Moving Forward Every Day ——November 16, 2009

It is a process that uses the principle of electrolysis to coat a thin layer of another metal or alloy on certain metal surfaces. During electroplating, the metal to be plated serves as the anode, where it is oxidized into cations that enter the plating solution ； The metal product to be plated serves as the cathode, and the cations of the plating metal are reduced on the surface of the metal to form the coating. To eliminate the interference of other cations and to ensure a uniform and strong coating, it is necessary to use a solution containing the cations of the metal to be coated as the plating solution, in order to maintain a constant concentration of these metal cations. The purpose of electroplating is to deposit a metal layer on a substrate in order to alter the properties or dimensions of its surface. Electroplating can enhance a metal’s corrosion resistance (as the plating metal is usually a corrosion-resistant material), increase its hardness, prevent wear, improve its electrical conductivity, lubricity, heat resistance, and overall aesthetic appearance. A technology that uses electrolysis to deposit on mechanical products metal coatings with good adhesion, but different properties from the base material. The electroplated layer is more uniform than the hot-dip layer, and it is generally thinner, ranging from a few micrometers to several dozen micrometers. Through electroplating, decorative, protective, and functional surface layers can be applied to mechanical products, and worn or misshapen workpieces can also be repaired. Coatings are mostly made of a single metal or alloy, such as zinc, cadmium, gold, or brass, bronze, etc ； There are also dispersion layers, such as nickel-silicon carbide, nickel-fluorinated graphite, etc ； There are also composite layers, such as copper-nickel-chromium layers on steel, silver-indium layers on steel, and so on. In addition to iron-based materials such as cast iron, steel, and stainless steel, the substrate materials for electroplating also include non-iron metals like ABS plastic, polypropylene, polysulfone, and phenolic plastics. However, plastics must undergo special activation and sensitization treatments before electroplating. Pre-plating treatment generally includes the following basic steps: degreasing, derusting, removing scale, etching, pickling, activation, grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, local insulation, cleaning, preheating, as well as the installation of auxiliary electrodes and hanging the parts.

What is pre-plating treatment? What are its main specific components? Answer: All previous processing and preparation steps prior to main processes such as electroplating, oxidation, and phosphating are collectively referred to as pre-plating treatment (or pretreatment). Pre-plating treatment generally includes the following basic steps: degreasing, derusting, removing scale, etching, pickling, activation, grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, local insulation, cleaning, preheating, as well as the installation of auxiliary electrodes and hanging the parts. Electroplating 　　Overview of electroplating: A process in which an electrolytic reaction is used to deposit a layer of metal on the surface of metal or other material components. It can prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, electrical conductivity, reflectivity, and enhance aesthetics. Electroplating principle: In a plating tank containing the electroplating solution, the part to be plated, after being cleaned and specially pre-treated, serves as the cathode, while an anode made of the metal to be deposited is used; both electrodes are connected to the negative and positive poles of a direct current power supply, respectively. The plating solution consists of an aqueous solution containing compounds of the metal to be plated, conductive salts, buffers, pH regulators, and additives. After power is applied, the metal ions in the plating solution move to the cathode under the influence of the potential difference to form a coating. The metal of the anode forms metal ions that enter the plating solution to maintain the concentration of the metal ions to be plated. In some cases, such as in chromium plating, insoluble anodes made of lead or lead-antimony alloys are used; they serve only to transfer electrons and conduct current. The chromium ion concentration in the electrolyte must be maintained by regularly adding chromium compounds to the plating solution. During electroplating, factors such as the quality of the anode material, the composition of the plating solution, temperature, current density, electrolysis time, stirring intensity, impurities formed during deposition, and the power supply waveform all affect the quality of the coating, and it is necessary to control these factors appropriately. Pre-plating treatment: Preparatory processes such as the removal of oil, oxides, and internal stresses, which are carried out to expose the true surface of the material being processed, to eliminate internal stresses, and for other specific purposes.

