Common names for chemical substances

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I. Sulfates:
1. Zinc sulfate: ZnSO4·7H2O
2. Barium sulfate: BaSO4
3. Ferrous sulfate: FeSO4·7H2O
4. Sodium sulfate: Na2SO4·10H2O
5. Potassium aluminum sulfate: KAl(SO4)2·12H2O
6. Gypsum: CaSO4·2H2O; Plaster of Paris: 2CaSO4·H2O
7. Copper sulfate: CuSO4·5H2O
8. Mohr’s salt: (NH4)2SO4·FeSO4·6H2O

II. Ores:
1. Fluorite: CaF2
2. Carnallite: KCl·MgCl2·6H2O
3. Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2
4. Bauxite: Al2O3·H2O, Al2O3·3H2O; also contains small amounts of Fe2O3 and SiO2
5. Magnetite: Fe3O4
6. Hematite: Fe2O3
7. Limonite: 2Fe2O3·3H2O
8. Siderite: Fe2CO3
9. Magnesite: Mg2SiO4
10. Cast iron: Carbon exists in the form of flaky graphite
11. White cast iron: Carbon exists as Fe3C
12. Kaolinite: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 or Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O
13. Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8
14. Quartz: SiO2
15. Borax: Na2B4O7·10H2O
16. Gangue: SiO2
17. Corundum (sapphire/ruby): Naturally occurring colorless aluminum oxide crystals
18. Pyrite: FeS2
19. Calamine: ZnCO3
20. Chilean saltpeter: NaNO3
21. Talc: 3MgO·4SiO2·H2O
22. Marble (calcite/limestone): CaCO3
23. Malachite: CuCO3·Cu(OH)2
24. Dolomite: MgCO3·CaCO3
25. Cryolite: Na3AlF6
26. Kaolin: Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O
27. Cassiterite: SnO2
28. Chalcocite: Cu2S

III. Gases:
1. Blast furnace gas: A mixture of CO, CO2, etc.
2. Water gas: CO, H2
3. Natural gas: CH4
4. Liquefied petroleum gas: Primarily C3H8 and C4H10
5. Coke oven gas: Primarily CH4, CO, H2, C2H4
6. Cracking gas: Primarily C2H4
7. Explosive mixture: H2 and O2
8. Nitrous oxide: N2O
9. Cracked gas: Alkanes and alkenes with 1–4 carbon atoms
10. Acetylene gas: C2H2 (usually contains H2S, PH3, etc.)

IV. Organic compounds:
1. Formaldehyde: HCHO
2. Formic acid: HCOOH
3. Urea: (NH4CNO) or CO(NH2)2
4. Chloroform: CCl4
5. Methanol (industrial alcohol): CH3OH
6. Glycerol: CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH
7. Stearic acid: C17H35COOH
8. Palmitic acid: C15H31COOH
9. Oleic acid: C17H33OH
10. Soap: C17H35COONa
11. Silver ammonia solution: –
12. Lactic acid: CH3–CHOH–COOH
13. Glucose: C6H12O6
14. Sucrose: C12H22O11
15. Ribose: CH2OH–(CHOH)3CHO
16. Deoxyribose: CH2OH–(CHOH)2CH2–CH3
17. Starch: (C6H10O5)n
18. Cellulose: Its main component is also (C6H10O5)n; however, cellulose contains more nitrogen than starch.
19. Urea: CO(NH2)2; NH4CNO is ammonium cyanate. They are isomers of each other.
20. Chloroform: CHCl3
21. Oleic acid: C17H33COOH
22. Silver ammonia solution: OH
23. Deoxyribose: CH2OH–(CHOH)2CH2–CHO

V. Miscellaneous:
1. Chalk: CaCO3
2. Lime milk: Ca(OH)2
3. Plaster of Paris: 2CaSO4·H2O
4. Fullerene: C60
5. Patina on copper: Cu2(OH)2CO3
6. Soda ash: Na2CO3
7. Aqua regia: A mixture of HCl and HNO3 in a 3:1 ratio
8. Water glass: Na2SiO3
9. Baking soda: NaHCO3
10. Soda ash: Na2CO3
11. Hyposulfite: Na2S2O3
12. Bittern: MgCl2·6H2O
13. Orpiment: As2S3
14. Realgar: As4S4
15. Cinnabar: HgS
16. Asbestos: CaO·3MgO·4SiO2
17. Arsenic trioxide: As2O3
18. Epsom salt: MgSO4·7H2O
19. Bordeaux mixture: CuSO4 + Ca(OH)2
20. Titanium dioxide: TiO2

Sodium chloride; table salt: NaCl
Magnesium chloride; bittern: MgCl2·6H2O
Sodium carbonate; soda ash: Na2CO3
Sodium bicarbonate; baking soda: NaHCO3
Sodium hydroxide; caustic soda: NaOH
Potassium hydroxide; potash: KOH
Calcium hydroxide; plaster of Paris: Ca(OH)2
Potassium permanganate: KMnO4
Calcium fluoride; fluorite: CaF2
Iron(II) sulfide; pyrite: FeS2
Copper sulfate crystals; blue vitriol: CuSO4·5H2O
Zinc sulfate crystals; white vitriol: ZnSO4·7H2O
Ferrous sulfate crystals; green vitriol: FeSO4·7H2O
Aluminum sulfate crystals; alum: KAl(SO4)2·12H2O
Calcium sulfate crystals; gypsum: CaSO4·2H2O
Calcium sulfate crystals; plaster of Paris: (CaSO4)2·H2O
Barium sulfate crystals: BaSO4
Sodium sulfate crystals; Glauber’s salt: Na2SO4·10H2O
Magnesium sulfate crystals; Epsom salt: MgSO4·7H2O
Sodium thiosulfate; hyposulfite: Na2S2O3
Potassium nitrate; Chilean saltpeter: KNO3
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate: Ca(H2PO4)2 and 2CaSO4
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen; water gas: CO and H2
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; producer gas: CO and CO2
Carbon dioxide (solid): dry ice: CO2
Calcium carbonate; limestone, calcite, marble, chalk: CaCO3
Calcium oxide; quicklime: CaO
Calcium carbide; acetylene generator: CaC2
Silicon carbide; carborundum: SiC
Silicon dioxide; quartz, crystal: SiO2
Sodium silicate solution; water glass: Na2SiO3
Aluminum oxide; corundum: Al2O3
Potassium ferrocyanide; yellow prussiate: K4[Fe(CN)6]
Potassium ferricyanide; red prussiate: K3[Fe(CN)6]
Potassium ferrocyanide; Prussian blue: K4[Fe(CN)6]
Basic copper carbonate; patina on copper: Cu2(OH)2CO3
Bleaching powder: Ca(ClO)2 and CaCl2
Aqua regia: Concentrated HNO3 and concentrated HCl in a 1:3 ratio
Arsenic trioxide; arsenic: As2O3
Arsenic sulfide; realgar: As4S4
Mercuric chloride; corrosive sublimate: HgCl2
Mercurous chloride; calomel: Hg2Cl2
Mercuric sulfide; cinnabar: HgS