What kind of crude oil? Who knows?

Classification of crude oil: Due to differences in the composition and fractions of crude oil, its properties vary greatly from one place to another. Crudes with different properties and compositions should be treated differently, but there is currently no unified standard classification method. (1) The crude oil classification method of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The U.S. Bureau of Mines introduced this classification method in 1935, and it is currently the most widely used method for classifying crude oil in the world. This method classifies based on the relative density (API gravity) of the light and heavy fractions within crude oil that have specific boiling ranges. Among them, the light fraction is referred to as the light key fraction; it is the component that distills from crude oil at atmospheric pressure at temperatures of 250–275°C ； The heavy fraction, known as the heavy key fraction, is the fraction distilled at 5.33 KPa at temperatures of 275–300°C; when converted to standard pressure, this corresponds to temperatures of 395–425°C. If the API gravity of crude oil is 40 or higher, it is a paraffin-based crude oil ； If the API degree is 33 or less, it is naphthenic crude oil ； If the API degree is between 33 and 40, it is an intermediate base crude oil. (2) Classification of crude oil based on the characteristic factor K value. The characteristic factor K value is related to the chemical composition of the oil and is a function of its average boiling point and relative density. When the boiling points are similar, alkanes have the highest K value, cycloalkanes come next, and aromatic hydrocarbons have the lowest. If the K value of crude oil is greater than 12.1, it is a paraffin-based crude oil ； If it is between 11.5 and 12.1, it is an intermediate base crude oil ； If it is between 10.5 and 11.5, it is naphthenic crude oil. (3) Classification of crude oil by relative density: Relative density is an important indicator reflecting the properties of crude oil. Crude oil with a relative density of no more than 0.8654 is generally referred to as light crude oil ； Crude oils with a relative density between 0.8654 and 0.9340 are referred to as medium-density crude oils ； Those with a relative density between 0.9340 and 1.0000 are referred to as heavy crude oil ； Crude oil with a relative density of 1.0000 or higher is referred to as extra-heavy crude oil ； (4) Classification of crude oil by sulfur content: The sulfur content in crude oil has an adverse effect on its processing and utilization; therefore, crude oil is often classified based on its sulfur content. Crudes with a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt% are referred to as low-sulfur crude oils, those with a sulfur content between 0.5 and 2.0 wt% are considered sulfur-containing crude oils, while those with a sulfur content higher than 2.0 wt% are classified as high-sulfur crude oils. (5) Classification of crude oil by wax content: Crude oil is also often classified based on the amount of wax it contains. Crudes with a wax content of less than 2.5 wt% are generally referred to as low-wax crudes, those with a wax content between 2.5 and 10.0 wt% are called waxy crudes, while those with a wax content higher than 10.0 wt% are classified as high-wax crudes. M100 is the designation for Russian petroleum products. It has been found that Russian petroleum products are classified based on their viscosity. The quality specifications for M100 are as follows (http://www.tcil08.cn/contentdetail.asp?id=190&title=M-100 The mystery ): Kinematic viscosity at 100°C: not more than 6.8; Ash content %: not more than 0.05; Mechanical impurities %: not more than 1.0; Water content %: not more than 1.0; Sulfur content %: not more than 1.0; Open flash point °C: not less than 110; Freezing point °C: not more than 42; Calorific value, Kkal/kg: not less than 40530; Density at 20°C, grams per cubic meter: as determined by measurement

Quality specifications for 180# fuel oil (http://www.changtai828.cn/athena/offerdetail/sale/changtai828-100101-375675690.html): Motion viscosity of the fuel oil at 50°C < 180; Ash content (by mass, %) < 0.1%; Sulfur content (by mass, %) < 1.5%; Moisture content (by mass, %) < 1.0%; Flash point > 100°C; Freezing point/°C ≤ 30°C; Mechanical impurities < 0.1%. Calorific value: ≥ 9800 calories per gram.

Quality specifications for 280 solvent oil (http://tjzthw.cn.alibaba.com/athena/offerdetail/sale/tjzthw-80301-179697670.html): Parameter, Quality specification, Testing method. Boiling range: GB/T 6536; Initial boiling point, °C – not less than 140; 98% recovery temperature, °C – not more than 280; Aromatic content, % (m/m) – not more than 15; SH/T 0118: Total sulfur content, % (m/m) – not more than 0.01; GB/T 380: Mercaptanic sulfur, % (m/m) – not more than 0.0020; GB/T 1792: Flash point (closed cup), °C – not less than 40; GB/T 261: Mechanical impurities and moisture, % – no visual inspection required; Density at 20°C, kg/m³ – not more than 830; GB/T 1884, 1885. 380# fuel oil is a traditional term used internationally from after 1977 until international standards for marine fuel oil were established, with the motion viscosity at 50°C serving as the indicator for classifying this type of fuel oil. It is sometimes also referred to as IF-380, or simply as 380# fuel oil. Currently, most diesel engine manufacturers, shipowners, and major oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell, and BP still use this traditional term. However, although such traditional names can be used for marine fuel oil, the corresponding quality specifications must be clearly specified in the contract. Generally, the minimum requirements set by relevant international standards or agreements should be met, to avoid the situation in the past where only viscosity was considered while other physical and chemical quality parameters were not controlled, leading to problems in actual use. (http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/xujianglove/article/b0-i6829083.html)

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