[Test Your Knowledge] Chemical Production Knowledge—Question and Answer (19) is now over! See floor 14 for the answer key

a. What are the normal inspection items for operating machine pumps? Answer: 1. Check the pressure, flow rate, and current at the pump outlet according to the operating parameters; operation under overload is not allowed. 2. Check whether the sound and vibration of the pump and motor are normal; the temperature of the motor bearings should be ≤ 70°C, and the temperature of the pump bearings should be ≤ 65°C. 3. Check that the lubricant level is at 1/2 to 2/3 of the viewing window; the oil quality should be good with no emulsification. If not, change the oil promptly and record it. 4. Check that the cooling water and seal oil systems are functioning properly, and that there are no leaks at the shaft seals, valve packings, or flanges. The method for adjusting the cooling water is as follows: the supply valve is opened fully, and the amount of water supplied is controlled by the return valve depending on the temperature of the bearings. 5. If any abnormal phenomena are detected, replace the pump promptly. 6. The standby pump is in good condition, the lubricant level is normal, the cooling water is functioning properly, and the preheating of the hot oil pump is normal. 7. The seal points of the standby pump, such as the seals and flanges, show no oil leakage; the inlet valve is fully open, and the outlet valve is fully closed. 8. The standby pump should be rotated 180 degrees once a day, with records kept of each rotation. 9. Maintain good hygiene of the pump and pump area. 10. Take measures to prevent freezing of pumps in winter. b. What are the hazards of exceeding the container’s design pressure or design temperature? Answer: Prolonged exposure to excessive pressure and temperature will **reduce the service life of the container; in severe cases, it may cause damage to the equipment, leakage of the process medium inside the container, or even an explosion. 1# zfy_80522

The normal inspection items for operating machine pumps include (1) outlet pressure. (2) Bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump casing temperature. (3) Leakage: Mechanical seal leakage and oil seal leakage. (4) Is the sound normal? (5) Mechanical vibration. (6) Whether the lubrication performance is good. (7) Are the jacket cooling water and seal flushing fluid unobstructed? (8) If there is an ammeter, check the current indication as well. What are the hazards of exceeding the container’s design pressure or design temperature? The material selection and wall thickness calculation for containers are both based on the design pressure and design temperature to ensure sufficient strength. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.

1. The normal inspection items for pumps include aspects such as sound, flow rate, pressure, temperature, and vibration； 2. Exceeding the design pressure and design temperature can create serious safety hazards, and it also has a certain impact on product quality.

What are the normal inspection items for operating pump machinery? Answer: (1) Outlet pressure ； (2) Bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump casing temperature ； (3) Leakage: Mechanical seal leakage ； (4) Is the sound normal? ； (5) Mechanical vibration ； (6) Is the lubrication in good condition? ； (7) Are the jacket cooling water and seal flushing fluid flowing properly? What are the hazards of exceeding the container’s design pressure or design temperature? Answer: The selection of material for the container and the calculation of wall thickness are both based on strength design considerations related to the design pressure and design temperature. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.

Normal inspection items: (1) Check whether the opening and closing states of each valve comply with the regulations. (2) Check whether all fasteners are loose and whether there is any leakage in the pump body. (3) Verify the process; only after confirmation can the next steps be carried out. (4) Open the circulating water valve of the pump outlet manifold. Equipment is designed and manufactured in accordance with certain usage requirements. However, taking into account factors such as materials and manufacturing processes, a certain safety factor is incorporated during design. It is absolutely not allowed for the equipment to operate under conditions of excessive temperature, pressure, or load; otherwise, fires, explosions, and severe damage to the equipment may occur. Therefore, without careful calculation and research, any arbitrary changes to the specified process parameters, as well as operation under conditions of excessive temperature, pressure, or load, must be firmly prevented.

1. Lubricating oil system and seal oil system: check for leaks, inlet and outlet pressures, current levels, vibration conditions, and any abnormal noises. 2. The container may deform, and in severe cases, it could explode.

a: Normal inspection items for operating pump (1). Outlet pressure； (2). Bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump casing temperature ； (3). Leakage: Mechanical seal leakage ； (4). Is the sound normal? ； (5). Mechanical vibration ； (6). Is the lubrication in good condition? ； (7). Are the jacket cooling water and seal flushing fluid flowing properly? b: The material selection for the container and the calculation of its wall thickness are both based on the design pressure and design temperature to ensure adequate strength. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.

