Safety Assessment Report of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

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Table of Contents Safety Assessment Report Part Chapter 1 Preparation Instructions…………………………………………3 Section 1 Evaluation Purpose……………………………………………………3 Section 2 Evaluation Basis……………………………………………………4 Chapter 2 Overview of the Evaluated Unit……………………………………………………7 Section 1 Basic Situation……………………………………………………7 Section 2 Production Technology, Devices, Storage Facilities…………………11 Chapter 3 Safety Assessment Scope, Procedures, Methods…………………13 Chapter 4 Analysis Results of Hazardous and Harmful Factors………………………………14 Section 1 Identification of Major Hazard Sources………………………………14 Section 1 Identification of Hazardous and Harmful Factors…………………………………………15 Chapter 5 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Safety Assessment Results…………………………………………19 Section 1 Qualitative Analysis of Safety Assessment Results………………19 Section 2 Quantitative Analysis of Safety Assessment Results………………21 Section 3 Evaluation Results of Safety Production Conditions of Hazardous Chemical Manufacturing Enterprises…………21 Chapter 6 Countermeasures and Suggestions………………………………25 Section 1 Measures and Suggestions………………………………25 Section 2 Rectification Opinions and Review………………………………26 Chapter 7 Safety Assessment Conclusions…………………………………………28 Annexes to the Report Annex 1 Analysis Process of Hazardous and Harmful Factors…………………………………………31 Annex 2 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Process………………………………34 1. Qualitative analysis process (safety checklist analysis)…………………………34 2. Quantitative analysis process (fuzzy evaluation method)………………………………40 Annex 3 Introduction to the production process……………………………………41 Annex 4 Introduction and selection of safety evaluation methods………………………………42 Attachment 5 rectification opinion letter………………………………45 Annex 6 Analysis of the consequences of leakage of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid………………………………46 A total of 48 pages of safety evaluation report. Chapter 1 Preparation Instructions Section 1 Evaluation Purpose Safety evaluation is an important part of modern safety management work. It is the application of the principles and methods of modern safety system engineering and safety control theory to find, analyze and predict the hazards and harmful factors in projects and systems, as well as the possible dangers and consequences and extent of hazards. It also proposes reasonable and feasible countermeasures to guide hazard source monitoring and accident prevention to achieve the lowest accident rate, minimum losses and optimal safety investment benefits. This safety assessment was conducted based on the production process, materials used and produced, main equipment and operating conditions provided by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Its main purpose is to: 1. Implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first", predict and analyze the safety of production facilities, equipment and devices, and ensure that production devices meet the safety requirements in terms of production * * Relevant laws, standards and regulations. 2. The system discovers defects in the production, storage, and transportation of hazardous chemicals of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., discovers potential dangers and hazardous factors in production processes, equipment, facilities, operating environments, etc., and analyzes and predicts possible accidents and hazards. 3. Conduct qualitative, quantitative evaluation and scientific analysis of the inherent dangers and harmful factors in the production process of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., and evaluate their control methods. Targetedly propose preventive measures and control strategies to eliminate, prevent or reduce risks in the production process, and promote enterprises to achieve intrinsically safe production. 4. Establish the optimal solution for system security to provide a basis for safety production supervision and management departments and enterprises to achieve safety management. Section 2 Evaluation Basis 1. Relevant laws, regulations and documents based on "Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" * * host * Order No. 70 (2002) "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" * * host * Order No. 4 (1998) "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" * * host * Order No. 60 (2002) "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" * * host * Order No. 22 (1989) "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" State Council Order No. 344 (2002) "Regulations on Safety Production Licenses" State Council Order No. 397 (2004) "Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment" State Council Order No. 373 (2003) "Regulations on Labor Protection in Workplaces Using Toxic Substances" State Council Order No. 352 (2002) "Implementation Measures for Safety Production Licenses for Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" * * Work Safety Administration Order No. 10 (2004) "Guidelines for Safety Assessment of Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" * * Work Safety Supervision Bureau Safety and Supervision Hazardous Chemicals No. 127 (2004) "List of Hazardous Chemicals" (2002 Edition) "List of Highly Toxic Chemicals" (2002 Edition) "Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemical Accidents" * * Work Safety Administration Bureau of Safety Supervision and Hazardous Chemicals No. 43 (2004) "Safety Regulations for Explosion Hazardous Places" Ministry of Labor issued No. 56 (1995) "Warehouse Fire Safety Management Rules" Ministry of Public Security Order No. 6 (1990) "Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued No. 154 (1999) "Pressure Pipeline Safety Management and Supervision Regulations" Ministry of Labor issued No. 140 (1996) 2. Main technical standards, specifications and procedures based on "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2001 Edition) GBJ16-87 "Code for Design of Fire Protection for Petrochemical Enterprises" (1999 Edition) GB50160-92 "Identification of Major Hazard Sources" GB18218-2000 "Code for Design of Electrical Equipment in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Environments" GB50058-92 "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Devices in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Environments" GB50257-96 "General requirements for safety and health in the production process" GB12801-91 "Design specifications for occupational safety and health for petrochemical enterprises" SH3047-93 "Design regulations for occupational safety and health for chemical enterprises" HG20571-95 "General rules for the storage of commonly used chemical dangerous goods" GB15603-1995 "Technical conditions for storage and maintenance of flammable and explosive commodities" GB17914-1999 "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Corrosive Commodities" GB17915-1999 "Design Specifications for Monitoring and Alarming of Combustible and Toxic Gases in Petrochemical Enterprises" SH3063-1999 "Design Hygiene Standards for Industrial Enterprises" GBZ1-2002 "Occupational Exposure Limits for Harmful Factors in the Workplace" GBZ2-2002 "Design Specifications for Configuration of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings" (1997 Edition) GB140-90 "Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings" (2000 edition) GB50057-94 "Safety Regulations for Railway and Road Transportation within Industrial Enterprises" GB4387-94 "Identification Colors, Identification Symbols and Safety Markings of Industrial Pipelines" GB7231-2003 3. Other basis Other information provided by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. for the preparation of the "Safety Assessment Report". Chapter 2 Overview of the Evaluated Unit Section 1 Basic Situation 1. Introduction to the Unit Enterprise Name: English name of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.: CHING SHIHANG CHEMICAL INDUSTRY (SHANGHAI) CO.,LTD Legal Representative: Chen Jianfu’s unit address: No. 129 Qujiang Road, Longwu Industrial Zone, Minhang District, Shanghai Postal Code: 200241 Contact number: 86-21-64501216 Fax: 86-21-64504997 Corporate website: www.greenonsh.com Industry: 262——Name of fertilizer manufacturing product: Agricultural potassium sulfate and industrial hydrochloric acid establishment time: 1994.12.31 Number of employees: 68 Number of people working with hazardous chemicals: 5 Total fixed assets: 46.37 million yuan registration type: 21——Joint venture (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-funded) business license number: 00000002200108230027 Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is a 100% joint venture invested by Taiwan Qingshang Chemical Factory Co., Ltd. It was legally registered in Longwu Industrial Development Zone, Minhang District, Shanghai on December 30, 1994. The company's total investment is US$8.4 million and its registered capital is US$6 million. The factory was officially put into operation on October 28, 1996. It adopts the internationally advanced Mannheim process technology and specializes in the production and sales of potassium sulfate and hydrochloric acid. The annual production scale is 40,000 tons of potassium sulfate and 50,000 tons of hydrochloric acid. Taiwan Qingshang Corporation has a history of 30 years since its establishment. It specializes in the development, production and sales of potassium sulfate. It has accumulated profound professional experience and enjoys a high reputation in the industry. Qingshang Corporation has invested in mainland China since 1993 and established a group company with its headquarters in Shanghai. It has established more than ten wholly-owned and joint ventures in Tianjin, Shanghai, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Zhuzhou and other places with a total investment of US$80 million. So far, its potassium sulfate production capacity has reached 350,000 tons/year. In fact, Qingshang Chemical Co., Ltd. has become the largest potassium sulfate production plant in Asia and the third largest in the world. The company's leading product, potassium sulfate, is mainly used in the cultivation of chlorine-resistant crops such as tobacco, citrus, watermelon, tea and other economic crops. At present, my country has the largest consumption of potassium sulfate in the world. * * , the annual demand is about 1 million tons. However, in the early 1990s, my country did not have a potassium sulfate plant with industrial production scale, and the demand for potassium sulfate fertilizer completely relied on imports. Qingshang Chemical's investment in mainland China has changed this situation. Currently, Qingshang Chemical Group has been able to replace 30% of imports, providing * * A large amount of foreign exchange was saved and the contradiction between supply and demand was alleviated. Qingshang Group Company plans to expand its production to an annual potassium sulfate output of 600,000 tons in the next three years, which will basically meet the needs of the market. The by-product hydrochloric acid is an important chemical raw material and is widely used in chemical, light industry and other industries. In addition, in order to reduce production costs, the company started the localization development of imported equipment in 1996, and in 1998 installed domestic potassium sulfate production equipment and put it into normal production. 