I’m asking everyone for some information on sewage discharge!

What information is there regarding sweat emission? Standards? ? Process? ? Equipment? ? Debugging? ? ? Many

This post was last edited by cdpulin on 2009-10-21 at 11:30. 1. Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards GB8978-1996 1 Subject Matter and Scope of Application 1.1 Subject Matter These standards specify, based on the destination of wastewater discharge, the maximum allowable concentration levels for 69 types of water pollutants, as well as the maximum allowable discharge volumes for certain other pollutants, over different time periods. 　　1.2 Scope of Application This standard applies to the management of pollutant emissions per unit of water volume in existing facilities, as well as to the environmental impact assessment of construction projects, the design of environmental protection facilities for such projects, the completion inspection, and the management of emissions after these projects come online. 　　In accordance with the principle that **comprehensive emission standards and industry-specific emission standards are not applied simultaneously**, the papermaking industry follows GB 3544—92 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Papermaking Industry\", ships follow GB3552—83 \"Emission Standards for Pollutants from Ships\", the shipbuilding industry adheres to GB4286—84 \"Emission Standards for Pollutants in the Shipbuilding Industry\", the offshore oil exploration industry complies with GB4914—85 \"Emission Standards for Oily Wastewater in Offshore Oil Exploration\", the textile dyeing and finishing industry follows GB4287—92 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Textile Dyeing and Finishing Industry\", the meat processing industry follows GB13457—92 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Meat Processing Industry\", the synthetic ammonia industry adheres to GB13458—92 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Synthetic Ammonia Industry\", the steel industry follows GB13456—92 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Steel Industry\", the use of aerospace propellants is regulated by GB14374—93 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants from Aerospace Propellants\", the arms manufacturing industry complies with GB14470.1–14470.3—93 and GB4274–4279—84 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Arms Manufacturing Industry\", the phosphate fertilizer industry follows GB15580—95 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Phosphate Fertilizer Industry\", and the caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride industries adhere to GB15581—95 \"Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in the Caustic Soda and Polyvinyl Chloride Industries\". All other cases of water pollutant emissions are governed by these standards. 　　1.3 After the issuance of this standard, for industries for which new **industry-specific discharge standards for water pollutants have been established, those industry-specific standards shall apply within their respective scope of application, and this standard will no longer be in force. 　　2 Referenced Standards The provisions contained in the following standards become part of this standard by being referenced herein. At the time of publication of this standard, all versions listed are valid. All standards will be revised, and those using this standard should consider the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. 　　GB3097—82 Standards for Seawater Quality GB3838—88 Standards for Groundwater Environmental Quality GB8703—88 Regulations on Radiation Protection 3 Definitions 3.1 Wastewater Refers to the water discharged as a result of production and domestic activities. 　　3.2 Water discharge Refers to the amount of water used directly in the production process for industrial purposes. Excludes indirect cooling water, plant boilers, and power station wastewater. 　　3.3 All polluting entities Refer to all polluting entities covered by the scope of application of this standard. 　　3.4 Other polluting entities refer to all polluting entities under a particular control item, other than those in the listed industries. 　　4 Technical Requirements 　　4.1 Standard Classification 　　4.1.1 Sewage discharged into waters classified as GB3838 Class III (except for designated protected areas and swimming areas) and into seas classified as Class II under GB3097 must comply with Level 1 standards. 　　4.1.2 Wastewater discharged into Class IV and V waters as specified in GB3838, as well as wastewater discharged into Class III sea areas as specified in GB3097, shall comply with the secondary standard. 　　4.1.3 The wastewater discharged into the municipal drainage systems equipped with secondary sewage treatment plants shall comply with the third-level standards. 4.1.4 Sewage discharged into urban drainage systems that do not have secondary sewage treatment plants must comply with the provisions of 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 respectively, in accordance with the functional requirements of the water bodies receiving the effluent from such drainage systems. 　　4.1.5 In the protected areas designated in Class I and II waters as well as Class III waters under GB3838, and in Class I marine areas under GB3097, the construction of new sewage outfalls is prohibited. Existing sewage outfalls must be subject to total pollutant control in accordance with the functional requirements of the water bodies, so as to ensure that the water quality of those water bodies meets the standards appropriate for their intended uses. 　　4.2 Standard Values 4.2.1 This standard classifies the pollutants emitted into two categories based on their nature and methods of control. 　　4.2.1.1 Category I pollutants: Regardless of the industry or method of wastewater discharge, as well as the functional category of the receiving water body, sampling must be taken at the outlet of the workshop or the treatment facilities within it; the maximum allowable discharge concentration must meet the requirements of these standards (the outlet of tailing dams in the mining industry cannot be considered a workshop discharge outlet). 　　4.2.1.2 Category II pollutants: Samples are taken at the discharge outlets of the polluting entities, and the maximum allowable discharge concentration must meet the requirements of these standards. 　　4.2.2 This standard specifies, based on the duration of operation, the maximum allowable emission concentrations for Category 1 and Category 2 pollutants, as well as the maximum allowable wastewater discharge volumes for certain industries. Specifically: 4.2.2.1 For facilities constructed (including those that have been renovated or expanded) before December 31, 1997, the emission of water pollutants must comply with the requirements set out in Tables 1, 2, and 3. 　　4.2.2.2 For projects constructed (including renovations and expansions) as of January 1, 1998, the discharge of water pollutants must comply with the provisions in Tables 1, 4, and 5 simultaneously. 　　4.2.2.3 The construction period of the construction unit (including renovation and expansion) is determined based on the approval date of the environmental impact assessment report (form). 　　4.3 Other Provisions 4.3.1 When two or more different types of wastewater are discharged from the same outlet, and the discharge standards for each type of wastewater differ, the discharge standard for the mixed wastewater shall be calculated in accordance with Appendix A. 　　4.3.2 The maximum allowable emission load for industrial wastewater pollutants is calculated according to Appendix B. 　　4.3.3 The maximum allowable annual total emissions of pollutants are calculated according to Appendix C. 　　4.3.4 For the discharge of wastewater containing radioactive substances, in addition to complying with this standard, it is also necessary to meet the requirements of GB8703—88 \"Regulations on Radiation Protection\". 　　Table 1: Maximum allowable emission concentrations for Category I pollutants, in mg/L
| Serial No. | Pollutant | Maximum allowable emission concentration |
|------------|-----------|--------------------------------------|
| 1 | Total mercury | 0.05 |
| 2 | Alkyl mercury | Not detectable |
| 3 | Total cadmium | 0.14 |
| 4 | Total chromium | 1.55 |
| 5 | Hexavalent chromium | 0.56 |
| 6 | Total arsenic | 0.57 |
| 7 | Total lead | 1.08 |
| 8 | Total nickel | 1.09 |
| 9 | Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.00003 |
| 10 | Total beryllium | 0.005 |
| 11 | Total silver | 0.5 |
| 12 | Total alpha radiation | 1 Bq/L |
| 13 | Total beta radiation | 10 Bq/L |

Table 2: Maximum allowable emission concentrations for Category II pollutants (for facilities constructed before December 31, 1997), in mg/L
| Serial No. | Pollutant | Applicable scope | Level 1 standard | Level 2 standard | Level 3 standard |
|------------|-----------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 1 | pH | All discharging units | 6–9 | 6–9 | 6–9 |
| 2 | Chromaticity (dilution factor) | Dye industry | 50 | 180 | – |
| | Other discharging units | 50 | 80 | – | – |
| | Mining, ore processing, coal processing industries | 100 | 300 | – | – |
| | Gold ore processing | 100 | 500 | – | – |
| 3 | Suspended solids (SS) | Gold panning in remote areas | 100 | 800 | – |
| | Secondary urban wastewater treatment plants | 20 | 30 | – | – |
| | Other discharging units | 70 | 200 | 400 | – |
| 4 | Sugarcane sugar production, ramie degumming, wet fiberboard industries | 30 | 100 | 600 | – |
| 5 | Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) | Beet sugar production, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, leather, chemical fiber pulp industries | 30 | 150 | 600 |
| | Secondary urban wastewater treatment plants | 20 | 30 | – | – |
| | Other discharging units | 30 | 60 | 300 | – |