Electroplating is the process of applying a thin layer of another metal or alloy to the surface of certain metals using the principle of electrolysis. During electroplating, the metal to be plated serves as the anode, where it is oxidized into cations that enter the plating solution ； The metal product to be plated serves as the cathode, and the cations of the plating metal are reduced on the surface of the metal to form the coating. To eliminate the interference of other cations and to ensure a uniform and strong coating, it is necessary to use a solution containing the cations of the metal to be coated as the plating solution, in order to maintain a constant concentration of these metal cations. The purpose of electroplating is to apply a metal coating onto a substrate in order to alter the surface properties or dimensions of that substrate. Electroplating can enhance a metal’s corrosion resistance (as the coating metal is usually a corrosion-resistant material), increase its hardness, prevent wear, improve its electrical conductivity, lubricity, heat resistance, and overall surface appearance. To expose the true surface of the part material, eliminate internal stresses, and achieve other specific goals, various preliminary technical treatments such as removing oil residues, oxides, and internal stresses are required.

1. Electroplating refers to a method in which, in a solution containing ions of the metal to be plated, the material or product to be coated is used as the cathode; through electrolysis, a coating is formed on the surface of the substrate. Electroplating is based on an electrochemical process. During the electrolysis process, a reaction occurs between the electrode and the electrolyte; oxidation takes place at the anode, while reduction takes place at the cathode. 2. Pre-treatment for electroplating: The general process of electroplating involves subjecting the metal parts to be plated to appropriate pre-treatment, placing them in a plating tank containing the plating solution, connecting them to the cathode, and using the metal to be plated or some other insoluble conductive material as the anode. Under certain temperature conditions and with an appropriate current applied, a metal coating can be formed on the metal parts. First, it is necessary to adjust and maintain the plating solution properly, controlling the appropriate temperature and current density ； Strict surface treatment of the plated parts must also be carried out according to specific conditions, in order to remove oil residues and metal oxides from the surface ； Furthermore, there must be reasonably designed hangers, an appropriate distance and ratio between the anode and cathode, as well as proper post-plating treatment.

Electroplating is a process that uses electrolysis to deposit a layer of metal film on the surface of metal or other material components. Pre-plating treatment generally includes the following basic steps: degreasing, derusting, removing scale, etching, pickling, activation, grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, local insulation, cleaning, preheating, as well as the installation of auxiliary electrodes and hanging the parts.

Electroplating is an electrodeposition process in which electrodes are used, along with an electric current, to deposit metal on the surface of an object, with the aim of altering the properties or dimensions of that surface. After processing, the workpieces will have burrs to varying degrees, their surfaces may be contaminated with oil, and some surfaces are even severely corroded. This results in the workpiece surface exhibiting undesirable conditions such as dielectricity, porosity, a passive state, and high resistance. If these substances are not removed thoroughly, they will cause significant obstacles to the entire electroplating process. They hinder the flow of electric current, posing a significant obstacle to the discharge of metal ions in the electrolyte. At the same time, these defects reduce the adhesion between the coated metal and the base metal; in some cases, the coating cannot be formed on part or the entire surface of the workpiece. Even when a coating is formed, defects such as porosity, frosting, bubbling, peeling, and discontinuities are likely to occur. Before applying the decorative coating, the substrate must have a certain level of smoothness in order to achieve an attractive appearance after electroplating. Furthermore, impurities such as oil and oxides on the workpiece can contaminate the electrolyte, increasing the amount of harmful impurities in it, which may prevent the electrolyte from functioning properly or even render it unusable, resulting in unnecessary losses. Therefore, pre-plating treatment is a very important step in determining the quality of the coating, as well as whether the plating bath is easy to maintain. Pre-plating treatment generally includes the following basic steps: degreasing, derusting, removing scale, etching, pickling, activation, grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, local insulation, cleaning, preheating, as well as the installation of auxiliary electrodes and hanging the parts.

It is a process that uses the principle of electrolysis to coat a thin layer of another metal or alloy on certain metal surfaces. During electroplating, the metal to be plated serves as the anode, where it is oxidized into cations that enter the plating solution ； The metal product to be plated serves as the cathode, and the cations of the plating metal are reduced on the surface of the metal to form the coating. To eliminate the interference of other cations and to ensure a uniform and strong coating, it is necessary to use a solution containing the cations of the metal to be coated as the plating solution, in order to maintain a constant concentration of these metal cations. The purpose of electroplating is to apply a metal coating onto a substrate in order to alter the surface properties or dimensions of that substrate. Electroplating can enhance a metal’s corrosion resistance (as the coating metal is usually a corrosion-resistant material), increase its hardness, prevent wear, improve its electrical conductivity, lubricity, heat resistance, and overall surface appearance. Common methods for pre-plating treatment: 1) Mechanical method – mechanical equipment is used for grinding in order to remove obvious defects on the surface of the product, such as burrs, oxide scale, and welding residues. Mechanical methods include grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, etc. (2) Chemical methods rely on chemical reactions to remove oil stains or oxides. Such as degreasing in alkaline solutions or organic solvents, etching in acidic solutions, etc. (3) Electrochemical method: The electrochemical method is used to enhance the chemical degreasing and etching processes. It is sometimes also used for mild erosion.