2. Introduction to the surrounding environment. It is adjacent to the village where rural residents live in the east, separated by a fence, and about 115 meters away from the workshop. ； It is adjacent to Zhujing Road in the south and opposite Shanghai Canaan Thermal Power Plant. ； It is adjacent to Shanghai Fuli Chemical Co., Ltd. in the west and has a 16-meter fence. ； It is adjacent to Qujiang Road in the north and opposite Shanghai Beiling Co., Ltd. Qujiang Road is 20 meters wide and greened. 3. General layout Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. covers an area of ​​approximately 27146.8㎡ and a construction area of ​​approximately 4746.87㎡. The general layout plan (see attachment). 4. Labor quota and working hour system Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. currently has 68 employees, including 5 who work with hazardous chemicals. The production workshop implements an 8-hour work system, continuous production, and the operation mode is four shifts and three operations. 5. Fire-fighting facilities Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. fire-fighting equipment inspection record sheet. Serial number Use department Placement area type number Status Remarks 1 South guard dry powder of General Affairs Department 01 √ 2 pieces 2 Garage dry powder 02 √ 2 pieces 3 Canteen dry powder 03 √ 2 pieces 4 (top) Office building carbon dioxide foam 04 √ 4 pieces 5 (bottom) Office building carbon dioxide 05 √ 4 6 North guard dry powder 06 × 2 pieces 2 pieces 7 Factory affairs department heavy oil tank carbon dioxide foam 07 × 1 piece 4 pieces 8 Bottom floor workshop: Southwest carbon dioxide foam 08 × 1 only 2 only 9 Central and northern carbon dioxide foam 09 × 2 only 4 only 10 Central and southern carbon dioxide foam 10 × 2 only 2 only 11 Second floor workshop: Southwest carbon dioxide foam 11 × 1 only 2 only 12 Northwest carbon dioxide 12 × 3 only 3 only 13 Central and northern 1 carbon dioxide 13 Northeast carbon dioxide 16 × 4 pieces 4 pieces 17 Power distribution room dry powder 17 √ 4 pieces 18 Laboratory dry powder 18 × 1 piece 2 pieces 19 Finance department old warehouse: West carbon dioxide 19 × 1 piece 2 pieces 20 Old warehouse: Medium carbon dioxide 20 √ 2 pieces 21 Old warehouse: East carbon dioxide foam 21 × 3 pieces 4 pieces 22 Hardware warehouse carbon dioxide foam 22 × 1 piece 4 pieces 23 Large warehouse carbon dioxide foam 23 × 6 pieces 6 pieces 24 Large warehouse fire hydrant 24 × 2 sets 2 sets 25 Factory affairs department sulfuric acid tank fire hydrant 25 × 1 box 26 Hydrochloric acid tank fire hydrant 26 × 1 box 27 Office building fire hydrant 27 2 tons 32 Finance Department Small Warehouse Speaker 32 √ 1 Section 2 Production Process, Devices, Storage Facilities 1. Introduction to Potassium Sulfate Production and Filling Process Qingshang Chemical mainly adopts the Mannheim process, which uses potassium chloride and sulfuric acid to react to generate potassium sulfate and by-product hydrochloric acid. Potassium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid react in a high-temperature reactor to generate potassium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas. Potassium chloride is transported from the warehouse to the potassium chloride injection tank via rails and steel cable cranes, and is added to the reactor at a dosage of 750~1500R/min through a quantitative filling spiral. When the moisture content in potassium chloride is too high, it must be dried in advance, and the iron filings and debris in the potassium chloride are separated with magnets. Concentrated sulfuric acid is transported from the sulfuric acid storage tank to the storage barrel through a pump, quantified by a flow meter, and enters the reactor at a dosage of 600~1000R/min. The reactor adopts a suspension furnace, and the stirrer and scraper in the furnace are made of strong acid and high heat resistant materials. The reactor is equipped with two sets of combustion systems. During the production process, the temperature at the top of the reactor is 800~900 (the upper and lower deviation is less than 25°C), and the temperature in the middle is 490~540°C. The air comes from the induced draft fan (air supply speed 1000~1350R/min), and the air enters the burner through the reheater The heated hot air passes through the suspension furnace and then below the suspension furnace to the reheater, where it is removed by a special high-heat blower. The raw materials potassium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid are added from the top of the reactor. After entering the center of the sealed furnace, they are mixed by a stirrer and react at high temperature to generate semi-finished potassium sulfate. This product then enters the cooler from the reaction furnace. The semi-finished potassium sulfate contains excess free sulfuric acid, so stone powder needs to be added to the coarse-grained potassium sulfate semi-finished product to neutralize the sulfuric acid. The neutralized potassium sulfate is transported to the finished product storage barrel through belt conveyors, screens, pulverizers, conveyors, screws, and elevators. Iron filings contained in the product are removed using the magnet attached to the device. The HCL gas produced by the reaction has an initial temperature of 400-1500°C and is sent to an inclined vertical high-heat blower by a heat-resistant exhaust fan at a speed of 1450-1750 R/min. The hydrochloric acid is sent to the discharge tower and other facilities through a non-permeable carbon cooler, scrubber, absorption tower, exhaust fan. The sulfuric acid contained in the hydrochloric acid is circulated and washed in the tower. After washing, the content of sulfide ions in the hydrochloric acid is controlled at 1%-10%. See the attachment for production and process flow charts. 2. Basic situation of production equipment and storage facilities. The company currently has several sets of suspension furnaces. The storage facilities include 2 sulfuric acid tanks, 12 hydrochloric acid tanks, and 2 heavy oil storage tanks, all with a height of more than 8 meters. Chapter 3 Safety Assessment Scope, Procedures and Methods 1. Safety Assessment Scope This assessment only focuses on the production conditions, production process, storage process, transportation process, personnel and equipment, fire protection and electrical facilities, labor hygiene and personal protection, operating environment, labor safety and safety management within the production area of ​​Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Labor safety mainly includes: Fire and explosion protection, storage of hazardous chemicals, special operations, machinery, electrical equipment, safety signs, intra-factory transportation, etc. Occupational hygiene mainly includes: Working environment, staffing, working hours system, personal protection, etc. Safety management mainly includes: Safety management organization structure, safety management system, job operating procedures, etc. 2. Evaluation Procedure According to the requirements of the "Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" (Trial) and combined with the general procedural requirements for safety evaluation work, the safety status evaluation procedure of this project includes: Prepare ； Hazard identification ； Safety evaluation ； (Risk) Control ； in conclusion. The details of its safety evaluation procedure are shown in Figure 3. 3. Evaluation method The safety evaluation method is a tool for analyzing and evaluating the risk factors and harmful factors of the system and their degree of danger and harm. The principles, objectives, application conditions, applicable evaluation objects, and workload of each evaluation method are different. The sulfuric acid used by this company and the by-product hydrochloric acid are very dangerous, but considering * * The standards and procedures issued for hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are relatively complete. Based on the hazardous characteristics and production characteristics of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, it is planned to use the safety checklist method and fuzzy evaluation method for evaluation. An introduction to safety assessment methods and selection instructions are provided in the attachment. Figure 3-1: Safety Assessment Work Procedure Chart Chapter 4 Analysis Results of Hazardous and Harmful Factors Section 1 Identification of Major Hazard Sources The hazardous substance included in the "Identification of Major Hazard Sources" (GB18218-2000) standard of the company is hydrogen chloride. The critical amount is shown in Table 4-1-1. Table 4-1-1: Critical amount of hazardous substances Name of hazardous substances stipulated in GB18218 Critical amount (t) Hydrogen chloride in storage area of ​​production site 20 50 The actual reserves of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid of the company are shown in Table 4-1-2 Table 4-1-2: Actual reserves of hazardous substances column number 1 3 4 5 Serial number Chemical hazardous substances production/requirement (tons/year) Maximum reserves (tons) Product name Chemical name 1 Industrial hydrochloric acid 31% HCL 81013 48,015 2 Concentrated sulfuric acid 98% H2SO4 81007 23,610 The by-product produced by this enterprise is hydrochloric acid, but during the production process, hydrogen chloride needs to be absorbed through an absorption tower to obtain hydrochloric acid. Although the amount of hydrogen chloride in the absorption tower cannot be known, it can be calculated based on the company's maximum storage capacity of hydrochloric acid of 1,500 tons. Then the HCL contained in it is 1500×31%=465 tons, and it can be considered that the HCL during production is 465 tons. According to the identification of major hazard sources GB 18218-2000, it can be known: The HCL produced and stored by this enterprise has constituted a major source of danger. Please see the attachment for the identification basis. Section 2 Identification of Hazardous and Harmful Factors According to the "List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002 Edition)", the main hazardous and hazardous substances involved in this project are hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, as shown in Table 4-2. The basic properties of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are shown in the attachment. Table 4-2: Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in the "List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002 Edition)". Category 8 Corrosives Item 1 Acidic Corrosive Dangerous Goods Number Name Alias ​​UN Number 81013 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid 1789 81007 Sulfuric Acid None 1830 1. Hazard Analysis of Major Hazardous Chemical Substances It can be seen from the physical and chemical properties of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid (attached table): (1) Hydrochloric acid: It has a pungent sour smell and can react with some active metal powders to release hydrogen. In contact with cyanide, highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas can be produced. Neutralization reaction occurs with alkali, and a large amount of heat is released, which is highly corrosive. Contact with its vapor or smoke can cause acute poisoning, conjunctivitis, burning sensation in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, nose and gum bleeding, tracheitis, etc. Mistaken use can cause gastrointestinal burning, ulcer formation, and may cause gastric perforation, peritonitis, etc. Eye and skin contact can cause burns. Long-term exposure can cause chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, tooth erosion and skin damage. (2) Sulfuric acid: It has strong irritating and corrosive effects on skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. Steam or mist can cause conjunctivitis, conjunctival edema, corneal opacity, and even blindness ； It can cause respiratory tract irritation, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing and pulmonary edema may result in suffocation and death. Causes gastrointestinal burns and ulcer formation after oral administration ； Severe cases may have gastric perforation, peritonitis, kidney damage, shock, etc. Skin burns may cause erythema in mild cases, or ulcers in severe cases. After healing, scars shrink and affect function. Splashing into the eyes can cause burns, even corneal perforation, panphthalmia and even blindness. Has been classified as a carcinogen. 