Table 2: Maximum allowable emission concentrations for Category II pollutants (continued) (for facilities constructed before December 31, 1997), in mg/L
| Serial No. | Pollutant | Applicable scope | Level 1 standard | Level 2 standard | Level 3 standard |
|------------|-----------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 1 | Beet sugar production, coking, synthetic fatty acids, wet fiberboard, dyes, wool washing, organic phosphorus pesticide industries | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
| 2 | Monosodium glutamate, alcohol, pharmaceutical raw materials, biopharmaceuticals, ramie degumming, leather, chemical fiber pulp industries | 100 | 300 | 1000 |
| 3 | Petrochemical industries (including oil refining) | 100 | 150 | 500 |
| 4 | Chemical oxygen demand (COD) | Secondary urban wastewater treatment plants | 60 | 120 | – |
| | Other discharging units | 100 | 150 | 500 |
| 5 | Petroleum products | All discharging units | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| 6 | Animal and vegetable oils | All discharging units | 20 | 20 | 100 |
| 7 | Volatile phenols | All discharging units | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| 8 | Total cyanide compounds | Film developing (ferrocyanide compounds) | 0.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| | Other discharging units | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| 9 | Sulfides | All discharging units | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| 10 | Ammonia nitrogen | Pharmaceutical raw materials, dyes, petrochemical industries | 15 | 50 | – |
| | Other discharging units | 15 | 25 | – |
| | Yellow phosphorus industry | 10 | 20 | 20 |
| 11 | Fluorides | Areas with low fluoride content (fluoride content in water: 5 million tons, 1.0 m³/t (crude oil); 250–5 million tons, 1.2 m³/t (crude oil); 5 million tons, 1.5 m³/t (crude oil); 250–5 million tons, 2.0 m³/t (crude oil); 5 million tons, 2.0 m³/t (crude oil); 250–5 million tons, 2.5 m³/t (crude oil), contact time ≥ 1.5 hours) | 5 | |
| | Synthetic fatty acid industry | 20 | 40 | 56 |
| 12 | Total organic carbon (TOC) | Ramie degumming industry | 20 | 60 | – |
| | Other discharging units | 20 | 30 | – |

Note: “Other discharging units” refers to all discharging units that are not included in the industries listed in this control table. * Refers to hospitals with 50 or more beds. ** After chlorination for disinfection, dechlorination must be carried out to meet these standards. Table 2-5, Part 4: Maximum allowable wastewater discharge volumes for certain industries (for facilities constructed after January 1, 1998)
Serial Number | Industry Category | Maximum allowable wastewater discharge volume | or | Minimum allowable wastewater reuse rate
—— | —— | —— | —— | ——
Non-ferrous metal mining and processing | Water reuse rate | 475 | 4%
Mining | Other mining activities such as mining, ore processing, coal washing, etc. | Water reuse rate | 490 | 4% (for coal washing); 16.0 m3/t (for ore); 9.0 m3/t (for gold flotation); 8.0 m3/t (for cyanide-based ore processing); 8.0 m3/t (for carbon slurry processing)
Coking plants (coal gas plants) | 1.2 m3/t (for coke)
Non-ferrous metal smelting and metal processing | Water reuse rate | 80%
Petroleum refining industry (excluding refineries that discharge water directly) | Processing intensity category: A Fuel-type refineries: A > 5 million tons – 1.0 m3/t (crude oil); 2.5 million to 5 million tons – 1.2 m3/t (crude oil); 5 million tons – 1.5 m3/t (crude oil); 2.5 million to 5 million tons – 2.0 m3/t (crude oil); 5 million tons – 2.0 m3/t (crude oil); 2.5 million to 5 million tons – 2.5 m3/t (crude oil)

2. \"Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Medical Organizations\" GB18466－2005 Discharge standard of water pollutants for medical organization Preface This standard is formulated in order to implement the \"Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China\", and the \"Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases\"; to strengthen the control and management of wastewater from medical organizations, exhaust gases from wastewater treatment plants, and sludge discharge; to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases; to protect human health; and to maintain a healthy ecological environment. 　　This standard specifies the pollutant control items and their emission limits for wastewater from medical institutions and wastewater treatment plants, as well as for the exhaust gases and sludge generated there; it also outlines the treatment processes and disinfection requirements, sampling and monitoring procedures, as well as the implementation and supervision of these standards. 　　As of the date of implementation, this standard replaces the provisions on wastewater discharge standards for medical institutions in GB8978-1996 \"Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards\", as well as GB18466-2001 \"Requirements for Wastewater Discharge from Medical Institutions\". New, expanded, and renovated medical institutions shall be managed in accordance with these standards as of the date of their implementation, while existing medical institutions must meet the requirements of these standards by December 31, 2007. 　　Appendices A, B, C, D, E, and F of this standard are normative appendices. 　　This standard is being published for the first time. 　　This standard was proposed and is under the responsibility of the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of the **Ministry of Environmental Protection. 　　This standard was commissioned to be drafted by the Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 　　This standard was approved by the **General Administration of Environmental Protection on July 27, 2005. 　　This standard is interpreted by the **General Administration of Environmental Protection. 　　Emission Standards for Water Pollutants from Medical Institutions 1 Scope These standards specify the pollutants that need to be controlled in the wastewater generated by medical institutions, as well as the exhaust gases and sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants; they also define the emission and control limits, treatment processes and disinfection requirements, sampling and monitoring procedures, as well as the implementation and supervision of these standards. 　　This standard applies to the control of wastewater from medical institutions, sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants, and exhaust gas emissions. It is also applicable to the environmental impact assessment of medical institution construction projects, the design of environmental protection facilities, the completion inspection, and emission management after completion. When wastewater from the office areas, non-medical living areas, etc. of medical institutions is collected together with wastewater from the patient areas, this standard applies to the discharge of such combined wastewater. For medical institutions equipped with a separated sewage collection system, the discharge of wastewater from non-clinical areas complies with the relevant provisions of GB8978. 　　2 Normative reference documents The provisions contained in the following standards, as well as those in the analysis method standards and specifications listed in Tables 5 and 6 of this standard, are incorporated into this standard by way of reference and thus constitute its provisions, having the same validity as those in this standard. When the aforementioned standards and specifications are revised, their latest versions should be used. 　　GB8978 Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards GB3838 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3097 Water Quality Standards for Seawater GB16297 Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants HJ/T55 Technical Guidelines for Monitoring Unorganized Emissions of Air Pollutants HJ/T91 Technical Specifications for the Testing of Surface Water and Wastewater 3 Terms and Definitions The following definitions are adopted in these standards. 　　3.1 Medical organizations refer to hospitals, health centers, sanatoriums, outpatient clinics, practices, first aid stations, and other entities that are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. 　　3.2 Medical organization wastewater: Refers to the wastewater generated from diagnostic and treatment activities, daily use, and fecal matter, which is discharged from outpatient departments, wards, operating rooms, various laboratories, pathology and autopsy rooms, radiology departments, laundry facilities, morgues, and other areas in medical institutions. Whenever other wastewater from medical institutions is discharged mixed with the aforementioned wastewater, it is considered medical institution wastewater. 　　3.3 Sludge Refers to the screen residue, settled sludge, and septic tank sludge generated during the wastewater treatment process in medical institutions. 　　3.4 Waste gas: Refers to the harmful gases generated during the wastewater treatment process in medical institutions. 　　4 Technical Content 　　4.1 Wastewater discharge requirements 　　4.1.1 Medical institutions dealing with infectious diseases and tuberculosis shall comply with the provisions in Table 1 for wastewater discharge. 　　4.1.2 Comprehensive medical institutions and other medical institutions at the county level or above, or those with 20 beds or more, shall comply with the provisions in Table 2 regarding wastewater discharge. Wastewater discharged directly or indirectly into surface water bodies and seas is subject to discharge standards, while wastewater discharged into sewers that lead to properly operating municipal secondary sewage treatment plants is subject to pretreatment standards. 　　4.1.3 Wastewater from comprehensive medical institutions at the county level or below with 20 beds or fewer, as well as all other medical institutions, must be disinfected before it can be discharged. 　　4.1.4 Discharge of medical wastewater directly into waters classified as GB3838 categories I and II, as well as into drinking water protection areas and swimming areas in category III waters, and into sea areas classified as GB3097 categories I and II is prohibited. 　　4.1.5 Comprehensive medical institutions with infectious disease wards should separate the wastewater from infectious disease wards from that from non-infectious disease wards. The wastewater and feces from the infectious disease ward must be disinfected before they can be combined with other wastewater for treatment. 　　4.1.6 For wastewater from medical institutions disinfected using chlorinated disinfectants, if it is to be discharged directly into surface water bodies and seas, dechlorination must be carried out to ensure that the total residual chlorine level is below 0.5 mg/L. 　　Table 1: Emission limits for water pollutants from medical institutions dealing with infectious diseases and tuberculosis (daily average values)
Serial Number | Control Parameter | Standard Value
1 | Fecal coliforms (MPN/L) | 100
2 | Pathogenic intestinal bacteria | Not detectable
3 | Intestinal viruses | Not detectable
4 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Not detectable
5 | pH | 6–9
6 | Chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g per bed) | 6060
7 | Biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g per bed) | 2020
8 | Suspended solids (SS) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g per bed) | 2020
9 | Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) | 15
10 | Animal and vegetable oils (mg/L) | 5
11 | Petroleum substances (mg/L) | 5
12 | Anionic surfactants (mg/L) | 5
13 | Colority (dilution factor) | 30
14 | Volatile phenols (mg/L) | 0.5
15 | Total cyanides (mg/L) | 0.5
16 | Total mercury (mg/L) | 0.05
17 | Total cadmium (mg/L) | 0.1
18 | Total chromium (mg/L) | 1.5
19 | Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) | 0.5
20 | Total arsenic (mg/L) | 0.5
21 | Total lead (mg/L) | 1.0
22 | Total silver (mg/L) | 0.5
23 | Total A (Bq/L) | 1
24 | Total B (Bq/L) | 10
25 | Total residual chlorine 1)2) (mg/L); Requirement for direct discharge into water bodies | 0.5