It is a process that uses the principle of electrolysis to coat a thin layer of another metal or alloy on certain metal surfaces. During electroplating, the metal to be plated serves as the anode, where it is oxidized into cations that enter the plating solution ； The metal product to be plated serves as the cathode, and the cations of the plating metal are reduced on the surface of the metal to form the coating. To eliminate the interference of other cations and to ensure a uniform and strong coating, it is necessary to use a solution containing the cations of the metal to be coated as the plating solution, in order to maintain a constant concentration of these metal cations. The purpose of electroplating is to apply a metal coating onto a substrate in order to alter the surface properties or dimensions of that substrate. Electroplating can enhance a metal’s corrosion resistance (as the coating metal is usually a corrosion-resistant material), increase its hardness, prevent wear, improve its electrical conductivity, lubricity, heat resistance, and overall surface appearance. Process flow: Blank inspection → Organic solvent cleaning → Drying → Chemical degreasing → Hot water washing → Cathodic electro-degreasing → Hot water washing → Two rounds of cold water washing → Acid etching for polishing → Secondary recovery → Rinsing → Activation → Cold water washing → Pre-soaking → Plating

Overview of electroplating: A process that uses electrolysis to deposit a layer of metal film on the surface of metal or other material components. It can prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, electrical conductivity, reflectivity, and enhance aesthetics. Pre-treatment before electroplating is mainly divided into two categories: oil removal and oxide removal. Treatment methods include two main categories: mechanical methods and chemical and electrochemical methods. Mechanical processing includes: grinding, rolling, polishing, brushing, sandblasting, etc ； Chemical and electrochemical methods include: chemical degreasing, electrochemical degreasing, ultrasonic degreasing, chemical polishing, electrochemical polishing, chemical etching, etc. If non-metallic materials are to be electroplated, pre-plating treatment is also required, but the process is more complex than that for metallic materials. In addition to surface degreasing, the key step is the metallization of the surface.

Overview of electroplating: A process that uses electrolysis to deposit a layer of metal film on the surface of metal or other material components. It can prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, electrical conductivity, reflectivity, and enhance aesthetics. All the processing and preparatory steps carried out prior to main processes such as electroplating, oxidation, and phosphating are collectively referred to as pre-plating treatment (or pretreatment). Pre-plating treatment generally includes the following basic steps: degreasing, derusting, removing scale, etching, pickling, activation, grinding, polishing, rolling, sandblasting, local insulation, cleaning, preheating, as well as the installation of auxiliary electrodes and hanging the parts. After processing, the workpieces will have burrs to varying degrees, their surfaces may be contaminated with oil, and some surfaces are even severely corroded. This results in the workpiece surface exhibiting undesirable conditions such as dielectricity, porosity, a passive state, and high resistance. If these substances are not removed thoroughly, they will cause significant obstacles to the entire electroplating process. They hinder the flow of electric current, posing a significant obstacle to the discharge of metal ions in the electrolyte. At the same time, these defects reduce the adhesion between the coated metal and the base metal; in some cases, the coating cannot be formed on part or the entire surface of the workpiece. Even when a coating is formed, defects such as porosity, frosting, bubbling, peeling, and discontinuities are likely to occur. Before applying the decorative coating, the substrate must have a certain level of smoothness in order to achieve an attractive appearance after electroplating. Furthermore, impurities such as oil and oxides on the workpiece can contaminate the electrolyte, increasing the amount of harmful impurities in it, which may prevent the electrolyte from functioning properly or even render it unusable, resulting in unnecessary losses. Therefore, pre-plating treatment is a very important step in determining the quality of the coating, as well as whether the plating bath is easy to maintain.