2. Risk analysis of the production process can easily cause fire, leakage, poisoning, mechanical damage, and noise damage. 3. Risk analysis of the storage process can easily cause fire, leakage, mechanical damage, and electrical damage. This enterprise has set up hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid reservoirs, and the reserves are shown in Table 4-2. The risk analysis of the warehouse is as follows:: Table 4-2: Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid storage warehouse storage table column number 1 3 4 5 Serial number Chemical hazard regulation number Production/requirement (tons/year) Maximum reserve (tons) Trade name Chemical name 1 Industrial hydrochloric acid 31% HCL 81013 48,001,500 2 Concentrated sulfuric acid 98% H2SO4 81007 23,600 1,000 (1) In case of leakage, lightning, concentrated sulfuric acid may cause fire hazard. (2) If a fire occurs, it will be more difficult to extinguish the fire because concentrated sulfuric acid cannot be extinguished with water. (3) If leakage occurs, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid will volatilize, which may easily lead to inhalation poisoning. 4. Risk analysis during transportation can easily cause leakage and poisoning injuries. Overview: Through the production, storage, loading, unloading and transportation process of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, as well as the physical and chemical properties and hazard analysis of the main hazardous substances (see attachment), the company mainly has the following five dangerous and harmful factors. 1. Fire 98% concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant, and the reaction 2KCl+H2SO4(concentrated)===K2SO4+2HCl ↑ is an exothermic reaction, generating a lot of heat. During the production process, the temperature at the top of the reactor can reach a maximum of 800°C to 900°C. If leakage occurs, it may cause a fire. 2. Poisoning: If exposed to the vapor or smoke of hydrochloric acid, acute poisoning may occur, including conjunctivitis, burning sensation in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, bleeding in the nose and gums, tracheitis, etc. If exposed to sulfuric acid vapor or smoke, it will have strong irritating and corrosive effects on skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. Steam or mist can cause conjunctivitis, conjunctival edema, corneal opacity, and even blindness ； It can cause respiratory tract irritation, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing and pulmonary edema may result in suffocation and death. Causes gastrointestinal burns and ulcer formation after oral administration ； Severe cases may have gastric perforation, peritonitis, kidney damage, shock, etc. 3. Electrical damage (1) Lightning damage: Plants, equipment, and power distribution devices are all at risk of being struck by lightning, which may lead to fires, explosions, equipment damage, and electric shock injuries to personnel. (2) Leakage damage: Shanghai is subject to rain, humidity, and high temperatures in summer. It is easy to cause problems due to defects in electrical equipment, incomplete safety measures, or illegal operations. * Electric shock accident. 4. Mechanical damage: Rotating equipment, handling, equipment inspection and maintenance are prone to mechanical injuries. 5. Noise injuries. The enterprise has many noisy equipments. If workers working under the noisy equipments do not have anti-noise facilities or personal noise protection equipment, they may work too long and easily cause injuries. * It can cause occupational hearing loss and damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems of workers. Please see the attachment for the detailed on-site inspection report. 6. High temperature damage based on * * According to health standards, when the outdoor temperature in summer is ≥33°C, the temperature in the workplace should not be higher than the outdoor temperature of 2°C in summer ventilation. Otherwise, it will cause discomfort to the human body and cause heat stroke. See attachment for details. Chapter 5 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Safety Assessment Results Section 1 Qualitative Analysis of Safety Assessment Results According to relevant requirements such as the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", "Guidelines for Safety Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals Production Enterprises", "Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemical Accidents", a safety assessment checklist was prepared to conduct a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the enterprise's safety management, personnel quality, basic conditions, pressure vessels and pipelines, production process control, labor hygiene and personal protection, fire protection facilities and electrical equipment, boiler management, warehousing and transportation, etc. See the attachment for the on-site inspection content, fact records and inspection results. Inspection results and main existing problems 1. Safety management Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has established a safety production management organization, equipped with corresponding safety production management personnel, and established various levels of safety production responsibility systems, safety management systems, operating procedures for each position, and accident emergency rescue plans. (See attached table) 2. Personnel quality All employees of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. have participated in corresponding professional and job training, and have held certificates to work as required. (Certificate omitted) 3. Basic conditions The building structure and production facilities of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. basically comply with the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (2001 Edition) and related standards. (See attached table) 4. Pressure vessels and pipelines Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. can basically follow the "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations", "Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" and other relevant regulations in the use of pressure vessels and pipelines. However, the pressure vessel technical files and safety management rules and regulations need to be further improved. The main problems are:: The pressure gauge of the hydrogen chloride filling system has not been regularly inspected. (See attached table) 5. Production process control Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has formulated relatively standardized process flows and operating procedures for each position, and is equipped with a full-time technical person in charge with the title of engineer. The production process control basically complies with the operating procedures and relevant standard requirements (see attached table). However, management should still be strengthened and illegal operations are strictly prohibited. 6. Labor Hygiene and Personal Protection Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has formulated corresponding labor hygiene and personal protection systems, which can comply with relevant regulations such as the "Labor Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" and meet the requirements for safe production (see attached table). However, health status files should also be established for workers exposed to toxic and hazardous substances. 7. Fire-fighting facilities and electrical equipment The fire-fighting facilities and electrical equipment of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. can basically meet the requirements of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) and other relevant regulations, and have passed the fire safety inspection. However, detailed fire drill plans should be formulated, drills should be carried out regularly, and the fire department should be regularly requested to train employees on relevant fire protection knowledge. The main problem is: The measuring, weighing, monitoring and alarm instruments in the system are incomplete, and regular inspections are not carried out. 8. Storage Tank Management In terms of storage tank management, Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. can basically follow the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", "Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" and other relevant regulations, but it needs to further improve the storage tank file management and perform regular maintenance and upkeep of the storage tanks. 9. Warehousing and transportation Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has relatively complete warehousing facilities and management systems, which can meet the requirements of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) and other relevant regulations, and can carry out loading and unloading operations in accordance with the requirements of the job operating procedures. Section 2 Quantitative Analysis Safety Evaluation Results are described in Chapter 3. This quantitative analysis safety evaluation will use fuzzy evaluation method. According to the production process system provided by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (from the reaction of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid to the absorption of hydrogen chloride and potassium sulfate to storage and transportation, see the attached production process flow chart for details), safety management, casualties, safety education, production environment, safety technology, labor Based on the five evaluation factors of health, the weight distribution of each aspect is evaluated, and the evaluation sub-factors and their weight distribution are considered. Combined with the evaluation situation, the total system score f=65.385 is obtained through quantitative calculation, so the safety situation of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is "medium". (See attachment for specific calculation process) Section 3 Evaluation Results of Safety Production Conditions of Hazardous Chemicals Production Enterprises According to Articles 5 to 16 of the "Implementation Measures for Safety Production Licenses of Hazardous Chemicals Production Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Measures") [i.e., Article 24 of the "Safety Production License Examination" (hereinafter referred to as the "Review")], combined with the actual on-site inspection of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., the "Implementation Measures for Safety Production Licenses of Hazardous Chemicals Production Enterprises" safety production conditions special inspection form (see Appendix 2-1: ) conducted a comparative analysis one by one, and the following evaluation results were obtained:: 1. The enterprise has established safety production responsibility systems at all levels and complies with regulations. 