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Demister: The demister is installed at the top of the tower; its function is to separate the liquid droplets contained in the gas at the tower top, thereby ensuring the quality of the distillate produced there. The foam eliminators currently in use include fold plate type, mesh type, and swirl type, among which the mesh foam eliminator is the most widely used; its structure is shown in Figure 6-17. Multiple layers of mesh are clamped with grating plates and secured to the support ring with bolts; for towers with large diameters, the mesh can also be arranged in sections. Mesh is woven from round or flat wires, with materials such as stainless steel, phosphor bronze, galvanized iron wire, polytetrafluoroethylene, and nylon being commonly used. Screen foam eliminators have advantages such as a large specific surface area, light weight, large pores, ease of use, high foam elimination efficiency, and low pressure drop. Suitable for cleaning gases; it should not be used in situations where the liquid droplets contain solid substances or are prone to forming solids, such as alkaline solutions or ammonium bicarbonate solutions, to prevent solids from remaining after the liquid evaporates and blocking the mesh. When the mist contains a small amount of suspended particles, it should be rinsed regularly. When installing a wire mesh demister, appropriate separation space should be left above and below it. http://210.28.8.218/%C0%BC%D6%DD%CA%AF%BB%AF%D6%B0%D2%B5%BC%BC%CA%F5%D1%A7%D4%BA-%BB%AF%B9%A4%C9%E8%B1%B8/image028-3.jpg Figure 6-17 Wire mesh demister 1 – Tower body ; 2 – Tightening bolts ; 3 – Gasket ; 4 – Screen ; 5 – Grid plates (one upper and one lower, forming separate units) ; 6 – Support Circle ; 7 – Vortex preventers and strainers: When liquid flows out from the bottom of the tower, if it contains vortices, these vortices can draw in oil and gas into the pumps connected to the bottom outlet of the tower, thereby increasing the risk of pump cavitation. For this reason, vortex preventers are usually installed at the bottom of the tower; their structure is shown in Figure 6-18. The discharge port shown in (b) of the figure is at the same level as the bottom of the tower, and is used for clean materials ; (a) The drain pipe shown extends a certain distance into the bottom of the tower, usually more than 50 mm, and is suitable for materials with slight sedimentation, in order to prevent the sediment from being drawn into the pump. When the diameter of the drain pipe is less than 150 mm, a steel plate is welded at the pipe opening; when the diameter is greater than 150 mm, a cross-shaped plate can be welded at the pipe opening, as shown in figures (c) and (d). In vacuum distillation columns, catalytic cracking fractionation columns, etc., bottom filter traps are installed to prevent coke chunks from entering the bottom outlet pipe and being carried into the pump, thereby avoiding disruptions to normal operation. The structure of a common focus filter is shown in Figure 6-19: it is a cylinder with a conical cap, and the cylinder wall is equipped with filter holes with a diameter of 10 mm, spaced 25 mm apart. http://210.28.8.218/%C0%BC%D6%DD%CA%AF%BB%AF%D6%B0%D2%B5%BC%BC%CA%F5%D1%A7%D4%BA-%BB%AF%B9%A4%C9%E8%B1%B8/image030-1.jpg Figure 6-18 Vortex breaker at the bottom of the tower 1 – Bottom of the tower ; 2 – Discharge pipe ; 3 – Vertical plate ; 4 – Roof panel: http://210.28.8.218/%C0%BC%D6%DD%CA%AF%BB%AF%D6%B0%D2%B5%BC%BC%CA%F5%D1%A7%D4%BA-%BB%AF%B9%A4%C9%E8%B1%B8/image032-1.jpg Figure 6-19 Bottom filter for the tower; 1 – Support ; 2 – Conical vertex ; 3 – Cylindrical wall
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