Safety helmet standards

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Safety helmets GB2811-89 replaces GB2811-81. 1 Subject matter and scope: This standard specifies the physical performance requirements, technical performance requirements, as well as the inspection rules, management procedures, labeling, and packaging for safety helmets used in industry. This standard applies to safety helmets commonly used in industry, while the additional special properties specified are applicable only to corresponding special environments. 2 Referenced standards: GB1410 – Test methods for solid electrical insulating materials – Insulation resistance, volume resistivity, and surface resistivity; GB2812 – Test methods for safety helmets. 3 Terms: 3.1 Safety helmet – A helmet that protects the human head from external forces causing injury. It consists of a cap shell, a lining, a chin strap, a back band, etc. 3. 1.1 Helmet shell The helmet shell of a safety helmet includes the chin strap, brim, top reinforcement, ventilation holes, socket, hole for the strap liner, and chin strap mounting seat, among others. a. Crown tongue: the part that extends from the front of the crown shell ； b. Brim: The part that extends around the crown of the hat, excluding the visor; c. Crown reinforcement: The part used to enhance the strength of the top portion of the hat crown ； d. Vent holes: Holes provided on the cap shell; e. Socket: Insertion structure that connects the cap shell to the cap lining and accessories ； f. Connection hole: The opening that connects the cap liner and the cap shell. 3.1.2 Hood lining: A general term for the internal components of the frame shell. These include crown straps, protective straps, support straps, sweat-absorbing strips, padding, and tie ropes. a. Headband: a band that serves to secure the area around the head ； b. Straps: Straps that come into direct contact with the top of the head; c. Padding straps: An additional layer of strap placed on top of the straps, which does not come into contact with the head and serves as a cushioning element ； d. Strapping: Rope or strap used to connect the carrying straps and protective straps, as well as the inner lining and outer shell of the hat; e. Sweat-absorbing strip: A strip-like sweat-absorbing material wrapped around the outside of the hat band ； f. Cushion: A pad that provides cushioning between the headband and the helmet shell ； g. Rear band: An adjustable band is added to the back of the cap band ； h. Hood liner joint: The joint that connects the panel liner and the hood shell. 3. 1.3 Chin strap: A strap attached to the chin. 3. 1.4 Locking clip: A clip used to adjust the length of the chin strap. 3. 1.5 Plug-in connection: The hat shell and the lining are connected by a plug-in mechanism. 3. 1.6 Bolting: The cap shell and the inner liner are connected using bolting ropes. 3. 1. 7 Riveting: The cap shell and the inner lining are joined together using rivets. 3.2 Horizontal spacing: The distance between the brim of the safety helmet and any horizontal point in the space surrounding the helmet shell when it is worn. 3.3 Vertical distance: The vertical distance between the top of the head and the inner top of the helmet shell when the helmet is worn (excluding the space for the head strap). 3.4 Wear height: The vertical distance from the bottom edge of the helmet band to the top of the head when the helmet is worn. 3.5 Head model: The human head model used when testing safety helmets (see Appendix A). 4 Requirements for structural form 4.1 The top of the cap shell should be reinforced. It can be made with a smooth top or a ribbed structure. The cap shell is made without a rim, with a rim, or with rolled edges. 4.2 The plastic cap liner should be designed with a rear band that allows for free adjustment of the band’s size. 4.3 The lower jaw strap without a rear hoop cap is made in a “Y” shape; those with a rear hoop may be made as a single piece. 4.4 The band on the front part of the contact tip should be breathable and sweat-absorbing. 4.5 The padding around the headband can be made in strip form or in block form, with space left for air circulation. 5 Size requirements 5.1 Inside the helmet shell a. Length: 195–250 mm ； b. Width: 170～220mm ； c. Height: 120–150 mm. 5.2 Brim length: 10–70 mm. 5.3 Brim height: 0–70 mm, downward tilt: 0°–60°. 5.4 Ventilation pores: The holes in the cap shell, with a total area of not less than 400 mm*2*. Special uses are not subject to this restriction. 5.5 Crown band: Available in the following three sizes: Size 1: 610–660 mm ； No. 2: 570～600mm ； No. 3: 510～560mm. The headband can be made separately or used as a universal piece. 5.6 Vertical spacing a•Plastic lining: 25～50mm ； b. Cotton or synthetic fiber tape: 30–50 mm. 5.7 Wearing height: 80–90 mm. 5.8 Horizontal spacing: 5～20mm. 5.9 The height of protrusions around the inside of the cap shell shall not exceed 6 mm, and there shall be padding around these protrusions. 6 colors: Light or eye-catching colors are generally preferred. Such as white, light yellow, etc. 7 weight a. Safety helmets with small rims or edges shall not weigh more than 430 g (excluding accessories) ； b. Safety helmets with a high brim shall not weigh more than 460 g (excluding accessories) ； c. The winter hat shall not weigh more than 690 g (excluding accessories). 8 Categories: Various safety helmets are classified according to different materials, shapes, and workplaces. 8.1 Material Classification: 8.1.1 Engineering Plastics: Engineering plastics are mainly divided into two categories: thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials. It is mainly used to manufacture the shell and lining of safety helmets, as well as the materials for helmet straps. When other materials such as plasticizers and colorants are added, it is important to check whether these components are toxic and may cause skin allergies or inflammation. Plastic caps used in coal mine gas mines should be treated with antistatic agents. Thermosetting materials can be mixed with glass fiber and vinylon fiber and then compressed into shape. 