Note: 1) For processes using chlorine-based disinfectants, the contact time in the disinfection tank must be ≥1.5 hours, with the total residual chlorine at the outlet of the tank ranging from 6.5 to 10 mg/L. 　　2) No requirement is placed on total residual chlorine when other disinfectants are used. 　　 　　Table 2 Emission limits for water pollutants from comprehensive medical institutions and other medical facilities (daily average values)
Serial Number | Control Parameter | Emission Standard | Pretreatment Standard
1 | Fecal coliforms (MPN/L) | 500 | 5000
2 | Pathogenic intestinal bacteria | Not detectable | –
3 | Intestinal viruses | Not detectable | –
4 | pH | 6–9 | 6–9
5 | Chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g/per bed) | 60 | 60; 250 | 250
6 | Biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g/per bed) | 20 | 20; 100 | 100
7 | Suspended solids (SS) concentration (mg/L); Maximum allowable emission load (g/per bed) | 20 | 20; 60 | 60
8 | Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) | 15 | –
9 | Animal and vegetable oils (mg/L) | 5 | 20
10 | Petroleum substances (mg/L) | 5 | 20
11 | Anionic surfactants (mg/L) | 5 | 10
12 | Colority (dilution factor) | 30 | –
13 | Volatile phenols (mg/L) | 0.5 | 1.0
14 | Total cyanides (mg/L) | 0.5 | 0.5
15 | Total mercury (mg/L) | 0.05 | 0.05
16 | Total cadmium (mg/L) | 0.1 | 0.1
17 | Total chromium (mg/L) | 1.5 | 1.5
18 | Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) | 0.5 | 0.5
19 | Total arsenic (mg/L) | 0.5 | 0.5
20 | Total lead (mg/L) | 1.0 | 1.0
21 | Total silver (mg/L) | 0.5 | 0.5
22 | Total A (Bq/L) | 1 | 1
23 | Total B (Bq/L) | 10 | 10
24 | Total residual chlorine 1)2) (mg/L) | 0.5 | –
Note: 1) For processes using chlorine-based disinfectants, the control requirements are as follows: Primary standard – Contact time in the disinfection tank ≥ 1 hour, with total residual chlorine at the outlet of the tank ranging from 3 to 10 mg/L. 　　　　Secondary standard: Contact time in the disinfection contact tank ≥ 1 hour, with total residual chlorine at the outlet of the contact tank ranging from 2 to 8 mg/L. 　　 2) No requirement is placed on total residual chlorine when other disinfectants are used. 　　4.2 Exhaust Gas Emission Requirements 4.2.1 The exhaust gas emitted from the sewage treatment plant must be treated to remove odors, so as to ensure that the pollutant levels in the air surrounding the plant meet the requirements specified in Table 3. 　　4.2.2 Medical institutions dealing with infectious diseases and tuberculosis must disinfect the exhaust gases discharged from wastewater treatment plants. 　　Table 3 Maximum allowable concentrations of air pollutants around wastewater treatment plants　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Serial Number Control Parameter Standard Value 1 Ammonia (mg/m3) 1.0 2 Hydrogen sulfide (mg/m3) 0.03 3 Odor concentration (dimensionless) 10 4 Chlorine (mg/m3) 0.1 5 Methane (as the highest volume percentage within the treatment plant %) 1% 4.3 Sludge control and disposal 4.3.1 Sludge from screens, septic tanks, and wastewater treatment plants is considered hazardous waste and should be treated and disposed of as such. 　　4.3.2 Monitoring should be conducted before sludge dredging to meet the requirements in Table 4. 　　Table 4 Standards for Sludge Control in Medical Institutions Medical institution type Fecal coliform count (MPN/g) Enteric pathogenic bacteria Enteric viruses Mycobacterium tuberculosis Egg mortality rate of roundworms (%) Infectious disease hospitals ≤100 Not detectable Not detectable - >95 Tuberculosis hospitals ≤100 - - Not detectable >95 General medical institutions and other types of medical institutions ≤100 - - - >95 5 Treatment processes and disinfection requirements 5.1 The wastewater from the patient areas and non-patient areas of medical institutions, as well as that from infectious disease areas and non-infectious disease areas, should be separated; solid infectious waste and various chemical waste liquids must not be discarded or poured into the sewer system. 　　5.2 Infectious disease hospitals and the infectious disease wards in general medical institutions should be equipped with dedicated septic tanks to collect disinfected fecal waste and other infectious waste. 　　5.3 Septic tanks should be designed for the maximum daily discharge volume, with a retention time of 24–36 hours. The cleaning cycle is 180-360 days. 　　5.4 Various special wastewater streams from medical facilities should be collected separately and treated before being discharged into the hospital wastewater treatment system. 　　5.4.1 Low-radioactivity wastewater should be treated in a decay tank. 　　5.4.2 Waste liquid from the developing room should be collected and treated. 　　5.4.3 Mercury-containing wastewater from dental departments should be treated to remove mercury. 　　5.4.4 Laboratory wastewater should be collected separately and treated separately according to the nature of the chemicals used. 　　5.4.5 Oil-containing wastewater should be treated in an oil separator. 　　5.5 For wastewater treatment in medical institutions dealing with infectious diseases and tuberculosis, a treatment process of secondary treatment + disinfection or advanced treatment + disinfection is recommended. 　　5.6 When comprehensive medical institutions discharge wastewater in compliance with the relevant emission standards, it is advisable to adopt a secondary treatment + disinfection process or an advanced treatment + disinfection process ； When applying pretreatment standards, primary treatment or primary enhanced treatment plus disinfection is advisable. 　　5.7 Disinfectants should be selected based on technical and economic analysis; commonly used ones include chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, liquid chlorine, ultraviolet light, and ozone. When using chlorine-based disinfectants, the design shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Tables 1 and 2. 　　5.7.1 For disinfection using ultraviolet light, the concentration of suspended solids in the wastewater should be less than 10 mg/L, the irradiation dose should be 30–40 mJ/cm2, and the irradiation contact time should be greater than 10 seconds or as determined by tests. 　　5.7.2 When using ozone for disinfection, the concentration of suspended solids in the wastewater should be less than 20 mg/L, the ozone dosage should be greater than 10 mg/L, and the contact time should be greater than 12 minutes or as determined by testing. 　　6 Sampling and Monitoring 　　6.1 Sewage Sampling and Monitoring 　　6.1.1 Discharge outlets for facility wastewater treatment systems and those for the unit’s sewage should be installed in accordance with regulations, and signs indicating these discharge outlets should be placed there. 　　6.1.2 Samples are taken at the outlets of the department’s treatment facilities for items 16–22 in Table 1 and items 15–21 in Table 2, while total A and total B are monitored by taking samples at the outlet of the decay tank. Sampling points for other pollutants shall all be located at the discharge outlets of the polluting units. 　　6.1.2 A sewage metering device should be installed at the outlet for discharging wastewater from medical institutions; it is also advisable to install a proportional sewage sampler and online monitoring equipment. 　　6.1.3 Monitoring frequency 6.1.3.1 The count of fecal coliforms shall be monitored at least once a month. When using chlorine-based disinfectants, the total residual chlorine at the outlet of the contact tank must be monitored at least twice a day (for intermittent disinfection, monitoring is carried out before each discharge). 　　6.1.3.2 The main intestinal pathogenic bacteria monitored are Salmonella and Shigella. Salmonella monitoring: at least once per quarter ； The monitoring of Shigella should be conducted at least twice a year. Other pathogenic bacteria and enteroviruses are monitored in accordance with the provisions of 6.1.3.3. Tuberculosis treatment facilities monitor Mycobacterium tuberculosis as needed. 　　6.1.3.3 Hospitals admitting patients with infectious diseases should strengthen the monitoring of enteropathogenic bacteria and enteroviruses. When the number of patients with Class A infectious diseases caused by the same intestinal pathogen or intestinal virus, or the number of patients with Class B infectious diseases, or the number of patients with Class C infectious diseases admitted at the same time exceeds 5, 10, or 20 respectively, monitoring of the pathogen of such infectious disease should be carried out promptly. 　　6.1.3.4 Monitoring frequency of physicochemical indicators: pH should be monitored at least 2 times per day; COD and SS should be monitored once per week; other pollutants should be monitored at least once per quarter. 　　6.1.3.5 Sampling frequency: Sample once every 4 hours, with at least 3 samples per day; the test results shall be based on the average value per day. 　　6.1.4 Supervisory monitoring shall be carried out in accordance with HJ/T91. 　　6.1.5 Monitoring and analysis methods are as per Table 5 and Appendix. 　　6.1.6 The calculation of the unit emission load of pollutants is provided in Appendix F. 　　Table 5 Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water Pollutants
Serial Number | Control Parameter | Detection Method | Detection Limit (mg/L) | Method Source
1 | Fecal coliforms | Multi-tube fermentation method | Appendix A
2 | Salmonella | Appendix B
3 | Shigella | Appendix C
4 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Appendix E
5 | Total residual chlorine | N,N-diethylenediamine spectrophotometry; N,N-diethylenediamine titration method | GB11898, GB11897
6 | Chemical oxygen demand (COD) | Dichromate method | 30 | GB11914
7 | Biological oxygen demand (BOD) | Dilution and inoculation method | 2 | GB7488
8 | Suspended solids (SS) | Gravimetric method | GB11901
9 | Ammonia nitrogen | Distillation and titration method; colorimetric method | 0.2, 0.05 | GB7478, GB7479
10 | Animal and vegetable oils | Infrared photometry | 0.1 | GB/T16488
11 | Petroleum products | Infrared photometry | 0.1 | GB/T16488
12 | Anionic surfactants | Methylene blue spectrophotometry | 0.05 | GB7494
13 | Colority | Dilution factor method | GB11903
14 | pH value | Glass electrode method | GB6920
15 | Total mercury | Cold absorption spectrophotometry; dithizone spectrophotometry | 0.0001, 0.002 | GB7468, GB7469
16 | Volatile phenols | 4-Aminantipyrine spectrophotometry after distillation | 0.002 | GB7490
17 | Total cyanides | Silver nitrate titration method; isonicotinic acid-pyrazoline colorimetric method; pyridine-barbituric acid colorimetric method | 0.25, 0.004, 0.002 | GB7486, GB7486, GB7486
18 | Total cadmium | Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (chelation extraction method); dithizone spectrophotometry | 0.001, 0.001 | GB7475, GB7471
19 | Total chromium | Potassium permanganate oxidation–diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry | 0.004 | GB7466
20 | Hexavalent chromium | Diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry | 0.004 | GB7467
21 | Total arsenic | Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry | 0.007 | GB7485
22 | Total lead | Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (chelation extraction method); dithizone spectrophotometry | 0.01, 0.01 | GB7475, GB7470
23 | Total silver | Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; cadmium reagent 2B spectrophotometry | 0.03, 0.01 | GB11907, GB11908
24 | Total Alpha | Thick source method | 0.05 Bq/L | EJ/T1075
25 | Total Beta | Evaporation method | EJ/T900

