to cool the container; if possible, move the container away from the fire to an open area. If a container in a fire has changed color or sounds are coming from its safety pressure relief device, it must be evacuated immediately. Fire extinguishing agents: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Using water to extinguish the fire is ineffective. Emergency response to leaks: Quickly evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to a safe zone, isolate it, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the source of fire. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protection clothing. Avoid contact with flammable materials. Seal off the source of leakage as much as possible to prevent it from entering confined spaces such as sewers and drainage ditches. Minor leaks: Absorb with activated carbon or other inert materials. It can also be brushed with an emulsion made from non-flammable dispersants; the cleaning solution, after being diluted, is then discharged into the wastewater system. Massive leakage: Build dikes or dig pits to contain it ； Cover with foam to reduce vapor damage. Transfer to a tank truck or specialized collector using an explosion-proof pump, and recycle it or transport it to a waste disposal facility for disposal. 7. Storage and Transportation Precautions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. The temperature inside the warehouse should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from flames and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from oxidizers. The lighting, ventilation, and other facilities in the warehouse should be of explosion-proof type, with switches located outside the warehouse. Equip with appropriate types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The stacking of barrels should not be too excessive; space must be left from the walls, ceiling, and columns, as well as necessary fire inspection passageways. Fire and explosion prevention measures must be in place during storage in tanks. The use of mechanical equipment and tools that may generate sparks is prohibited. When filling, attention should be paid to the flow rate (not exceeding 3 m/s), and a grounding device should be in place to prevent static electricity buildup. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories. 8. Protective Measures and Workshop Hygiene Standards: China’s MAC (mg/m3): 100; Former Soviet Union’s MAC (mg/m3): 50. United States’ TLV-TWA: OSHA 200 ppm, 754 mg/m3; ACGIH 50 ppm, 188 mg/m3. United States’ TLV-STEL: No standard established. Engineering controls: Enclose the production process and improve ventilation. Respiratory protection: When the concentration in the air is above the permissible level, wear a self-priming filter-type gas mask (half-mask). In emergency rescue or evacuation operations, an air respirator or oxygen respirator should be used. Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles. Body protection: Wear protective clothing resistant to toxic substance penetration. Hand protection: Wear latex gloves. Others: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After use, wash thoroughly; store clothes contaminated with toxins separately, and reuse them only after washing. Maintain good hygiene* habits. 9. Physical and chemical properties: Melting point (°C): -94.9; Boiling point (°C): 110.6; Relative density (water=1): 0.87; Relative density (air=1): 3.14; Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 4.89 (30°C); Logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.69; Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): 3905.0; Critical temperature (°C): 318.6; Critical pressure (MPa): 4.11; Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, alcohols, ethers, and most other organic solvents. 10 Stability and Reactivity Stability: Stable Polymerization hazard: Does not polymerize Conditions to be avoided: Contraindications: Strong oxidizing agents Combustion (decomposition) products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide 11 Toxicological Data Acute toxicity: LD50 5000 mg/kg (oral, rats) ； 12124 mg/kg (oral, in mice); LC50: 20003 mg/m3 (oral, in mice). Irritation: In humans, 300 ppm causes irritation. Rabbit dermal: 500 mg, moderate irritation. Subacute and chronic toxicity: Rats and guinea pigs exposed via inhalation at 390 mg/m3. 8 hours/day, 90–127 days, causing changes in the hematopoietic system and solid organs. 12. Environmental and ecological data: This substance poses serious threats to the environment; it can contaminate the air, water bodies, and water sources. Special attention should be paid to fish and mammals. It can be oxidized and degraded by organisms and microorganisms. 13. Disposal: Refer to ** and relevant local regulations prior to disposal. Dispose of it using controlled combustion. 14. Transport Information: Hazard Code: 32052; UN Number: 1294; Packaging Classification: II; Packaging Mark: 7; Packaging Method: Steel drum with small opening ； Glass bottles with threaded mouths, glass bottles sealed with iron caps, plastic bottles, or metal drums (tanks), packed in wooden crates. 15. Regulatory Information: Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (issued by the State Council on February 17, 1987) ； Regulations such as the Detailed Rules for the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (No. 677 issued by the Ministry of Chemicals and Labor), and the Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in Workplaces (No. 423 issued by the Ministry of Labor), set out corresponding rules regarding the safe use, production, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazardous materials ； The Classification and Labelling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB13690-92) classifies this substance as a flammable liquid with a flash point in Category 3.2.

There are specific formulas for calculating the Prandtl number, and the parameters in these formulas are related to both temperature and pressure, which the original poster needs to take into account.

Thank you all for your help! Excuse me, on the third floor: in the formula, is μ the dynamic viscosity and λ the thermal conductivity? If so, I checked it with dichloromethane, and the formula is incorrect. I’m not sure if there is any authoritative book that contains a list of Tolman numbers.