As a piping engineer, how can one learn PID well?

It’s definitely necessary to master PID; otherwise, the pipeline layout diagrams created will have many unreasonable aspects! Now, the process pipelines in many design institutes have been merged.

Our department didn’t have any divisions. Process pipelines are made together

Common mnemonics for PID parameter tuning Proportional (P) control Proportional control is the simplest form of control. The output of its controller is proportional to the input error signal. When only proportional control is used, there is a steady-state error in the system output. 　　Integral (I) control: In integral control, the output of the controller is proportional to the integral of the input error signal. For an automatic control system, if there is a steady-state error after it reaches steady state, then such a control system is referred to as a system with steady-state error, or simply a system with error. To eliminate steady-state error, an “integral term” must be introduced into the controller. The integral term represents the time-dependent integration of the error, and as time increases, this integral term grows. In this way, even if the error is small, the integral term increases over time; it drives the output of the controller to increase, thereby further reducing the steady-state error until it becomes zero. Therefore, a proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller enables the system to have no steady-state error after reaching steady state. 　　Differential (D) control: In differential control, the output of the controller is proportional to the derivative of the input error signal, that is, the rate of change of the error. Automatic control systems may experience oscillations or even instability during the process of correcting errors. The reason is the presence of components with high inertia or components that introduce delay, which have the effect of suppressing errors; their changes always lag behind those of the errors. The solution is to make the change in the error-suppression effect \"proactive\", that is, when the error is close to zero, the error-suppression effect should be zero. In other words, it is often not sufficient to include only a \"proportional\" term in the controller; the function of this proportional term is merely to amplify the magnitude of the error. What is needed now is a \"derivative\" term, which can predict the trend of error changes. Thus, a controller with both proportional and derivative terms can ensure that the control action to suppress the error becomes zero, or even negative, in advance, thereby preventing severe overshoot of the controlled variable. Therefore, for controlled objects with high inertia or lag, a proportional-plus-differential (PD) controller can improve the dynamic characteristics of the system during the regulation process. Common mnemonic: 　　To find the optimal parameter setting, check in ascending order. 　　Start with proportionality, then integration, and finally add differentiation. 　　If the curve oscillates frequently, increase the proportionality setting. 　　If the curve wanders around in large swings, reduce the proportionality setting. 　　If the curve takes time to return to its normal state, decrease the integration time. 　　If the curve’s fluctuations have a long cycle, extend the integration time further. 　　If the oscillation frequency is high, first reduce the differentiation value. 　　Large errors lead to slow fluctuations. The differential time should be increased. The two waves of the ideal curve are higher at the front and lower at the back, in a 4:1 ratio. Observe, adjust, and analyze thoroughly – this way, the quality of the adjustment will remain high

In my personal opinion, as someone studying pipeline and water supply and drainage engineering, there is no need to learn PID.

I’m not sure how to approach the PID control system – what aspects need to be mastered when working on processes and projects.