2. Established a safety production management system including various accident management including safety production education, safety production inspection, safety production maintenance, warehouse safety management, fire and explosion safety management, safety device and protective equipment management, etc., in compliance with the provisions of Article 5.2.12. 3. Prepared operating procedures for each position and complied with the provisions of Article 5.3. 4. The enterprise has made corresponding safety investments in safety education and training, labor protection supplies, safety facilities, etc., which meets the requirements for safe production and complies with the provisions of Article 5.4. 5. The enterprise has established a special production safety leadership group and is equipped with full-time safety management personnel, which complies with the provisions of Article 5.5. 6. The main person in charge of the enterprise and the production safety management personnel have participated in relevant safety training, and after passing the assessment, they have obtained the qualification certificate issued by the Work Safety Supervision Administration, in compliance with the provisions of Article 5.6. 7. Employees engaged in gas cylinder filling, dangerous goods transportation and escorting, compressed gas chemical analysis, pressure vessel operation and management, etc. have all passed the assessment by relevant departments and obtained special operation and management qualification certificates, complying with the provisions of Article 5.7. 8. Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. implements a safety production education and training system for new employees and transferred personnel first, and then takes up the job, which is in compliance with the provisions of Article 5.8. 9. The relevant procedures for employees of this enterprise to participate in work-related injury social insurance and pay insurance premiums are in progress, and are basically in compliance with the provisions of Article 5.9. 10. Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is an enterprise in the 1990s. The production and storage of hazardous chemicals comply with the regulations of GB50030-91 and meet the requirements of urban layout and planning in Article 5.10. 11. The production and storage of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid by this enterprise are in the area specially used for the production and storage of hazardous chemicals by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., which meets the requirements of Article 5.11. 12. Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has major hazard sources, but its fire separation distance and safe distance from the external perimeter comply with Article 5.12 and the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) and other relevant laws, regulations, rules and standards. 13. The factory buildings, workplaces, safety facilities, equipment, and processes comply with Article 5.13 and the provisions of the "Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) and other relevant laws, regulations, rules and standards. 14. The processes and equipment used by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are commonly used in the same industry across the country and comply with the provisions of Article 5.14. 15. The business is surrounded by physical walls and complies with Article 5.15. 16. The perimeter protection distance of hazardous chemical production equipment and storage facilities complies with the provisions of Sections 4 and 8 of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition), and complies with the provisions of Article 5.16. 17. The enterprise is equipped with emergency rescue equipment and equipment (see Table 2-3), which complies with the provisions of Article 5.24. 18. The enterprise has distributed occupational hazard protection and labor protection supplies in accordance with regulations. Comply with the provisions of Article 5.18. 19. In order to prevent accidents from occurring during the production process, Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has prepared an accident emergency rescue plan, formulated the areas and focus of emergency prevention, divided the levels of accidents and the basic principles, basic tasks and basic procedures of emergency rescue. Comply with the provisions of Article 5.21. 20. Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. established an accident emergency rescue headquarters and clarified the emergency rescue organization and organization. * Division of personnel and responsibilities, and information on alarm and communication contact information ； Measures to be taken after an accident ； emergency evacuation, evacuation ； Isolation of danger zones ； Detection, rescue, rescue and control measures ； On-site rescue, treatment and hospital treatment for injured persons ； Site protection and site decontamination ； Emergency rescue guarantee ； Plan decomposition response conditions ； Accident Emergency Rescue Termination Procedure ； emergency training plan ； The drill plan, etc. are all clearly stated and comply with the provisions of Article 5.22. Chapter 6 Countermeasures and Suggestions Section 1 Measures and Suggestions Through on-site investigation and evaluation analysis of the production equipment of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, standards and industry safety technical specifications, and by comparing the inspection contents of the safety evaluation checklist with the company's production safety management system and safety technical operating procedures for each device and process, the institute proposes the following measures and suggestions for the safety hazards discovered during the evaluation process: 1. The "Accident Emergency Rescue Plan" should be further improved, a detailed drill plan should be formulated, drills should be conducted regularly, and the fire department should be regularly requested to conduct fire safety inspections and relevant fire protection knowledge training for enterprises. 2. The basic conditions within the enterprise should be further improved: If safety signs are added ； Increase the height of the suction duct ； Install qualified drainage pipes, etc. 3. The design, manufacture, installation, use, repair and modification of pressure vessels must strictly comply with the requirements of the "Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" No. 154 of the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and improve the pressure vessel technical files and safety management rules and regulations. 4. The measuring, weighing, monitoring and alarm instruments equipped in the production equipment should be complete, sensitive and reliable, and should be regularly calibrated and labeled as required. 5. Storage tanks should strictly follow the requirements of the "Storage Tank Safety Supervision Regulations", file and submit for inspection, and complete filling inspection records. 6. It is strictly prohibited to fill with stamps and color markings that do not comply with regulations. ； The medium in the hydrogen chloride absorption tower is uncertain ； Attachment is unqualified ； Exceeded inspection period ； Has cosmetic defects ； There is oil stain on it. 7. Full and empty bottles containing hydrochloric acid should be placed separately with obvious warning signs. All cylinders should have complete accessories and obvious color signs. 8. There should be obvious safety signs on the transportation vehicles, complete "three certificates", and strict compliance with the regulations on the loading, unloading and transportation of hazardous chemicals. 9. The concentration of hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid in the workshop operating environment should be regularly monitored and comply with the "Hygienic Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises" ； Establish health status files for workers exposed to toxic and hazardous substances. 10. The enterprise's lightning arresters, equipment and electrostatic grounding devices of pipelines must be regularly tested, and maintenance work such as anti-corrosion and rust removal of lightning protection facilities must be carried out. 11. Leakage should be prevented during the production of hydrochloric acid, and the flow rate must be controlled during the filling process to prevent accidents caused by static electricity. Matters that are prone to safety accidents in hydrochloric acid filling, such as overpressure, fire sources, heat sources, oil stains, leaks, etc., should be strictly inspected to prevent illegal operations. 12. Based on the production characteristics of hydrochloric acid and potassium sulfate, further improve various safety management systems and job safety operating procedures, strengthen employee training, and do basic management work such as training records and production records. 13. Strictly manage the environment around the enterprise to prevent dangerous objects from entering, such as: Vehicles, fire, various hazardous chemicals, etc. Section 2 Rectification Opinions and Review 1. Rectification Opinions Through the on-site investigation of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., I put forward the following rectification opinions in response to the safety hazards discovered during the evaluation process.: 1. Carefully revise the "Accident Emergency Rescue Plan" and formulate and implement a drill plan. 2. Add safety signs ； Increase the height of the suction duct ； Install a qualified drain pipe. 3. Set up the filling system pressure gauge according to regulations and conduct regular inspections. 4. Set up the measuring, weighing, monitoring and alarm instruments in the system according to regulations, and conduct regular inspections. 5. Some cylinder accessories are incomplete and should be provided. 6. Transport vehicles should go through "three certificates" and other procedures. 2. Review of the rectification situation (virtual! ) During this evaluation process, I went to Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. many times for on-site investigation and on-site guidance. On August 1, 2005, I conducted the last rectification review of the company. The review status is as follows: 1. The "Accident Emergency Rescue Plan" has been carefully revised and a drill plan has been formulated. 2. Add safety signs ； Increase the height of the suction duct and discharge duct as required and guide them to a safe place. 3. The hydrogen chloride absorption tower system pressure gauge was installed as required, and an inspection report was provided. 4. A designated person inspected the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid storage tanks, and some accessories were still incomplete. 