Plan for liquid ammonia leaks

Emergency plan for leaks in the urea synthesis tower: During normal operation, the urea synthesis tower operates at a pressure of 19.6 MPa; its volume is 17 m3, and it is filled with a mixture of urine, ammonium methoxide, liquid ammonia, and CO2. Leaks can occur at the large cover gaskets of the synthesis tower, the flanges of the material inlet and outlet pipes, the temperature measurement sleeves used by instruments, as well as the tower itself. The emergency response plan is as follows: 1. Upon detecting a leak, before the department and company leaders arrive at the scene, the shift leader or the chief operator in charge of control shall take charge of handling the situation. They must promptly inform the on-duty dispatcher and the department leaders, and also evacuate any nearby personnel who are not involved. The dispatcher shall then notify the heads of the safety, production, and equipment departments, as well as the company’s senior management. Once these responsible persons arrive, they will form an emergency response team to oversee the rescue efforts; if necessary, assistance from the fire department can be requested (phone number: 119). 2. Before the supervisor arrives on site, the synthesis tower should reduce its pressure for operation and prepare for a complete shutdown of the system. 3. If someone is trapped in the area affected by the leak, the team leader, the assistant operator in the control room, or other personnel on site should promptly open the emergency cabinet in the control room (or pump room operation room), put on personal protective equipment, go to the scene to carry out rescue efforts, and take appropriate actions in accordance with the rescue procedures. 4. The team leader, the chief control operator or other personnel present should wear personal protective equipment, open the fire extinguishing cabinet in the pump room control room, take out the fire hoses and nozzles from the cabinet, and carry them to the site to connect the fire water supply. Use this water to spray on the area where the leak is occurring as well as the surrounding area; be careful not to spray directly at the leak site, as this could cause the leak to worsen due to thermal expansion and contraction. 5. When the leakage cannot be eliminated, the system is shut down for a prolonged period to relieve pressure. 6. Evaporation allows for early shutdown and water addition. 7. If the protective equipment in the accident cabinet of this system is insufficient, assistance can be sought from the safety department ； 8 When the leakage is excessive, it is permissible to initiate an emergency shutdown to relieve pressure, and emergency responders should evacuate the area with high ammonia concentrations as soon as possible. Emergency plan for leaks in the urea-liquid ammonia buffer tank: Under normal operating pressure of 1.6 MP, the system holds approximately 3.5 m3 of liquid ammonia; in the event of a major leak in the equipment itself or in the connected flanges. It will pose a threat to personnel safety; the emergency response plan is as follows: 1. Upon detecting a leak, before the department heads or functional department supervisors arrive at the scene, the shift leader or the chief operator in charge shall take charge of handling the situation, promptly report to the on-duty dispatcher and the department leaders, and evacuate any nearby uninvolved personnel. 2. The dispatch team should promptly instruct the ammonia storage facility to cut off the supply of liquid urea ammonia, order the CO2 compression unit to prepare for shutdown, and inform the heads of the safety, production, and equipment departments as well as the company’s senior management. Once the personnel from the workshop, relevant functional departments, and company leadership arrive, a rescue command team shall be formed to organize and coordinate the rescue efforts; if necessary, assistance from the fire department can be requested. 3. If someone is trapped in the area affected by the ammonia leak, the shift leader and the deputy operator in the control room (or other people present) should immediately open the emergency cabinet in the control room, put on oxygen respirators to carry out rescue operations, and take the appropriate actions in accordance with the rescue procedures. 4. The shift leader (or the main controller) shall inform the pump room to prepare for shutdown. After the level in the buffer tank is emptied, shut down the system in accordance with the operating procedures for maintaining pressure in the synthesis tower and performing a short shutdown under medium-pressure conditions. If it is difficult to close the outlet stop valve of the synthesis tower, the control valve can be manually closed in the control room first, and the issue can be addressed later. 5. The team leader, the deputy controller (or other persons present) should put on personal protective equipment, open the outdoor fire extinguisher cabinet on the third floor, and take the fire hoses and nozzles from inside the cabinet to the fifth floor to connect to the fire water supply. There are fire water connections available on every floor up to the 36th floor in the system. 6. Evaporation allows for early shutdown and water addition. 7. When oxygen respirators are insufficient in this system, those available in other locations or in the emergency cabinets of the pump room control rooms can be used. 8. When the leakage is severe, an emergency shutdown can be initiated; after closing the inlet and outlet valves of the synthesis tower, evacuate promptly and handle the situation later.

