Knowledge of refrigeration oils (application in refrigeration compressors)
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Refrigerant Oil: This oil is used to lubricate the moving parts in air conditioning systems, and it must be refilled whenever the air conditioning system is in use. Functions of refrigeration oil, its classifications, and the requirements of refrigeration equipment for refrigeration oil 1. What is refrigeration oil? The oil used to lubricate the various moving parts within a refrigeration compressor is called refrigeration oil, or lubricating oil. According to the standards set by the Petrochemical Industry Department, the refrigeration oils produced in China currently come in five grades: No. 13, No. 18, No. 25, No. 30, and Grade 40 based on enterprise standards. Among them, the commonly used lubricants for refrigeration compressors are types 13, 18, and 25. For R12 compressors, grade 18 is generally used, while for R22 compressors, grade 25 is generally used. 2. What are the functions of refrigeration oil? In compressors, refrigerant oil serves four main functions: lubrication, sealing, cooling, and energy regulation. (1) Lubrication: Refrigerant oil serves a lubricating function during the operation of the compressor, reducing friction and wear as the compressor runs, thereby extending its service life. (2) Sealing: Refrigerant oil serves a sealing function in the compressor, ensuring a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall inside the compressor, as well as between various rotating bearings, thereby preventing the leakage of refrigerant. (3) Cooling: When lubricating the various moving parts of the compressor, the refrigeration oil can carry away the heat generated during operation, keeping these parts at a lower temperature and thereby improving the efficiency of the compressor as well as its reliability in use. (4) Energy regulation: For refrigeration compressors equipped with an energy regulation mechanism, the oil pressure of the refrigerant oil can be used as power for the energy regulation mechanism. 3. What are POE and PAG refrigeration oils? To protect the ozone layer, international regulations have been imposed on the refrigerants used in air conditioning equipment, leading to the emergence of various alternative refrigerants; accordingly, the refrigeration oils have also changed. For air-conditioning refrigerants replaced by R134a and R410a/R407c, PAG and POE are respectively used for the replacement. POE is the abbreviation for Polyol Ester, also known as polyester oil; it is a type of synthetic polyol ester oil. PAG is an abbreviation for Polyalkylene Glycol, and it is a synthetic poly(ethylene) glycol-based lubricant. Among them, POE oil can be effectively used not only in HFC-based refrigeration systems but also in hydrocarbon-based refrigeration. PAG oil can be used as a lubricating oil in refrigeration systems that use HFCs, hydrocarbons, and ammonia as refrigerants. 4. What are the requirements for refrigeration oil in refrigeration equipment? Due to differences in application scenarios and refrigerants, refrigeration equipment requires different choices of refrigeration oils. The requirements for refrigeration oil include the following aspects: (1) Viscosity. Viscosity is an important parameter among the characteristics of refrigeration oil; different refrigerants require the use of corresponding types of refrigeration oil. If the viscosity of the refrigeration oil is too high, it will increase mechanical friction power, friction heat, and starting torque. Conversely, if the viscosity is too low, a proper oil film cannot be formed between the moving parts, thereby preventing the desired lubrication and cooling effects from being achieved. (2) Cloud point: The cloud point of a refrigeration oil refers to the temperature at which, as the temperature drops to a certain value, paraffin begins to precipitate out of the oil, causing the lubricant to become cloudy. The cloud point of the refrigerant oil used in refrigeration equipment should be lower than the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant; otherwise, it may cause blockage of the throttle valve or affect heat transfer performance. (3) Freezing point: The temperature at which the refrigeration oil stops flowing when cooled under experimental conditions is called the freezing point. The freezing point of the refrigerant oil used in cooling equipment should be as low as possible (for example, in R22 compressors, the refrigerant oil should have a freezing point below -55°C); otherwise, it will affect the flow of the refrigerant, increase flow resistance, and as a result lead to poor heat transfer. (4) Flash point: The flash point of refrigeration oil refers to the highest temperature at which the lubricant, when heated, causes ignition when its vapor comes into contact with a flame. The flash point of the refrigerant oil used in cooling equipment must be 15–30°C or more higher than the exhaust temperature, to prevent the lubricating oil from burning and coking. (5) Others such as chemical stability and oxidation resistance, moisture and mechanical impurities, as well as insulation properties. Photo: http://cpihualai.178b2b.com/
Could you be more detailed? For example, the service life of refrigeration oil, and how to visually assess the quality of refrigeration oil
Visually inspect the refrigeration oil: if the oil becomes cloudy and this condition does not go away, or if solid particles are clearly visible floating in the oil, it indicates the presence of impurities. If the color is milky white and there is a watery layer, it indicates that it has been oxidized.