6.2 Air Sampling and Monitoring
6.2.1 The methods for arranging air monitoring points and conducting sampling at sewage treatment plants shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions in Appendix C and HJ/T55 of GB16297. 　　6.2.2 Sampling frequency: Sample every 2 hours, for a total of 4 times; the highest measured value shall be taken. Monitor once per quarter. 　　6.2.3 Monitoring and analysis methods are as shown in Table 6. 　　Table 6 Methods for Monitoring and Analyzing Air Pollutants Sequence Number, Control Parameter, Detection Method, Source of Method 1. Ammonia: Sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry, GB/T14679 2. Hydrogen sulfide: Gas chromatography, GB/T14678 3. Odor concentration (dimensionless): Three-point comparison odor bag method, GB/T14675 4. Chlorine: Methyl orange spectrophotometry, HJ/T30 5. Methane: Gas chromatography, CJ/3037 6.3 Sludge sampling and monitoring 6.3.1 Sampling method: Multiple sampling points should be used; the samples must be representative, with a weight of no less than 1 kg. Monitoring before dewatering. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　6.3.2 The monitoring and analysis methods are provided in Appendices A, B, C, D, and E. 　　7 Implementation and Supervision of the Standard 　　7.1 The implementation of this standard is under the supervision of the environmental protection administrative departments at or above the county level. 　　7.2 When the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government find that implementing this standard does not enable them to meet the environmental function requirements of their respective regions, they may establish local pollutant emission standards that are stricter than this standard, based on total emission control requirements and the results of environmental impact assessments.

3. \"Standards for the Discharge of Wastewater Sludge from Urban Sewage Treatment Plants\" GJ3025-93 1. Subject matter and scope of application This standard specifies the standard values for the discharge of wastewater sludge from urban sewage treatment plants, as well as the procedures for testing, discharge, and supervision. This standard applies to municipal sewage treatment plants across the country. Localities may formulate local standards for the discharge of wastewater sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants based on these standards and in consideration of local conditions. In case special circumstances require a relaxation of this standard, approval from the standard-setting authority must be sought. 2. Referenced standards: GJ18 – Quality standards for wastewater discharged into urban sewers; GB3838 – Quality standards for surface water environments; GB4284 – Standards for controlling pollutants in agricultural sludge; GB3097 – Quality standards for seawater; GJ26 – Standards for testing the quality of urban wastewater; GJ31 – Design standards for auxiliary buildings and equipment in municipal wastewater treatment plants. 3. Referenced standards: 3.1 The quality of water entering municipal wastewater treatment plants shall not exceed the limits specified in standard GJ18. 3.2 Urban sewage treatment plants are classified into primary treatment and secondary treatment, depending on the treatment process and degree of purification. 3.3 The water quality discharge standards for water treated by urban sewage treatment plants shall comply with the provisions in Table 1. Water quality discharge standards for urban sewage treatment plants (mg/L) Table 1: Sequence Number, Treatment Level, Standard Values; Parameters – Primary treatment, Secondary treatment: Maximum allowable discharge concentration, Treatment efficiency %, Maximum allowable discharge concentration. 1. pH value: 6.5–8.5, 6.5–8.5 2. Suspended solids