5. Completed the "three certificates" and other procedures for transport vehicles. Corresponding rectification plans have also been made for some projects that are temporarily inconvenient to rectify. Chapter 7 Evaluation Conclusion Commissioned by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., the evaluation team of 11 safety engineering students from the Department of Environmental Energy, Shanghai Institute of Technology * * For relevant laws, regulations, standards and information provided by the client, refer to the "Implementation Measures for Production Licenses of Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" ( * * In accordance with the requirements stipulated in Articles 5 to 16 of Order No. 10 of the Work Safety Administration, a safety status assessment was conducted on Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. By using the safety checklist method and fuzzy evaluation method, a comprehensive safety evaluation of the company's safe production conditions was conducted, and the comprehensive evaluation results were obtained.: The safety production conditions of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. comply with the safety production conditions stipulated in the "Production License Implementation Measures for Hazardous Chemicals Production Enterprises", including Articles 5.1 to 5.24. That is, Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has a series of standard specifications for hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen chloride gas, combined with the production characteristics of this enterprise, the conclusions are as follows: 1. Establish safety production responsibility systems at all levels. 2. Established safety production management systems including various accident management including safety production education, safety production inspection, safety production maintenance, etc., warehouse safety management, fire and explosion safety management, safety device and protective equipment management, etc. 3. Prepare operating procedures for each position. 4. Make corresponding safety investments in safety education and training, labor protection supplies, safety facilities, etc. 5. A special production safety leadership group has been established and equipped with full-time safety management personnel. 6. The main person in charge of the enterprise and the production safety management personnel have participated in relevant safety training, and after passing the assessment, they have obtained the qualification certificate issued by the Provincial Work Safety Supervision and Administration Bureau. 7. Employees engaged in dangerous goods transportation and escort, compressed gas chemical analysis, pressure vessel operation and management, etc. have all passed the assessment of relevant departments and obtained special operation and management qualification certificates. 8. Implement the system of safety production education and training for new employees and transferred personnel first, and then take up the job. 9. The relevant procedures for employees’ work-related injury social insurance and payment of insurance premiums are being processed. 10. The production and storage of hazardous chemicals shall comply with the provisions of GB50030-91 and the requirements of urban layout and planning. 11. Hazardous chemicals are produced and stored in the area dedicated to the production and storage of hazardous chemicals by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., which meets the requirements. 12. The enterprise has major sources of danger. 13. Factory buildings, workplaces, safety facilities, equipment, and processes comply with relevant laws, regulations, rules, and standards. 14. The production processes and equipment used by Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are those commonly used in the same industry. 15. The business is surrounded by a physical fence. 16. The perimeter protection distance of hazardous chemical production equipment and storage facilities complies with the provisions of Sections 4 and 8 of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition). 17. The enterprise has distributed occupational hazard protection and labor protection supplies in accordance with regulations. 18. Prepare an accident emergency rescue plan, formulate the areas and focus of emergency prevention, divide the levels of accidents and the basic principles, basic tasks and basic procedures of emergency rescue. 19. Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. established an accident emergency rescue headquarters and clarified the emergency rescue organization structure and organization. * Division of personnel and responsibilities, and information on alarm and communication contact information ； Measures to be taken after an accident ； emergency evacuation, evacuation ； Isolation of danger zones ； Detection, rescue, rescue and control measures ； On-site rescue, treatment and hospital treatment for injured persons ； Site protection and site decontamination ； Emergency rescue guarantee ； Plan decomposition response conditions ； Accident Emergency Rescue Termination Procedure ； emergency training plan ； The drill plan, etc. are all clearly stated. 20. Equipped with emergency rescue equipment and equipment. Regarding the safety hazards discovered during the evaluation process and the rectification suggestions I put forward, I hope that Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. will make corresponding rectifications to achieve intrinsic safety. Evaluation conclusion: According to the safety assessment results, Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. meets various production safety conditions stipulated in the "Implementation Measures for Safety Production Licenses for Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises". Annex 1 of the Annex to the July 2005 Report: Analysis Process of Hazardous and Harmful Factors (Physical and Chemical Properties of Main Hazardous Chemical Substances) 1. Chinese name of hydrochloric acid label: English name of hydrochloric acid: hydrochloric acid molecular formula: HCL molecular weight: 36.5 UN number: 1789 Danger number: 81013 RTECS No.: CAS number: 7647-01-0 Physical and chemical properties: Colorless or slightly yellow fuming liquid with a pungent sour smell. Solubility: Miscible with water, soluble in alkali solution Melting point (°C): -114.8 (pure) boiling point (℃): 108.6 (20%) Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 30.66 (21℃) Heat of combustion (kj/mol): Meaningless critical temperature (℃): 51.4 Relative density (water=1): 1.20 Critical pressure (MPa): 8.16 Relative density (air=1): 1.26 Combustion and explosion hazards Flammability: Non-combustible combustion decomposition products: No flash point (℃): meaningless aggregation hazards: Non-polymerization explosion limit (V%): meaningless stability: Stable ignition temperature (℃): meaningless taboo: Hazardous properties of alkalis, amines, alkali metals, flammable or combustible substances: Can react with some active metal powders to release hydrogen. In contact with cyanide, highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas can be produced. Neutralization reaction occurs with alkali, and a large amount of heat is released, which is highly corrosive. Toxicity LD50 LC50 Harm to the human body Exposure to its vapor or smoke can cause acute poisoning, conjunctivitis, burning sensation in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, nose and gum bleeding, tracheitis, etc. Mistaken use can cause gastrointestinal burning, ulcer formation, and may cause gastric perforation, peritonitis, etc. Eye and skin contact can cause burns. Chronic effects: Long-term exposure can cause chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, tooth erosion and skin damage. First aid Skin contact: Immediately take off contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention for eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention for inhalation: Leave the scene quickly to fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, administer artificial intelligence immediately Breathing. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and give milk or egg white to those who accidentally ingest it. Medical protective engineering controls: Close the operation and pay attention to ventilation. Mechanize and automate as much as possible. Provide safe showers and eyewash equipment. Respiratory system protection: When you may be exposed to its smoke, wear an automatic filtering gas mask (full face mask) or air respirator. When rescuing or evacuating in an emergency, wear a respirator. Eye protection: Respiratory system protection has been included. Body protection: Wear rubber acid and alkali resistant clothing. Hand protection: Wear rubber acid and alkali resistant gloves. Other protection: Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site. Shower and change clothes after work. Store poison-contaminated clothes separately and wash them for later use. Maintain good hygiene. * Emergency treatment of conventional leakage: quickly evacuate personnel in the leaked contaminated area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure respirators and acid-proof and alkali-proof overalls. Do not come into direct contact with the leakage. Cut off the source of the leakage as much as possible. Prevent entry into sewers and floods. Restricted spaces such as ditches. For small leaks: mix with sand, dry lime or soda ash. You can also wash with a large amount of water, dilute the washing water and put it into the wastewater system. For large leaks: build a dike or dig a pit to contain it; use a pump to transfer it to a tanker or a special collector, and recycle or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal. Storage and transportation: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse. They should be stored separately from alkalis, metal powders, halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine), flammable or combustible materials, etc. Do not mix for storage and transportation. When handling, load and unload with care to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Pay attention to personal protection during packaging and handling operations. Transport according to prescribed routes. 2. Chinese name of sulfuric acid label: English name of sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid molecular formula: H2SO4 molecular weight: 98.08 UN number: 1830 Danger number: 81007 RTEC number: WS560000 CAS number: 7664-93-9 Physical and chemical properties: The pure product is a colorless and transparent oily liquid with odorless solubility.: Melting point of miscibility with water (℃): 10.5 Boiling point (℃) 330 Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 0.13 (145.8℃) Heat of combustion (kj/mol): Meaningless critical temperature (℃): Relative density (water=1): 1.83 Critical pressure (MPa): Relative density (air=1): 3.4 Combustion and explosion hazards Flammability: combustion decomposition products: Sulfur oxide flash point (℃): meaningless aggregation hazards: Non-polymerization explosion limit (V%): meaningless stability: Stable auto-ignition temperature (℃): meaningless taboo: Alkalis, alkali metals, water, strengthening agents, flammable or combustible fire extinguishing methods: It releases a lot of heat when exposed to water and may boil and splash. Contact with combustibles and organic matter will cause violent reactions and even cause combustion. It will explode or burn if it reacts violently with calcium carbide, perchlorate, fulminate, picrate, metal powder, etc. Strongly corrosive and water absorbent. toxic exposure limits: ChinaPC-TWA: 1mg/m3PC-STEL: 2mg/m3 American TLV-TWA (ACGIH): 1mg/m3 STEL (ACGIH): 3mg/m3 Harm to the human body It has strong irritating and corrosive effects on skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. Steam or mist can cause conjunctivitis, conjunctival edema, corneal opacity, and even blindness ； It can cause respiratory tract irritation, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing and pulmonary edema may result in suffocation and death. Causes gastrointestinal burns and ulcer formation after oral administration ； Severe cases may have gastric perforation, peritonitis, kidney damage, shock, etc. Skin burns may cause erythema in mild cases, or ulcers in severe cases. After healing, scars shrink and affect function. Splashing into the eyes