8.1.2 Rubber materials: Rubber materials include natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Waste rubber and recycled rubber cannot be used. 8.1.3 Paper adhesive: Paper adhesives are prepared from raw materials such as wood pulp. 8.1.4 Plant materials: Plant materials include vines, willow branches, and bamboo. 8.1.5 Materials for winter hats: The shell of a winter hat can be made from engineering plastics or plant-based materials, while the fabric can be cotton, synthetic fibers, sheep’s wool, fleece, leather, synthetic leather, or woolen materials. The lining of the hat can be made of colored woven fabric, velvet, woolen materials, etc. 8.1.6 Material for hat lining strips: cotton, synthetic fibers. 8.1.7 Materials for cap linings and top strap ties: cotton rope, synthetic fiber rope, or a mixture of cotton and synthetic fiber ropes. 8.1.8 Material for chin strap: cotton fabric strap or synthetic fiber strap. 8.2 Shape classification: edgeless, short edge, rolled edge, medium edge, long edge, etc. 8.3 Classification of work sites: general work and special work. 8.3.1 Test requirements: See Table 1. See table. Note: ① Y denotes safety helmets for general operation categories. ② T denotes safety helmets for special types of work. ③For the test requirements and methods, refer to GB2812. 9 Technical performance requirements for safety helmets 9.1 Basic technical performance requirements 9.1.1 Impact absorption performance Impact tests are conducted using the methods specified in Chapters 3 and 4 of GB2812, after undergoing pre-treatment at low temperatures, high temperatures, and under water spray. The force transmitted to the headform does not exceed 4900 N (500 kgf). 9.1.2 Puncture resistance: Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions in Chapters 3 and 5 of GB2812. The electrical contact display device does not show any indication, meaning that the steel cone is not in contact with the surface of the die. 9.2 Special technical performance requirements 9.2.1 Electrical insulation performance: Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 6 of GB2812, with the leakage current not exceeding 1.2 mA. 9.2.2 Flame-retardant performance: Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 7 of GB2812, and the after-flame time shall not exceed 5 s. 9. 2.3 Lateral stiffness: Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 8 of GB2812; the maximum deformation shall not exceed 40 mm, and the residual deformation shall not exceed 15 mm. 9.2.4 Antistatic performance: Tests are conducted in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9 of GB2812; the actually measured surface resistivity shall not be greater than 1×10^9 Ω. 10 Inspection Rules 10.1 Factories that produce safety helmets must pass inspection by **designated inspection agencies and obtain a production license before they can manufacture and sell such helmets. 10.2 Safety helmets are inspected in batches of 2,000 to 20,000 units upon leaving the factory; if a batch contains fewer than 2,000 units, it is still considered as one batch. 10.3 When the factory conducts random inspections based on classification codes, if one sample is found to be defective, additional inspections are carried out; if it remains defective, then the entire batch of products is considered defective. 10.4 When requesting testing at the factory, issue a test certificate with a classification code based solely on the actual performance achieved. 10.5** When the inspection department inspects factory products, representatives from the provincial or municipal inspection departments or the factory should be present. When product quality declines, the **inspection department should guide the factory in improving product quality, and has the authority to issue criticism, warnings, or notifications to factories that fail to produce in accordance with standards and experience a drop in product quality. In severe cases, it is recommended that the licensing authority revoke their production license. 11 Procurement, Supervision, and Management 11.1 Procurement of safety helmets: Enterprises must purchase products that come with certificates of product inspection; such products may be used only after passing inspection. 11.2 Safety helmets should not be stored in places with acids, alkalis, high temperatures, exposure to sunlight, or humidity; they must also not be kept together with hard objects. 11.3 Service life of safety helmets: Calculated from the date of completion of product manufacturing. Hats woven from plant branches should not be used for more than two years. Plastic caps and paper-gummed caps should not exceed two and a half years. The rubber cap made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (vinyl steel) should not last more than three and a half years. 11.4 The enterprise’s safety and technology department shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 11.3, conduct random tests on safety helmets that have reached their expiration date; they may be used again only if they pass these tests. Subsequent tests shall be carried out annually, and if a batch of safety helmets fails such tests, they must be discarded. 11.5 The competent labor bureaus of the provinces and cities shall supervise expired safety helmets and urge the enterprise’s safety technology departments to conduct inspections; they may only be used after passing such inspections. 12 Marking and Packaging 12.1 Each safety helmet shall have the following four permanent markings: a. Manufacturer’s name, trademark, model ； b. Manufacturing year, month ； c. Production certificate and verification ； d. Production license number. 12. When packing safety helmets for shipment, each helmet should be wrapped with paper or plastic film as a cushion before being placed in a cardboard box. The safety helmets placed in the boxes must be finished products. 12.3 The boxes should be marked with the product name, quantity, weight, volume, and other relevant notes. 12.4 Each box of safety helmets must be accompanied by an instruction manual.