This post was last edited by cdpulin on 2009-10-21 at 12:00. 4. Preface to the \"Emission Standards for Pollutants from Urban Sewage Treatment Plants\" GB 18918–2002: In order to implement the \"Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China\", the \"Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China\", and the \"Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes\", to promote the construction and management of urban sewage treatment plants, to strengthen the control of pollutant emissions from such plants and the reuse of treated wastewater, to protect human health, and to maintain a healthy ecological environment, this standard has been formulated in line with China’s \"Technical Policies for Urban Sewage Treatment and Pollution Prevention and Control\". 　This standard specifies, by period, the control items and standard values for pollutants in the effluent, exhaust gas, and sludge from urban sewage treatment plants. 　As of the date of implementation of this standard, this standard shall apply uniformly to the discharge of water pollutants and air pollutants, as well as the control of sludge in urban sewage treatment plants. 　Industrial wastewater and hospital wastewater discharged into urban sewage treatment plants must meet the requirements set out in GB8978 \"Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards\", the **discharge standards for relevant industries**, the corresponding limits specified in local discharge standards, as well as the requirements regarding local total emission controls. 　This standard is being published for the first time. 　 This standard was proposed and is under the responsibility of the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of the **Ministry of Environmental Protection. 　This standard was drafted by the Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection Science and the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences. 　This standard was approved by the **General Administration of Environmental Protection on December 2, 2002. 　This standard is interpreted by the **General Administration of Environmental Protection. 1. Scope This standard specifies the pollutant limits for effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants, exhaust gas emissions, and sludge disposal (control). 　This standard applies to the management of effluent discharge, exhaust gas emissions, and sludge disposal (control) in municipal wastewater treatment plants. 　The management of pollutant emissions from independent domestic wastewater treatment facilities in residential communities and industrial enterprises is also governed by these standards. 2. Normative reference documents The provisions of the following standards become part of this standard through reference to it, and have the same validity as the provisions of this standard. 　GB3838 – Standards for the environmental quality of surface water; GB3097 – Standards for the quality of seawater; GB3095 – Standards for ambient air quality; GB4284 – Standards for controlling pollutants in agricultural sludge; GB8978 – Comprehensive standards for wastewater discharge; GB12348 – Standards for noise levels at the boundaries of industrial enterprises; GB16297 – Comprehensive standards for the emission of air pollutants; HJ/T55 – Guidelines for monitoring unorganized emissions of air pollutants. When these standards are revised, their latest versions should be used. 3. Terms and Definitions 3.1 Municipal wastewater refers to domestic wastewater from urban residents, wastewater from government agencies, schools, hospitals, commercial establishments, and various public facilities, as well as industrial wastewater and initial rainwater that are permitted to be discharged into the municipal wastewater collection system. 3.2 A municipal wastewater treatment plant refers to a wastewater treatment facility that purifies the wastewater entering the municipal wastewater collection system. 3.3 Enhanced primary treatment: A treatment process that builds upon conventional primary treatment (gravity sedimentation) by adding chemical coagulation, mechanical filtration, or partial biological treatment, in order to improve the effectiveness of the primary treatment. 4. Technical Content 4.1 Discharge standards for water pollutants 4.1.1 Control items and classification 4.1.1.1 Based on the source and nature of the pollutants, the control items for pollutants are divided into two categories: basic control items and optional control items. The basic control items mainly include conventional pollutants that affect the water environment and can be removed by the general treatment processes of municipal wastewater treatment plants, as well as some category 1 pollutants, totaling 19 items. The selected control items include pollutants that have a long-term impact on the environment or are highly toxic, totaling 43 items. 4.1.1.2 Basic control items must be implemented. Control items are selected by the local environmental protection administrative authorities, based on the types of industrial pollutants received by the wastewater treatment plant and the requirements regarding water quality. 4.1.2 Standard Classification: Based on the environmental functions and protection objectives of surface water bodies affected by wastewater from urban sewage treatment plants, as well as the treatment processes used in such plants, the standard values for conventional pollutants under basic control items are classified into first-level standards, second-level standards, and third-level standards. The first-level standards are divided into Standard A and Standard B. One category of heavy metal pollutants and selected control items are not graded. 4.1.2.1 Standard a of the first-level standard represents the basic requirements for wastewater from urban sewage treatment plants to be used as reclaimed water. When the effluent from wastewater treatment plants is discharged into rivers and lakes with limited dilution capacity for use as urban landscape water and general reclaimed water, Standard A of Level 1 is applied. 4.1.2.2 When the effluent from urban sewage treatment plants is discharged into surface water areas classified as Category III under GB3838 (with the exception of designated drinking water source protection areas and swimming areas), into sea water areas classified as Category II under GB3097, and into enclosed or semi-enclosed water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs, Standard B of the first-level standards shall be applied. 4.1.2.3 When the effluent from urban sewage treatment plants is discharged into surface water areas classified as Category IV or V under GB3838, or into marine waters classified as Category III or IV under GB3097, the secondary treatment standards shall be applied. 4.1.2.4 For sewage treatment plants in established towns located in areas that are not under strict control or in water source protection zones, when a first-stage enhanced treatment process is adopted based on local economic conditions and water pollution control requirements, the third-level standards shall be applied. However, space must be reserved for secondary treatment facilities to meet the secondary standards in phases. 4.1.3 Standard values 4.1.3.1 For the basic control items regarding the discharge of water pollutants from urban sewage treatment plants, the provisions in Tables 1 and 2 shall be applied. 4.1.3.2 The selection of control items shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Table 3. Table 1 Maximum allowable emission concentrations for key control parameters (average daily value), in mg/l. Sequence Number, Key Control Parameter, Level 1 Standard, Level 2 Standard, Level 3 Standard, Standard A, Standard B: 1 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): 50, 60, 100, 120①; 2 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5): 10, 20, 30, 60②; 3 Suspended Solids (SS): 10, 20, 30, 50; 4 Animal and vegetable oils: 1, 3, 5, 20; 5 Petroleum substances: 1, 3, 5, 15; 6 Anionic surfactants: 0.5, 1, 2, 5; 7 Total nitrogen (as N): 15, 20, –, –; 8 Ammonia nitrogen (as N)②: 5(8), 8(15), 25(30), –; 9 Total phosphorus (as P): For facilities constructed before December 31, 2005: 1, 1.5, 3, 5; for facilities constructed starting from January 1, 2006: 0.5, 1, 3, 5; 10 Colority (dilution factor): 30, 30, 40, 50; 11 pH: 6–9; 12 Coliform bacteria count (per liter): 1000, 10,000, 10,000, –. Note: ① In the following cases, the removal rate should be applied as the criterion: when the incoming water’s COD is greater than 350 mg/l, the removal rate must be greater than 60% ； When bod is greater than 160 mg/L, the removal rate should be greater than 50%. ②The values outside the parentheses are the control parameters when the water temperature is >12°C, while the values inside the parentheses are the control parameters when the water temperature is ≤12°C. Table 2 Maximum allowable emission concentrations (average daily value) for some category I pollutants, in mg/l. Sequence Number, Parameter, Standard Value: 1, Total mercury, 0.001; 2, Alkylmercury, Not detectable; 3, Total cadmium, 0.01; 4, Total chromium, 0.1; 5, Hexavalent chromium, 0.05; 6, Total arsenic, 0.1; 7, Total lead, 0.1. Pollutant emission standards for urban sewage treatment plants. Table 3 Maximum allowable emission concentrations (average daily value) for selected control parameters, in mg/l. Sequence Number, Selected Control Parameter, Standard Value: 1, Total nickel, 0.05; 23, Trichloroethylene, 0.3; 2, Total beryllium, 0.002; 24, Tetrachloroethylene, 0.1; 3, Total silver, 0.1; 25, Benzene, 0.1; 4, Total copper, 0.5; 26, Toluene, 0.1; 5, Total zinc, 1.0; 27, o-Xylene, 0.4; 6, Total manganese, 2.0; 28, p-Xylene, 0.4; 7, Total selenium, 0.1; 29, m-Xylene, 0.4; 8, Benzo(a)pyrene, 0.00003; 30, Ethylbenzene, 0.4; 9, Volatile phenols, 0.5; 31, Chlorobenzene, 0.3; 10, Total cyanides, 0.5; 32, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 0.4; 11, Sulfides, 1.0; 33, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, 1.0; 12, Formaldehyde, 1.0; 34, p-Nitrochlorobenzene, 0.5; 13, Anilines, 0.5; 35, 2,4-Dichlorobenzene, 0.5; 14, Total nitrocompounds, 2.0; 36, Phenol, 0.3; 15, Organophosphorus pesticides (expressed as P), 0.5; 37, m-Cresol, 0.1; 16, Malathion, 1.0; 38, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 0.6; 17, Dieldrin, 0.5; 39, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, 0.6; 18, Parathion, 0.05; 40, dibutyl phthalate, 0.1; 19, methyl parathion, 0.2; 41, dioctyl phthalate, 0.1; 20, Pentachlorophenol, 0.5; 42, Acrylonitrile, 2.0; 21, Chloroform, 0.3; 43, Adsorbable organic halides (AOX, expressed as Cl), 1.0; 22, Carbon tetrachloride, 0.03. 4.1.4 Sampling and monitoring. 4.1.4.1 Water sampling shall be conducted at the discharge outlet at the end of the sewage treatment plant’s treatment process. Automatic wastewater flow meters and automatic proportional sampling devices should be installed at the discharge outlet, while online monitoring devices should be set up for key water quality parameters such as pH, water temperature, and COD. 4.1.4.2 The sampling frequency shall be at least once every 2 hours, with a 24-hour mixed sample taken to calculate the average daily value. 4.1.4.3 The monitoring and analysis methods shall be carried out in accordance with Table 7 or the alternative methods and equivalent methods recognized by the State Environmental Protection Administration. 4.2 Emission standards for air pollutants 4.2.1 Standard classification The standards are divided into three levels based on the requirements regarding air quality in the area where urban sewage treatment plants are located, as well as the technologies and facilities available for controlling air pollutants. 4.2.1.1 All municipal sewage treatment plants located in Class I areas under GB3095, including those existing as well as those newly built, renovated, or expanded, shall comply with the first-class standards as of the date of implementation of these standards. 4.2.1.2 Sewage treatment plants located in Class II and Class III areas under GB3095 shall comply with Level 2 and Level 3 standards respectively. For urban sewage treatment plants constructed (including renovations and expansions) before June 30, 2003, the standard date for implementation was January 1, 2006 ； For new urban sewage treatment plants (including those that are renovated or expanded) constructed as of July 1, 2003, these standards shall come into effect from the date of implementation of these standards. 4.2.1.3 A green belt should be established around newly built (including renovated and expanded) municipal sewage treatment plants, with a certain protective distance in place; the size of this protective distance is determined through environmental impact assessment. 4.2.2 Standard values The emission standard values for waste gas from urban sewage treatment plants shall be in accordance with the provisions in Table 4. Table 4 Maximum allowable concentrations of exhaust gas emissions at the plant boundary (edge of the protection zone), in units of mg/m3. Sequence Number, Control Parameter, Level 1 Standard, Level 2 Standard, Level 3 Standard: 1. Ammonia: 1.0, 1.5, 4.0; 2. Hydrogen sulfide: 0.03, 0.06, 0.32; 3. Odor concentration (dimensionless): 10, 20, 60; 4. Methane (maximum volume percentage within the plant area): 0.5, 1, 1. 4.2.3 Sampling and monitoring: 4.2.3.1 Monitoring points for ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration shall be located at the points where the concentration is highest, either at the boundary of the municipal sewage treatment plant or at the edge of the protection zone ； The methane monitoring station is located at the point with the highest concentration within the plant area. 4.2.3.2 The methods for arranging monitoring points and sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions in Appendix C of GB16297 and TJ/T55. 4.2.3.3 Sampling frequency: Sample every 2 hours, for a total of 4 times; the highest measured value shall be taken. 4.2.3.4 The monitoring and analysis methods shall be carried out in accordance with Table 8. 4.3 Sludge control standards 4.3.1 The sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants shall be stabilized, and after stabilization it shall meet the requirements specified in Table 5. Table 5 Control indicators for sludge stabilization
Stabilization method | Control items | Control indicators
Anaerobic digestion | Organic matter degradation rate (%) | >40
Aerobic digestion | Organic matter degradation rate (%) | >40
Aerobic composting | Moisture content (%) | 50; Death rate of worm eggs (%) | >95; Coliform count | >0.01
4.3.2 Sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants should be dewatered, with the moisture content of the dewatered sludge being less than 80%. 4.3.3 When the treated sludge is landfilled, it must meet the relevant environmental protection requirements for safe landfilling. 4.3.4 When the treated sludge is used in agriculture, its pollutant content shall meet the requirements specified in Table 6. Its application conditions must comply with the relevant provisions of GB4284. Table 6 Limits for Pollutant Control When Sludge Is Used in Agriculture
Serial Number | Control Parameter | Maximum Allowable Content (mg/kg dry sludge) | On acidic soil (pH=6.5)
1 | Total cadmium | 5 | 20
2 | Total mercury | 5 | 15
3 | Total lead | 300 | 1000
4 | Total chromium | 600 | 1000
5 | Total arsenic | 75 | 75
6 | Total nickel | 100 | 200
7 | Total zinc | 2000 | 3000
8 | Total copper | 800 | 1500
9 | Boron | 150 | 150
10 | Petroleum hydrocarbons | 3000 | 3000
11 | Benzo(a)pyrene | 3 | 3
12 | Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), in ng per toxic unit/kg of dry sludge | 100 | 100
13 | Adsorbed organic halides (AOX), calculated as Cl | 500 | 500
14 | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 0.2 | 0.2

