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The development of China’s methanol catalyst industry The first methanol catalyst production facility was the Catalyst Department of Yongli Tungsten Factory; in 1959 it was renamed the Catalyst Factory of Nanjing Chemical Industry Company. Production of AI-type synthetic ammonia catalysts, C-2 type high-temperature carbon monoxide conversion catalysts, and Type VI vanadium catalysts for sulfur dioxide oxidation began in 1950, and subsequently, the production of various catalysts required for the synthetic ammonia industry was gradually established. In the 1980s, China began producing supported nickel catalysts for natural gas and light oil steam reforming. By 1984, more than 40 companies were producing catalysts for the sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and synthetic ammonia industries. To develop the fuel chemicals industry, in the early 1950s, the Third Oil Plant began producing molybdenum sulfide-clay, tungsten sulfide-active carbon, tungsten sulfide-clay, as well as pure tungsten sulfide and molybdenum sulfide catalysts for shale oil hydrogenation. Plant No. 6 for petroleum began producing cobalt-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and starting in 1960, it began producing phosphate-diatomite catalysts for polymerization. In the early 1960s, China discovered abundant oil resources and began to develop the industrial production of petroleum refining catalysts. At that time, petroleum cracking catalysts were first produced at the Lanzhou Refinery, and in 1964, the small-ball silica-alumina catalyst plant was built and put into operation. In the 1970s, China began producing rare earth-X type molecular sieves and rare earth-Y type molecular sieves. At the catalyst factory of Changling Refinery in the late 1970s, rare earth-Y-type molecular sieves on silica-alumina supports produced by the co-agglomeration method were introduced into production; later, high bulk density and wear-resistant semi-synthetic rare earth-Y-type molecular sieves were manufactured at the catalyst factory of Qilu Petrochemical Company. China began developing reforming catalysts in the 1960s; in the mid-1960s, the Third Petroleum Plant started producing platinum catalysts. In the 1970s, bimetallic platinum-rhodium catalysts as well as multimetallic reforming catalysts were produced successively. In terms of hydrorefining, the Third Oil Plant began producing molybdenum-cobalt and molybdenum-nickel reforming pre-hydrogenation catalysts in the 1960s. Mo-Co-Ni low-pressure pre-hydrogenation catalysts were produced starting in the 1970s, while trilobal hydrofining catalysts were produced starting in the 1980s. To develop the organic chemistry industry, from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, iron-based catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, mercury chloride/activated carbon catalysts for the production of vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride, vanadium oxide catalysts for the oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride in fluidized beds, and skeleton nickel catalysts for hydrogenation were begun to be manufactured. In the mid-1960s, to meet the needs of China’s petrochemical industry, the number of newly developed catalyst types increased rapidly. By the 1980s, a variety of selective hydrogenation catalysts for refining olefins had been produced, as well as microspherical oxide catalysts for the ammoxidation of propylene, supported metal catalysts for the oxidation of ethylene to vinyl acetate, high-efficiency olefin polymerization catalysts, and honeycomb catalysts for treating industrial waste gases.