a. Normal inspection items for operating pumps 1. Proper operation with good efficiency: 1.1 Pressure and flow are in balance; the outlet pressure meets the requirements for normal production, or reaches at least 90% of the capacity indicated on the nameplate. 1.2 The operation is smooth with no abnormal noises; the oil sealing, cooling water, and lubricating oil systems are functioning properly, and there are no leaks at any of the static sealing surfaces. 1.3 The lubricating oil used complies with the requirements specified in the \"Lubrication Management System for Refinery Equipment\" ； The temperature of sliding bearings shall not exceed 65°C, and the temperature of rolling bearings shall not exceed 70°C. 1.4 The current does not exceed the rated value ； 1.5 Bearing vibration: not more than 0.10 mm at 1500 revolutions per minute, and not more than 0.08 mm at 3000 revolutions per minute. 1.6 Shaft seal leakage: Packing seal: No more than 20 drops per minute for light oils, and no more than 10 drops per minute for heavy oils. Mechanical seal: no more than 10 drops per minute for light oils, and no more than 5 drops per minute for heavy oils. Pumps that transport solutions containing chemicals are subject to leakage standards equivalent to those for light oil leaks. The leakage standard for clean water pumps is that there should be no streams of liquid, and no splashing in all directions. 2. The main unit is neat, with all accessories available and functional: 2.1 The pressure gauge is sensitive and accurate. The safety guards, wheel screws, locking plates, etc. are all available and functional. 2.2 The main structure is intact, with stable fasteners and water trays that are all in good condition and functional. There are no dots, dents, or visible signs of knocking, hitting, scraping, or biting on the fuselage. 2.3 The foundation and pump base must be solid and intact; the anchor bolts and all connection screws should extend 2-3 threads beyond the nuts, and be tightened evenly. 2.4 The import and export valves, as well as the pipelines for lubrication, sealing oil, and cooling, are installed properly, in a horizontal and vertical position, with no blockages or leaks. 2.5 The pump body is clean, insulated, and its paint is in good condition, in compliance with the provisions of the \"Rules for Painting and Insulation of Equipment and Piping in Refineries\". 3. During routine inspections of the work area, it is necessary to pay close attention to the following: 3.1 Check the oil lubrication status, including factors such as oil level and oil quality on site. 3.2 Check that the cooling water is flowing properly and that the flow rate is appropriate; if anything is abnormal, contact the maintenance team. 3.3 Check whether the pressure gauge is functioning properly and whether the warning line is intact; if damaged, it should be replaced promptly. 3.4 Check for vibrations, temperature readings, and any leaks at all moving and stationary sealing points; if any values exceed the specified limits or leaks are detected, contact the maintenance team promptly for repairs. 3.5 Check whether the motor and current are normal; if any abnormalities are detected, notify the shift leader promptly for adjustments and to contact an electrician for repairs. 3.6 Check whether the hot oil pump is properly preheated; it is strictly prohibited to start the hot oil pump without prior preheating ； In winter, the water pump must be drained to prevent freezing. b. Hazards of exceeding the container’s design pressure or design temperature: The material selection and wall thickness calculation for containers are both based on strength requirements determined by the design pressure and design temperature. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.

a: (1) Outlet pressure. (2) Bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump casing temperature. (3) Leakage: Mechanical seal leakage and oil seal leakage. (4) Is the sound normal? (5) Mechanical vibration. (6) Whether the lubrication performance is good. (7) Are the jacket cooling water and seal flushing fluid unobstructed? (8) If there is an ammeter, the current reading should also be checked. b: The selection of material for the container and the calculation of its wall thickness are both based on the design pressure and design temperature to ensure adequate strength. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.

a. Answer: 1. Conduct inspections once per hour along the scheduled inspection routes and based on the specified inspection items, and attach signs accordingly. 2. It is necessary to be aware of the operating conditions of the pump, such as current, bearing temperature, noise, and vibration. Any abnormal changes should be reported promptly to the shift leader, dispatcher, workshop staff, and relevant personnel, and preparations should be made to switch to a backup pump. 3. Regularly check the liquid level in the transfer tank and the outlet pressure of the pump to prevent the pump from running dry or experiencing excessive pressure. The flow rate and outlet pressure of the pump are regulated through a return valve and an outlet valve; it is strictly prohibited to reduce the pump’s inlet pressure in order to adjust its flow rate and outlet pressure. 4. Pay attention to checking the tightness of all dynamic and static seals on the equipment; if leakage exceeds the acceptable level, it should be reported to the shift leader and the workshop promptly, after which mechanical maintenance should be contacted for handling. 5. If the oil level in the bearing housing is not at the required level or if the quality of the oil has changed, it should be refilled or replaced promptly. 6. Strengthen communication with team leaders, dispatchers, or relevant personnel to ensure smooth operations. 7. Switch to the backup pump once a month (except in special circumstances). 8. Carefully keep all kinds of operation records and shift handover logs. 9. Maintain cleanliness of equipment and pump rooms. b. What are the hazards of exceeding the container’s design pressure or design temperature? Answer: The selection of material for the container and the calculation of wall thickness are both based on strength design considerations related to the design pressure and design temperature. This requires that, when in use, its operating pressure and operating temperature must not exceed the design values; otherwise, the container is prone to damage or rupture, which can lead to serious accidents such as fires or explosions.