4.3.5 Sampling and Monitoring
4.3.5.1 Sampling method: Multiple sampling points should be used, ensuring that the samples are representative; the weight of each sample should be no less than 1 kg. 4.3.5.2 The monitoring and analysis methods shall be carried out in accordance with Table 9. 4.4 Noise control in urban sewage treatment plants shall be carried out in accordance with GB12348. 4.5 The construction time (including renovation and expansion) of urban sewage treatment plants shall be subject to the date of approval of the environmental impact assessment report. 5. Other provisions: When the effluent from urban sewage treatment plants is used as a water resource for various purposes such as agriculture, industry, municipal use, and groundwater recharging, it must also meet the corresponding water quality standards, so as to avoid any adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. 　 　 Emission standards for pollutants from urban sewage treatment plants 6. Implementation and supervision of the standards 6.1 The implementation of these standards is the responsibility of the environmental protection administrative departments at the county level or above. 6.2 When the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government find that the implementation of pollutant discharge standards does not meet the environmental function requirements of their respective regions, they may establish local pollutant discharge standards that are stricter than these standards, in accordance with the requirements for total emission control and the results of environmental impact assessments, and shall file such standards with the administrative department in charge of environmental protection. Table 7 Methods for monitoring and analysis of water pollutants
No. Controlled parameter Measurement method Lower limit of detection (mg/L) Source of method
1 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Dichromate method 30 GB11914–89
2 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Dilution and inoculation method 2 GB7488–87
3 Suspended solids (SS) Gravimetric method GB11901–89
4 Animal and vegetable oils Infrared photometry 0.1 GB/T16488–1996
5 Petroleum substances Infrared photometry 0.1 GB/T16488–1996
6 Anionic surfactants Methylene blue spectrophotometry 0.05 GB7494–87
7 Total nitrogen Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion–ultraviolet spectrophotometry 0.05 GB11894–89
8 Ammonia nitrogen Distillation and titration method 0.2 GB7478–87
9 Total phosphorus Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry 0.01 GB11893–89
10 Color Dilution ratio method GB11903–89
11 pH value Glass electrode method GB6920–86
12 Fecal coliform count Multiple-tube fermentation method 1)
13 Total mercury Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.0001 GB7468–87
Dithizone spectrophotometry 0.002 GB7469–87
14 Alkylmercury Gas chromatography 10 ng/L GB/T14204–93
15 Total cadmium Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (chelate extraction method) 0.001 GB7475–87
Dithizone spectrophotometry 0.001 GB7471–87
16 Total chromium Potassium permanganate oxidation–diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry 0.004 GB7466–87
17 Hexavalent chromium Diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry 0.004 GB7467–87
18 Total arsenic Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry 0.007 GB7485–87
19 Total lead Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (chelate extraction method) 0.01 GB7475–87
Dithizone spectrophotometry 0.01 GB7470–87
20 Total nickel Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.05 GB11912–89
Dimedon oxime spectrophotometry 0.25 GB11910–89
21 Total beryllium Activated carbon adsorption–chromazurol S photometry 1)
22 Total silver Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.03 GB11907–89
Cadmium reagent 2B spectrophotometry 0.01 GB11908–89
23 Total copper Atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.01 GB7475–87
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry 0.01 GB7474–87
24 Total zinc Atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.05 GB7475–87
Dithizone spectrophotometry 0.005 GB7472–87
25 Total manganese Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry 0.01 GB11911–89
Potassium periodate spectrophotometry 0.02 GB11906–89
26 Total selenium 2,3-Diaminonaphthalene fluorescence method 0.25 μg/L GB11902–89
27 Benzo[a]pyrene High-performance liquid chromatography 0.001 μg/L GB13198–91
Acetylated filter paper chromatographic fluorescence spectrophotometry 0.004 μg/L GB11895–89
28 Volatile phenols 4-Aminoantipyrine spectrophotometry after distillation 0.002 GB7490–87
29 Total cyanide Silver nitrate titration method 0.25 GB7486–87
Isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone colorimetric method 0.004 GB7486–87
Pyridine-barbituric acid colorimetric method 0.002 GB7486–87
30 Sulfides Methylene blue spectrophotometry 0.005 GB/T16489–1996
Direct color development spectrophotometry 0.004 GB/T17133–1997
31 Formaldehyde Acetylacetone spectrophotometry 0.05 GB13197–91
32 Anilines N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine azo spectrophotometry 0.03 GB11889–89
33 Total nitro compounds Gas chromatography 5 μg/L GB4919–85
34 Organophosphorus pesticides (expressed as P) Gas chromatography 0.5 μg/L GB13192–91
35 Malathion Gas chromatography 0.64 μg/L GB13192–91
36 Dimethoate Gas chromatography 0.57 μg/L GB13192–91
37 Parathion Gas chromatography 0.54 μg/L GB13192–91
38 Methyl parathion Gas chromatography 0.42 μg/L GB13192–91
39 Pentachlorophenol Gas chromatography 0.04 μg/L GB8972–88
Safranin T spectrophotometry 0.01 GB9803–88
40 Trichloromethane Headspace gas chromatography 0.30 μg/L GB/T17130–1997
41 Carbon tetrachloride Headspace gas chromatography 0.05 μg/L GB/T17130–1997
42 Trichloroethylene Headspace gas chromatography 0.50 μg/L GB/T17130–1997
43 Tetrachloroethylene Headspace gas chromatography 0.2 μg/L GB/T17130–1997
44 Benzene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
45 Toluene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
46 o-Xylene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
47 p-Xylene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
48 m-Xylene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
49 Ethylbenzene Gas chromatography 0.05 GB11890–89
50 Chlorobenzene Gas chromatography HJ/T74–2001
51 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Gas chromatography 0.005 GB/T17131–1997
52 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Gas chromatography 0.002 GB/T17131–1997
53 p-Nitrochlorobenzene Gas chromatography GB13194–91
54 2,4-***Chlorobenzene Gas chromatography GB13194–91
55 Phenol Liquid chromatography 1.0 μg/L 1)
56 m-Cresol Liquid chromatography 0.8 μg/L 1)
57 2,4-Dichlorophenol Liquid chromatography 1.1 μg/L 1)
58 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Liquid chromatography 0.8 μg/L 1)
59 Dibutyl phthalate Gas and liquid chromatography HJ/T72–2001
60 Dioctyl phthalate Gas and liquid chromatography HJ/T72–2001
61 Acrylonitrile Gas chromatography HJ/T73–2001
62 Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) (expressed as Cl) Microcoulometric method 10 μg/L GB/T15959–1995
Ion chromatography HJ/T83–2001