The exclusive gold agent for CPI synthetic lubricants in the Chinese market. (http://pingyiao.com/ Phone: 021-64705533) is a professional company composed of a group of experts in synthetic oils and compressor professionals. The company is located in Shanghai and has an ample stock of products available to serve compressor manufacturers, sellers within China, as well as distributors in various provinces and cities. ◆The main markets include the following six aspects: 1. Hydrocarbon gas compressor oil ； II. Refrigeration compressor oil ； III. Air compressor oil ； IV. Compressor oil for refrigerators and freezers ； V. Oil for synthesis equipment ； VI. Food-grade lubricants ◆ In the synthetic refrigeration oil market, the following OEM-designated oils or equivalent oils are mainly provided – such as Refcomp, Dunham-Bush, Carrier (Carlyle), Grasso GEA, Century, Copeland, Embraco, BOCK, Roltec, Yantaimoon, Frascold, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Kobelco, Jialing, Trane, Dorin, etc. h’ L/ M( _! S- m+ J. a1 w( x4 M ◆Regarding air compressor oils, we can provide formulations that are comparable to those used by most OEM manufacturers – such as Sullair, Ingersoll-Rand, Atlas Copco, Compair, Boge, and others. For the oils specified by most air compressor OEM manufacturers, we can provide formulations that are equivalent or identical to those. The main products are available with lifespans of 8,000 hours, 12,000 hours, 16,000 hours, etc. ◆In terms of hydrocarbon gas compressors, we can provide formulations that are comparable to those used by the following OEM manufacturers: FES, Howden, Mycom, Grasso GEA, Ariel, Sulzer, Linde, Vilter, Cooper, Dresser Rand, Burckhardt Compression, Peter Brotherhood (UK), Solar Turbines (USA), Nuovo Pignone, Rolls-Royce (UK), and others. It is mainly used in compressors for gas-fired power plants, liquefied petroleum gas compressors, compressors for flare gas recovery, pipeline and natural gas compressors, propane compressors and refrigerators, as well as hydrogen and methyl chloride compressors. ◆Compressor oil for refrigerators and freezers – CPI offers a wide range of oils designed for use by OEM manufacturers of refrigerator and freezer compressors around the world. Such as: Embraco, Electrolux, Danfoss, Whirlpool, General Electric, and Guangzhou Panasonic. It is also similar to the polyol ester refrigerant oils used by major domestic refrigerator compressor manufacturers. For example, the designs of major compressor manufacturers such as Danpu, LG, Casabella, Huayi, Dongbei, and Xi’an Gaoke are similar. ◆Oils for synthetic equipment – such as synthetic chain oils, vacuum pump oils, synthetic gear oils, hydraulic oils, shock absorber oils, as well as various customized and contract-manufactured products. In particular, CPI’s chain oils are designed to meet the stringent requirements of the textile, powder coating, and various industrial chains. ◆Food-grade synthetic lubricants – various lubricants and greases required in the food industry, such as those for hydraulic systems, gears, compressors, refrigerators, and as greases. Widely used in various food and beverage factories.
It’s a good time to learn* it. Thank you! ! !