can cause burns, even corneal perforation, panphthalmia and even blindness. Has been classified as a carcinogen. First aid skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing immediately and rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention for eye contact: Immediately lift your eyes and face, rinse thoroughly with plenty of running water or saline for 15 minutes, and seek medical attention. inhalation: Leave the scene quickly and get to fresh air. Keep your airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Medical protection engineering control: Close operation and pay attention to ventilation. Mechanize and automate as much as possible. Safety showers and eyewash facilities are provided. Respiratory and eye protection: Wear a self-priming filter gas mask (full face) or air respirator when you may be exposed to its fumes. During emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear a supplied-air respirator. body protection: Wear rubber acid and alkali resistant clothing and gloves. In case of leakage, personnel in the leaked contaminated area should be quickly evacuated to a safe area, isolated, and access strictly restricted. It is recommended that emergency responders wear air-supplied respirators and acid- and alkali-proof overalls. Do not come into direct contact with the leakage and cut off the source of the leakage as much as possible. Prevent entry into sewers, flood ditches, etc. small leak: Sprinkle soda ash on the ground, then rinse it with plenty of water, dilute it and put it into the wastewater system to avoid large leaks: Build dikes or dig pits for containment ； Use a pump to transfer it to a tanker or special collector, and recycle or transport it to a waste collector. Storage and transportation: Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse. It should be stored separately from flammable or combustible materials, alkali, metal powder, halogen, etc. Mixed storage and transportation are not allowed. Pay attention to personal protective accessories when packaging and handling. 2. Qualitative and quantitative analysis process 1. Qualitative analysis process (safety checklist analysis) Appendix 2-1: "Implementation Measures for Safety Production Licenses for Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" Special Checklist for Safety Production Conditions Inspection Contents Inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (Explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. There is a sound production safety responsibility system. It is the responsibility system in Article 5 of the "Implementation Measures" 2. Have complete safety production rules and regulations. It is the same as above. There are rules and regulations. 3. There are safety procedures that comply with safety regulations. It is the same as above and there are safety regulations. 4. Safety investment meets the requirements of safe production. It is basically in compliance with the requirements of Article 6 of the "Implementation Measures" 5. It has production safety management institutions and managers that meet the requirements. It is Article 7 of the "Implementation Measures" that there are management agencies and managers. 6. The main person in charge of hazardous chemicals production enterprises and safety production management personnel must undergo training on safety production knowledge and management capabilities by an institution with training qualifications. After passing the assessment, the Provincial Work Safety Supervision Administration will issue a qualification certificate. It is Article 8 of the "Implementation Measures". After assessment and training, a qualification certificate is obtained. 7. Special operations personnel must pass the assessment of the relevant business authorities and obtain a special operation qualification certificate. It is Article 9 of the "Implementation Measures" that all employees must obtain an operation certificate. 8. Other practitioners shall follow the * * Relevant regulations, safety education and training and passing the assessment. It meets the requirements of Article 10 of the "Implementation Measures" 9. Participate in work-related injury social insurance in accordance with the law. It is Article 11 of the "Implementation Measures" which is under processing. 10. The production and storage of hazardous chemicals comply with * * and provincial planning and layout. It is Article 12.1 of the "Implementation Measures" that complies with the provisions of GB50030-91. 11. Hazardous chemicals are produced and stored in areas planned by districted cities specifically for the production and storage of hazardous chemicals. It is Article 12.2 of the "Implementation Measures" that complies with the provisions of GB50030-91. 12. The protective distance between major hazardous source storage facilities and the surroundings complies with regulations. It is a major hazard source in Article 12.3 of the "Implementation Measures" 13. The factory buildings, working places, safety facilities, equipment, and processes comply with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations, rules, and standards. It is Article 12.4 of the "Implementation Measures" that complies with the provisions of GB50030-91 14. It shall not be adopted and used. * * Techniques and equipment that are explicitly eliminated and prohibited from use. It is the "Implementation Measures" Article 12.5 Use commonly used processes and equipment. 15. Workshops and warehouses that produce and store hazardous chemicals must not be in the same building as employee dormitories, and must maintain a stipulated safe distance from employee dormitories. It is Article 12.6 of the "Implementation Measures" that complies with the safety distance. 16. The perimeter protection distance of hazardous chemical production equipment and storage facilities shall comply with relevant laws, regulations, rules and standards. It is Article 12.7 of the "Implementation Measures" that complies with the provisions of GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition) 17. Construction projects with fire protection design must be accepted by the public security fire protection agency. It is the "Implementation Measures" Article 12.8 Those who have applied for fire safety licenses and have fire safety inspection opinions 18. Hazardous chemical production enterprises should have corresponding occupational hazard protection facilities and equip employees with relevant occupational hazard protection facilities. * * Or labor protection supplies specified by industry standards. It is Article 13 of the "Implementation Measures" that there are protective facilities and labor protection supplies. 19. Production enterprises should conduct safety assessments in accordance with the law. It is Article 14 of the "Implementation Measures" that the safety assessment has been basically completed. 20. Hazardous chemical production enterprises shall * * Identification of relevant standards to determine the major hazard sources of the enterprise. It is a major risk source 21. The enterprise shall comply with Article 15 of the Implementation Measures * * The "Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Rescue Cases for Hazardous Chemical Accidents" (unit version) issued by the Work Safety Supervision Bureau shall prepare or revise and improve emergency rescue plans for hazardous chemical accidents and other production accident emergency rescue plans. It is Article 16.1 of the "Implementation Measures" that contains the "Emergency Rescue Plan for Hazardous Chemical Accidents" 22. There are emergency rescue organizations or emergency rescue personnel. It is Article 16.2 of the "Implementation Measures" that there are corresponding organizations. 23. Large-scale hazardous chemical manufacturing enterprises that are far away from the local public security fire brigade should have full-time fire brigade, and other hazardous chemical manufacturing enterprises should have compulsory fire brigade according to actual needs. It is Article 16.3 of the "Implementation Measures" that small enterprises are obliged to equip fire brigade with necessary emergency rescue equipment and equipment. It is Article 16.4 of the "Implementation Measures" that is basically fully equipped. Appendix 2-2: Safety management safety checklist inspection content Inspection results are based on actual conditions (factual records) Remarks (explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. Business leaders should be familiar with * * and provincial and municipal safety production laws and regulations, and understand the production process and product standards. Be familiar with the regulations on safety management of hazardous chemicals and understand the relevant requirements. 2. Have a main leader in charge of safety and set up a full-time safety officer. It is the same as above. There are leaders in charge and full-time safety officers. 3. A complete safety management organization should be established. It is the same as above and there are corresponding documents. 4. A safety production responsibility system for all types of personnel at all levels has been formulated and a safety responsibility certificate has been signed. There are corresponding documents as above. 5. Various safety management systems should be established and improved, including: Safety production management system, fire prevention and fire management system, equipment maintenance management system, safety inspection management system, warehouse management system, janitor management system, safety education and training management system, etc. There are corresponding documents as above. 6. Safety operating procedures or work instructions for each position should be formulated. There are corresponding documents as above. 7. A "Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue Plan" should be formulated, which generally includes: Emergency response organization and responsibilities, accident types and causes, accident prevention measures, accident emergency response principles and procedures, accident alarms and reports, engineering rescue and medical rescue, drills, etc. It is the same as above and there are corresponding documents in Appendix 2-3.: Personnel Quality and Safety Checklist Inspection Contents The inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (Explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. The main person in charge of the unit and the safety management personnel have been approved by the local people at or above the county level. * * Pass the assessment of the production safety supervision and management department and obtain the qualification for employment. It is qualified under the Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals. 2. Other employees have received professional training from the unit or commissioned professional training, and have passed the assessment and obtained the qualifications for employment. All qualifications are obtained as above. 3. Pressure vessel operators and other special operations personnel should receive professional training from relevant supervision and management departments, pass the assessment, and obtain qualification certificates. All personnel who are engaged in the production, operation, storage, transportation, use of hazardous chemicals or the disposal of waste hazardous chemicals must receive training in laws, regulations, rules and safety knowledge, professional skills, occupational health protection and emergency rescue knowledge, and must pass the review before they can start working. It is the regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals. Various personnel have received relevant training. 