Note: The following methods are temporarily adopted; once the relevant **method standards are released, those standards shall be implemented.** 1) “Methods for Monitoring and Analyzing Water and Wastewater (3rd and 4th Editions),” China Environmental Science Press. Table 8: Methods for Monitoring and Analyzing Air Pollutants. Sequence Number, Control Parameter, Detection Method, Source of Method: 1. Ammonia – Sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry, GB/T 14679-93; 2. Hydrogen sulfide – Gas chromatography, GB/T 14678-93; 3. Odor concentration – Three-point comparison odor bag method, GB/T 14675-93; 4. Methane – Gas chromatography, CJ/T 3037-95. Table 9: Methods for Monitoring and Analyzing Sludge Characteristics and Pollutants. Sequence Number, Control Parameter, Detection Method, Source of Method: 1. Sludge moisture content – Drying method; 2. Organic matter – Potassium dichromate method; 3. Egg mortality rate of worms – Microscopy method, GB 7959-87; 4. Fecal coliform count – Fermentation method, GB 7959-87; 5. Total cadmium – Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17141-1997; 6. Total mercury – Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17136-1997; 7. Total lead – Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17141-1997; 8. Total chromium – Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17137-1997; 9. Total arsenic – Potassium borohydride-silver nitrate spectrophotometry, GB/T 17135-1997; 10. Boron – Curcumin colorimetry; 11. Mineral oil – Infrared spectrophotometry; 12. Benzo(a)pyrene – Gas chromatography; 13. Total copper – Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17138-1997; 14. Total zinc – Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17138-1997; 15. Total nickel – Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GB/T 17139-1997; 16. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) – Isotope dilution high-resolution capillary gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, HJ/T 77-2001; 17. Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) – To be determined; 18. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – Gas chromatography – To be determined. Note: The methods listed below are currently in use; once the corresponding standard methods are released, those standards will be applied. 1) Methods for the Monitoring and Analysis of Municipal Waste in Agricultural Use 2) Methods for the Monitoring and Analysis of Agricultural Sludge

5. Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) 1 Scope 1.1 In accordance with the functional classification and protection objectives of surface water environments, this standard specifies the parameters and limits for which water quality must be controlled, as well as the methods for assessing water quality, the analysis techniques for these parameters, and the procedures for implementing and supervising these standards. 1.2 This standard applies to surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, canals, channels, and reservoirs that have functional uses within the territory of the People’s Republic of China. Water bodies with specific functions are subject to the corresponding professional water quality standards. 2 Referenced standards: The \"Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water\" (Ministry of Health, 2001), as well as the provisions contained in the analytical method standards and specifications listed in Tables 4–6 of these standards, are incorporated into this standard by reference; such provisions constitute part of this standard and have the same validity as the provisions of this standard. When the aforementioned standards and specifications are revised, their latest versions should be used. 3 Classification of water body functions and standards: Based on the environmental functions and protection objectives of surface water bodies, they are divided into five categories in order of functional importance ； Class I is mainly applicable to source water, **nature reserves ； Category II is mainly applicable to the primary protection zones of surface water sources for centralized domestic drinking water, habitats for rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimp, and feeding areas for young fish ； Class III is mainly applicable to fishery waters such as secondary protection zones for surface water sources of centralized drinking water, overwintering areas for fish and shrimp, migration routes, and aquaculture areas, as well as swimming areas ； Class IV: Mainly suitable for general industrial water use areas and recreational water areas where there is no direct human contact ； Class V is mainly suitable for agricultural water use areas and waters with general landscape requirements. In line with the five functional categories of surface water mentioned above, the standard values for the basic parameters of surface water environmental quality are divided into five categories, with each functional category requiring compliance with the corresponding standard values. The standard values for water areas with higher functional categories are stricter than those for water areas with lower functional categories. Where the same water body serves multiple purposes, the standard value corresponding to the highest category of use shall be applied. Achieving the water area function is synonymous with meeting the functional category standards. 4 Standard values 4.1 The standard limits for the basic parameters of surface water environmental quality are shown in Table 1. 4.2 The standard limits for supplementary projects using surface water sources as sources of centralized drinking water are shown in Table 2. 4.3 The standard limit values for specific parameters at surface water sources for centralized domestic drinking water are shown in Table 3. 5 Water Quality Assessment 5.1 The assessment of surface water environmental quality should involve the use of standards corresponding to the desired functional category of the water body, so as to conduct a single-factor assessment. The results of this assessment should indicate whether the water quality meets the specified standards; in cases where it does not meet them, it is necessary to specify the parameters that exceed the limits and by how much. 5.2 In waters with distinct characteristics during high, normal, and low water periods, water quality assessment should be conducted by water period. 5.3 The items for the water quality assessment of surface water sources for centralized domestic drinking water should include the basic items listed in Table 1. The supplementary items in Table 2, as well as the specific items selected and determined by the environmental protection administrative departments at or above the county level from Table 3. 6 Water Quality Monitoring 6.1 For the standard values specified in these standards, it is required that after water samples are collected, they be allowed to settle naturally for 30 minutes, after which the upper layer that has not settled is taken for analysis using the prescribed methods. 6.2 The sampling locations and monitoring frequency for surface water quality monitoring shall comply with the requirements of the **Technical Specifications for Surface Water Environment Monitoring**. 6.3 For the analysis of water quality parameters specified in this standard, the methods listed in Tables 4–6 should be given priority; other equivalent analysis methods from the ISO methodology system may also be used, provided that their suitability is verified. 7 Implementation and Supervision of the Standard 7.1 This standard is supervised and implemented by the environmental protection administrative departments at or above the county level, as well as relevant departments, in accordance with their respective responsibilities. 7.2 The water quality parameters of surface water sources used for centralized domestic drinking water that exceed the specified limits must meet the requirements of the \"Hygienic Standards for Domestic Drinking Water\" after being purified by the water treatment plant. 7.3 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate local supplementary standards for items not covered by these standards, and submit them to the environmental protection administrative department of the State Council for the record. Table 1 Standard limit units for basic items of surface water environmental quality standards: mg/L Table 1 Standard limit units for basic items of surface water environmental quality standards: mg/L No. Classification Standard Value Item Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Class V 1 Water temperature (℃) Human-induced changes in environmental water temperature should be limited to: Weekly average maximum temperature rise ≤ 1 Weekly average maximum temperature drop ≤ 2 2 pH value (dimensionless) 6~9 3 Dissolved oxygen ≥ 90% saturation rate (or 7.5) 6 5 3 2 4 Permanganate index ≤ 2 4 6 10 15 5 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ≤ 15 15 20 30 40 6 Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) ≤ 3 3 4 6 10 7 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) ≤ 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 8 Total phosphorus (calculated as P) ≤ 0.02 (0.01 for lakes and reservoirs) 0.1 (0.025 for lakes and reservoirs) 0.2 (0.05 for lakes and reservoirs) 0.3 (0.1 for lakes and reservoirs) 0.4 (0.2 for lakes and reservoirs) 9 Total nitrogen (for lakes and reservoirs, calculated as N) ≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 105 2.0 10 Copper ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 Zinc ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 12 Fluoride (calculated as F-) ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 13 Selenium ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 14 Arsenic ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 15 Mercury ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 16 Cadmium ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 17 Chromium (hexavalent) ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 18 Lead ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 19 Cyanide ≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 21 Petroleum ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 22 Anionic surfactant ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 23 Sulfide ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 24 Fecal coliform (pieces/L) ≤ 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 Table 2 Standard limit units for centralized drinking water surface water source replenishment projects: mg/L Serial number item standard value 1 Sulfate (as SO42-) 250 2 Chloride (as Cl-) 250 3 Nitrate (as N) 10 4 Iron 0.3 5 Manganese 0.1 Table 3 Standard limit value units for specific projects in centralized drinking water surface water sources: mg/L Serial number item standard value Serial number item standard value 1 Trichloromethane 0.06 41 Acrylamide 0.0005 2 Carbon tetrachloride 0.002 42 Acrylonitrile 0.1 3 Bromoform 0.1 43 Dibutyl phthalate 0.003 4 Dichloromethane 0.02 44 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.008 5 1,2-dichloroethane 0.03 45 Hydrazine hydrate 0.01 6 Epichlorohydrin 0.02 46 Tetraethyl lead 0.0001 7 Vinyl chloride 0.005 47 Pyridine 0.2 8 1,1-dichloroethylene 0.03 48 Turpentine 0.2 9 1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.05 49 Picric acid 0.5 10 Trichlorethylene 0.07 50 Butylxanthate 0.005 11 Tetrachlorethylene 0.04 51 Active chlorine 0.01 12 Chloroprene 0.002 52 DDT 0.001 13 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.0006 53 Lindane 0.002 14 Styrene 0.02 54 Heptachlor epoxide 0.0002 15 Formaldehyde 0.9 55 Parathion 0.003 16 Acetaldehyde 0.05 56 Methyl parathion 0.002 17 Acrolein 0.1 57 Malathion 0.05 18 Trichloroacetaldehyde 0.01 58 Dimethoate 0.08 19 Benzene 0.01 59 Dichlorvos 0.05 20 Toluene 0.7 60 Trichlorfon 0.05 21 Ethylbenzene 0.3 61 Systemic phosphorus 0.03 22 Xylene ① 0.5 62 Chlorothalonil 0.01 23 Cumene 0.25 63 Carbaryl 0.05 24 Chlorobenzene 0.3 64 Deltamethrin 0.02 25 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.0 65 Atrazine 0.003 26 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.3 66 Benzo(a)pyrene 2.8×10-6 27 Trichlorobenzene② 0.02 67 Methylmercury 1.0×10-6 28 Tetrachlorobenzene③ 0.02 68 Polychlorinated biphenyls⑥ 2.0×10-6 29 Hexachlorobenzene 0.05 69 Microcystin-LR 0.001 30 * * * 0.017 70 Yellow phosphorus 0.003 31 * * * Benzene ④ 0.5 71 Molybdenum 0.07 32 2, 4- * * * Toluene 0.0003 72 Cobalt 1.0 33 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene 0.5 73 Beryllium 0.002 34 Nitrochlorobenzene⑤ 0.05 74 Boron 0.5 35 2,4- * * * Chlorobenzene 0.5 75 Antimony 0.005 36 2,4-Dichlorophenol 0.093 76 Nickel 0.02 37 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 0.2 77 Barium 0.7 38 Pentachlorophenol 0.009 78 Vanadium 0.05 39 Aniline 0.1 79 Titanium 0.1 40 Benzidine 0.0002 80 Thallium 0.0001 Note: ①xylene: Refers to para-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene. ②Trichlorobenzene: refers to 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. ③Tetrachlorobenzene: refers to 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. ④***Benzene: refers to p-***benzene, m-***benzene, and o-***benzene. ⑤Nitrochlorobenzene: refers to p-nitrochlorobenzene, m-nitrochlorobenzene, and o-nitrochlorobenzene. ⑥Polychlorinated biphenyls: refer to PCB-1016, PCB-1221, PCB1232, PCB1242, PCB-1248, PCB-1254, PCB-1260.

6. Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants in the Papermaking Industry, GB 3544—92 7. Standards for Discharge of Pollutants in the Shipbuilding Industry, GB4286—84 8. Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants in the Meat Processing Industry, GB13457—92 9. Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants in the Iron and Steel Industry, GB13456—92 10. Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants in the Aerospace Propellant Industry, GB14374—93 11. Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants in the Phosphate Fertilizer Industry, GB15580—95 .................

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