5. There should be a full-time technical person in charge with the technical title of engineer or above (including engineer). The technical person in charge is the same as above and has the title of engineer (Appendix 2-4): The inspection content of the storage tank container and pipeline safety checklist The inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. The design, manufacture, installation, use, repair and modification of storage tank containers must strictly follow the "Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations". It is the safety technical supervision regulations for storage tanks with inspection reports. 2. Special equipment such as storage tanks, pressure pipes and lifting machinery should go through registration procedures and undergo regular inspections. Yes, there is an inspection report as above. 3. Technical files must be established for the storage tank container, and safety management rules and regulations for the storage tank container must be formulated. Yes, there are corresponding documents as above. 4. Safety valves should be installed on the storage tank container and pipelines and should be calibrated regularly. It is the same as above and there is an inspection report. 5. The filling system pressure gauge should have an accuracy of not less than level 1.5 and a disk diameter of not less than φ150mm. It must be inspected regularly. No GB50030-91 No inspection report 6. The valves, flange gaskets, brackets and laying of pipelines should comply with the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings". It is GB50030-91 and meets the requirements 7. The selection of elbows, bifurcations and reducers on pipelines should comply with the regulations of GB16912-1997. It is GB50030-91 and meets the requirements of Appendix 2-5: Production process control safety checklist inspection content Inspection results are based on actual conditions (factual records) Remarks (explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. There is a process flow chart and key process control points are marked. Yes GB50030-91 Yes 2. Operators should strictly implement the process management system and conduct production operations in accordance with operating procedures, work instructions and other process documents. This means that the operating procedures of this enterprise basically meet the requirements. 3. It is strictly prohibited for the operating pressure of the storage tank to exceed the designed working pressure. It is GB50030-91 and meets the requirements 4. Including cryogenic storage tanks and other related equipment, overpressure operation is strictly prohibited. If there is leakage in the equipment or system, it is strictly prohibited to use compression bolts. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements. 5. During the filling process of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, you should often use the method of touching the bottle wall with your hands to check whether the bottle wall temperature is normal. If there is any abnormality, stop filling immediately. The permanent bottle filling regulations basically meet the requirements. 6. Check all protective devices and safety accessories before driving. They should be in good condition, otherwise driving is strictly prohibited. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements of Appendix 2-6: Labor Hygiene and Personal Protection Safety Checklist Inspection Content Inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (Explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. Operators wear anti-static clothing and conductive shoes. It is strictly prohibited to wear chemical fiber fabrics and shoes with nails to enter the work station. The operating procedures of this enterprise basically meet the requirements. 2. Reliable measures must be taken during production and maintenance operations to strictly prevent poisoning accidents caused by hydrogen chloride, etc. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements of Appendix 2-7: Fire and electrical safety checklist inspection content The inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (explanation) Yes/Yes/No/No 1. There is a fire protection organization, a firefighting team, and regular drills are organized. The regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals have relevant systems. 2. Fire truck passages, special fire hydrants, fire water sources, fire extinguishing equipment and disaster relief facilities for handling accidents in emergencies should be set up in the factory area in accordance with the relevant provisions of GBJ16. It is GBJ16-87 (2001 edition). There are corresponding facilities. 3. Fire-fighting facilities are complete, the type and quantity of fire-extinguishing equipment meet the requirements, the setting is reasonable, and it is easy to access. It is basically in compliance with the regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals. 4. Fire-fighting equipment is managed by a dedicated person and is within the validity period. It is the Safety Management Regulations on Hazardous Chemicals 5. Set up 24-hour emergency accident alarm and fire alarm telephones. It is in compliance with the regulations on the safety management of hazardous chemicals. 6. All lightning protection and anti-static grounding devices should be tested regularly for ground resistance, at least once a year. It is GB50030-91 and has a test report. 7. The measuring, weighing, monitoring and alarm instruments of the filling station should be complete, sensitive and reliable, and should be calibrated regularly according to regulations. No GB50030-91 No test report or preparation plan has been found. 8. Safety exits should be provided between storage tanks and busbars. It is GB50030-91 and meets the requirements 9. The doors and windows of the main production room and busbar room should be opened upward. It is GB50030-91 and meets the requirements 10. The selection of instruments and meters should consider the requirements of safety, fire and explosion prevention. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements 11. The power lines and cables in the factory should be laid underground. When it needs to be overhead, it should be consistent with the overhead oxygen pipe: Bare wire 1m ； Insulated wire or cable 0.5m, cable tube with wire 0.5m ； It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements 12. The insulation of electrical lines and equipment must be good. Safety barriers, obvious warning signs and good lighting must be installed at exposed live conductors. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements 13. The metal shells of electrical equipment and devices and cables with metal shells must be protectively grounded and connected to zero. It is GB50030-91 and basically meets the requirements of Appendix 2-8: Warehousing and transportation safety checklist inspection contents The inspection results are based on the actual situation (factual record) Remarks (explanation) Yes/yes/no 1. The fire resistance level, level, site area, safety passage and fire separation of the warehouse comply with the requirements of Chapter 4 of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16 (2001 Edition), and ventilation and air conditioning comply with the requirements of Chapter 9. It is basically in compliance with the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GBJ16-87 (2001 Edition). 2. There must be no trenches or hidden passages in the warehouse. Open flames and other heat sources are strictly prohibited. Direct sunlight should be avoided and kept cool, dry and ventilated. It is the same as above and meets the requirements 3. Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid should be placed separately and clearly marked. The warehouse should be equipped with obvious warning signs such as "No Fireworks", and other debris should not be piled in the warehouse. It is the same as above and meets the requirements. 4. The warehouse is managed by dedicated personnel, an inbound and outbound ledger is established, the accounts, cards and items are consistent, and the delivery is based on the first-in, first-out principle. It is the same as above and basically meets the requirements 5. There should be obvious safety signs on the transportation vehicle and the "three certificates" are complete. No. Same as above. Incomplete 6. You must wear bottle caps and anti-shock rings, load and unload with care, and it is strictly prohibited to throw, slide, roll, or bump. It is the same as above and basically meets the requirements 7. Summer transportation should have shading facilities to avoid exposure to the sun. It basically meets the requirements 2. Quantitative analysis process (fuzzy evaluation method) (see "Fuzzy Evaluation Form for Safety Status of Qingshang Chemical Plant") 1. Fuzzy evaluation analysis and processing: 0.149, 0.447, 0.404, 0.000, 0.000 0.317, 0.412, 0.271, 0.000, 0.000 0.294, 0.353, 0.353, 0.000, 0.000 C=○ 0.157, 0.157, 0.212, 0.237, 0.237 0.333, 0.333, 0.334, 0.000, 0.000 0.125, 0.375, 0.375, 0.125, 0.000 2. Obtained by calculation: C={0.17, 0.27, 0.27, 0.16, 0.16} 3. Normalization processing: 0.17+0.27+0.27+0.16+0.16=1.03 C={0.17/1.03, 0.27/1.03, 0.27/1.03, 0.16/1.03, 0.16/1.03} C={0.166, 0.262, 0.262, 0.155, 0.155} The above formula shows that when the safety status of the system is evaluated according to five levels, the results obtained are distributed. If all levels are scored according to the percentage system (see the table below), the total score of the system can be obtained. f Score: 95 80 65 45 30 Security level good, better, medium, poor, poor 4. Find the total score of the system: f=95 * 0.166+80 * 0.262+65 * 0.262+45 * 0.155+30 * 0.155 =65.385 Conclusion: The safety situation of Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is classified as "medium". Appendix 3 Introduction to the production process 1. Reaction process: 2KCl+H2SO4(concentrated)===K2SO4+2HCl ↑ 2. Production process: 3. HCl absorption process: 4. K2SO4 processing procedures: Appendix 4 Introduction to safety assessment methods and selection instructions 1. Safety checklist method The safety checklist method is the most basic, simplest and widely used system risk assessment method in system safety engineering. In order to systematically identify unsafe factors in factories or equipment, as well as various operational management and organizations, some personnel who are familiar with the process, mechanical equipment and operating conditions, and have rich experience in safety technology and safety management will use different checklists to conduct inspections. The inspection results are expressed as "yes" and "no" to conduct a qualitative safety evaluation of the project. In accordance with State Council Order No. 344 "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" and relevant laws, regulations, standards, etc., a safety checklist was compiled for assessment, and evaluation conclusions were drawn based on the assessment results. Safety checklist has the following advantages: (1) Ability to conduct inspections according to predetermined purpose requirements, highlighting key points, avoiding omissions, and facilitating the discovery and identification of various dangers and hidden dangers. (2) Various safety checklists can be prepared for different situations to standardize safety inspections and accident analysis. ； (3) It can be used as a basis for safety inspectors to perform their duties, which is conducive to the implementation of the production safety responsibility system and the safety personnel to improve the level of on-site safety inspections. ； (4) The safety checklist is related to the vital interests of every worker. It can promote safety work to the masses, ensure that everyone is involved in safe production, and everyone participates in safety management, achieving the purpose of "group inspection and group governance." The main shortcoming of the safety checklist is that it cannot be quantitatively evaluated. 2. Identification of major hazard sources Major hazard sources refer to units that produce, process, transport, use or store hazardous substances for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of hazardous substances is equal to or exceeds the critical amount. Identification of major hazard sources is an effective means to prevent major industrial accidents. The identification of major hazard sources is based on the hazardous characteristics and quantity of substances, which are divided into two types: major hazard sources in production sites and major hazard sources in storage areas. If the amount of hazardous substances present in the unit equals or exceeds the specified critical amount, it constitutes a major hazard source. The amount of hazardous substances present in the unit is divided into two situations based on the types of substances processed.: (1) If the hazardous substances present in the unit are of a single type, then the quantity of the substance is the total amount of hazardous substances in the unit. If it is equal to or exceeds the corresponding critical amount, it is designated as a major hazard source. (2) When there are multiple types of hazardous substances in the unit, it is calculated according to the following formula. If the following formula is met, it is designated as a major hazardous source.: q1 q2 qn — + — + ……+ — ≥1 Q1 Q2 Qn where: q1, q2...qn—actual quantity t of each dangerous substance ； Q1, Q2...Qn - the critical quantity t of the production site or storage area corresponding to each hazardous substance. 3． Fuzzy evaluation method (1) Establish a comprehensive factor evaluation set V (2) Distribute the weight of each factor (3) Establish an evaluation distance matrix Ri (4) Find the evaluation distance matrix for each factor (5) Normalize processing (6) Establish a total evaluation distance matrix B (7) Find the system evaluation distance matrix C (8) Find the total score of the system (9) Combined with the following table, the evaluation results are given. 　 Score 95 80 65 45 30 Safety level Good Good Good Medium Poor Poor Attachment 5 Lightning arrester safety inspection and rectification opinion letter Unit Qingshang Chemical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Inspection date 2005.4.15 Address No. 129, Qujiang Road Rectification deadline Recent problems and rectification opinions are based on the standard GB50057-094 (2000 edition) The existing problems are as follows: 1. The cables of the office building and the heavy oil tank are tied on lightning protection belts. 2. The measures to prevent direct lightning strikes of the hydrochloric acid tank do not meet the requirements of the specifications. 3. The lead spacing of the lightning protection intermediate floor at the workshop level does not meet the requirements of the specifications. 4. The lightning protection belt of the intermediate building is broken and severely corroded. 5. The emissions at the workshop floor level are not grounded, and the cables are tied on the lightning protection belts. 6. The cooling lamps on the second phase warehouse level have no measures to prevent direct lightning strikes and are not grounded. 7. The spacing between the ground wires of the first-phase warehouse does not meet the specification requirements. 8. The low-voltage power distribution system, supplementary power supply system, and computer network system do not have lightning electromagnetic pulse protection measures. Construction project completion fire protection acceptance letter Shanghai Qingshang Chemical Co., Ltd.: Your company's warehouse, workshop, and office building projects have been accepted by our bureau and basically meet the original design requirements. The acceptance is basically qualified. The opinions are as follows: 1. Complete the formulation of various safety rules and regulations and strengthen their implementation. 2. Strengthen employee fire protection awareness education to nip problems in the bud. Opinion Letter on Fire Protection Acceptance of Construction Projects Shanghai Qingshang Chemical Co., Ltd.: Your unit submitted for review the completed fire protection acceptance application for the construction of a potassium sulfate production workshop (building area 842.67m²) at No. 129, Qujiang Road, Tangwan Town, Minhang District. After our department sent personnel for on-site inspection, it basically complied with the original design requirements and the acceptance was basically qualified. The requirements are: 1. The windows on the south side of the warehouse need to be firewalls, and the doors should be equipped with Class B fire doors. 2. Configure corresponding fire-fighting equipment in accordance with regulations. 3. Establish various fire safety systems to ensure safety. Capital construction design hygiene review opinion letter application construction project: Potassium sulfate production workshop improvement opinions: 1. Local air suction equipment should be added at the entrance and exit of the stone powder crushing section. 2. Reaction, the transportation of raw materials and finished products should be sealed, and the concentration of sulfate and hydrochloric acid in the workshop should meet the requirements. * * Hygiene standards 3. First aid flushing equipment should be added to the workshop 4. Acceptance should be carried out after completion. Attachment 6 Analysis of the consequences of leakage of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid (hydrochloric acid: Xue Wenjie sulfuric acid: Qiu Mingxuan) Basic data: Hydrochloric acid tank bottom diameter d=4m, h=10m, crack radius=0.1m Sulfuric acid tank bottom diameter d=10m, h=8m, crack radius=0.1m 1. Liquid leakage: The liquid leakage velocity can be calculated by the Bernoulli equation of fluid mechanics. The leakage velocity is: (10-1) In the formula, Q0—liquid leakage speed, kg/s; Cd—liquid leakage coefficient, selected according to Table 10-1 ； (Both take 0.50) A—crack area ； m2 (take A=0.314) ρ—density of leaked liquid, kg/m3 (hydrochloric acid ρ1=1097, sulfuric acid ρ2=1831.8) P—medium pressure in the container, Pa ； (P=P0) P0—environmental pressure, Pa ； (P=P0) g—gravitational acceleration, 9.8m/s2 (g=9.8) h—liquid level height above the crack, m. (Hydrochloric acid h=10, sulfuric acid h=8) ∴ Hydrochloric acid=241.243 kg/s Sulfuric acid=360.306 kg/s Table 10-1 Liquid leakage coefficient Cd Reynolds number crack shape circle (polygon) triangle rectangle＞100 0.65 0.60 0.55 ≤100 0.50 0.45 0.40 For liquid leakage speed under normal pressure, it depends on the level of the liquid above the crack. ； For liquid leakage speed under extraordinary pressure, it mainly depends on the difference between the medium pressure in the window and the ambient pressure and the liquid level. When the liquid in the container is a superheated liquid, that is, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than the ambient temperature, the liquid suddenly evaporates due to the reduction in pressure when it flows through the crack. The heat required for evaporation comes from the liquid itself, and the temperature of the remaining liquid in the container will drop to the atmospheric boiling point. In this case, the percentage F of liquid that evaporates directly during leakage can be calculated as follows:: (10-2) Cp—specific heat of liquid at constant pressure, J/kg·K; (check: Hydrochloric acid Cp＝136.4 J/mol·℃, Sulfuric acid Cp＝293 J/mol·℃) T——Temperature of the liquid before leakage, K ； (Taking normal temperature T=20℃) T0—boiling point of liquid under normal pressure, K ； (Check: Hydrochloric acid T0 = 110℃, sulfuric acid T0 = 335.5℃) H - latent heat of vaporization of liquid, J/kg. (Check: Hydrochloric acid H=167.15 KJ/mol, sulfuric acid H=909.27 KJ/mol) (Note: The units obtained by looking up the table here are different, but since Cp and H are divided into the same unit, the result is the temperature °C, so it can still be substituted into 10-2) ∴ Hydrochloric acid = 0.0734 Sulfuric acid = 0.1017 The result calculated according to formula (10-2) is almost always between 0 and 1. In fact, the liquid that evaporates between leaks will form clouds in the form of fine smoke that mixes with the air and absorbs heat to evaporate. If the heat transferred from the air to the liquid smoke is not enough to cause it to evaporate, some of the liquid smoke will condense into droplets and fall to the ground, forming a liquid pool. According to experience, when F>F>0.2, a liquid pool will generally not be formed. ； When F<0.2, no liquid is taken away (evaporated) ； When F=F>0.1, 50% of the liquid is taken away. 2. Diffusion of liquid: The liquid spreads to the ground immediately after leakage, and flows to low-lying areas or artificial boundaries, such as fire embankments, shore walls, etc., forming a liquid pool. The liquid leaks out and evaporates continuously. When the liquid evaporation rate is equal to the leakage rate, the amount of liquid in the liquid pool will remain unchanged. If the leaked liquid is of low volatility, there will be less evaporation from the liquid pool, and it will not easily form air masses, and there will be no danger to personnel outside the factory. ； Forms a pool fire if ignited ； If it penetrates into the soil, it may have an impact on the environment. If the leakage is a volatile liquid or a low-temperature liquid, the liquid will evaporate greatly after the leakage. A large amount of evaporation will form a vapor cloud on the liquid pool and spread outside the factory, affecting people outside the factory. If the leaked liquid has reached the artificial boundary, the area of ​​the liquid pool is the area enclosed by the artificial boundary. If the leaked liquid does not reach the artificial boundary, it can be assumed that the leakage point of the liquid spreads on a smooth plane with an oblate cylindrical center. At this time, the radius r of the liquid pool is calculated by the following formula: (1) In case of instantaneous leakage (leakage time does not exceed 30s), (10-11) (2) In case of continuous leakage (leakage lasts for more than 10min), (10-12) In the above two formulas, r - radius of liquid pool, m; m - amount of liquid leaked, kg; (instantaneous hydrochloric acid: m＝Q0 * t=241.43 * 30=7242.9) (instantaneous sulfuric acid: m＝Q0 * t=360.306 * 30=10809.18) (continuous hydrochloric acid: m=Q0 * t1＝137853.09) (continuous sulfuric acid: m=Q0 * t2＝1150953.89) g—gravitational acceleration, 9.8kg/s; (g=9.8) P—liquid pressure in the equipment, Pa; (all taken as 100000) t—leakage time, s. (In case of instantaneous leakage, take 30. In case of continuous leakage, hydrochloric acid t1=ρ1 * V/ Q0=571.43, take t2=ρ2 for sulfuric acid * V/ Q0=3194.38) ∴Instant leakage: hydrochloric acid=2.25m sulfuric acid=3.89m continuous leakage: Hydrochloric acid = 400.30m Sulfuric acid = 2473.78m Conclusion: If hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid leaks, it will have devastating consequences. Therefore, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid storage tanks must be regularly maintained and updated.