What Haiyou mentioned on the second floor refers to safety plans; could you share the plans for dealing with leaks? Things like shutting down pumps or sealing leaks, etc.

This post was last edited by lxq700918 on 2009-12-22 at 12:41; a new plan has been found – let’s see if it’s useful for the original poster and the person who posted in reply #3! Emergency Response Plan for Leaks in High-Pressure Synthesis Towers 8.1 On-Site Command: Chief Commander: Section supervisor; Members of the command team: Process and equipment technicians from the section. 8.2 Communication and Reporting: 8.2.1 In the event of a material leak in the high-pressure synthesis tower, the shift leader and operators must report to the dispatch center and department supervisors, while simultaneously taking prompt action such as cutting off the power supply to control the progression of the incident. 8.2.2 The scheduling department shall immediately notify the Business Department, Production Department, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Equipment and Power Department, as well as the relevant company supervisors to rush to the scene, and inform the labor union and hospital to make all preparations for rescuing the injured. 8.2.3 After a leak occurs, the on-duty shift leader, team leader, and dispatcher form a temporary emergency response command team; once the department heads, functional department managers, and company executives arrive, an official emergency response command team is established to organize rescue efforts, and it decides as appropriate whether to seek assistance from external forces such as fire departments (119) or medical emergency services (120). 8.3 Process Treatment 8.3.1 The team leader of the control room shall promptly contact the dispatching staff to initiate an emergency shutdown. At the same time, the frequency converters of the ammonia pump and ammonium methane pump should be turned off on the computer, as well as the liquid discharge valves of the synthesis tower and stripping tower. The CO2 vent pressure should be set at 14 MPa and placed under automatic control; thereafter, the personnel involved should wear ammonia-resistant masks and evacuate immediately. 8.3.2 The deputy control operator shall quickly put on an oxygen respirator and a chemical protective suit, close the ammonia angle valve on the fourth floor, close the steam export valve, open the high-pressure drum vent stop valve, and then evacuate promptly. 8.3.3 The operator in the main control pump room should quickly put on protective equipment (oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit), go down to the first floor of the pump room, shut off the outlet valve of the stripping tower, close the main valve for CO2 supply to the tower, open the CO2 vent valve, and then evacuate the area promptly. 8.3.4 The team leader in charge of large particles shall wear an ammonia-resistant mask, quickly circulate the large particles, close the discharge valve of the bed layer, and then evacuate promptly. 8.3.5 The crew members in charge of large particles and the team leader shall wear ammonia-resistant masks to quickly rescue those who have been poisoned or injured, and immediately make preparations for evacuation. 8.4 Evacuation of personnel 8.4.1 When a leak occurs, the person in charge of large particles is responsible for notifying the staff in relevant areas (including those working with electronic scales, PSA units, and the cafeteria) to evacuate urgently, depending on the direction of the wind at that time. 8.4.2 The team leader on duty is responsible for counting the operators on shift in a safe area; if there are any missing personnel or those whose whereabouts are unknown, they must promptly inform the shift leader to contact the dispatch team, and organize people to go to the site to look for them. 8.5 Rescue of personnel: In the event of a leak and if anyone is found to be poisoned, the on-duty shift leader and the ammonia storage area supervisor must promptly take the poisoned person to a safe location, while also contacting the relevant company officials to arrange emergency transportation to the hospital. 9. Emergency Response Plan for Leaks in the High-Pressure Ammonium Methane Condenser 9.1 On-site Command: The overall commander is the section manager; members of the command team include the section’s process and equipment technicians. 9.2 Reporting and Communication: 9.2.1 In the event of a material leak in the high-pressure ammonium methane condenser, the shift leader and operators must report to the dispatch team and department managers, while simultaneously taking prompt action such as cutting off the power supply to control the progression of the incident. 9.2.2 The scheduling department shall immediately notify the Business Department, Production Department, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Equipment and Power Department, as well as the relevant senior management of the company to rush to the scene, and inform the labor union and hospital to make all preparations for rescuing the injured. 9.2.3 After a leak occurs, the on-duty shift supervisor, team leader, and dispatcher form a temporary emergency response command team; once the department heads, functional department managers, and company executives arrive, an official emergency response command team is established to organize rescue efforts, and it decides as appropriate whether to seek assistance from external forces such as fire departments (119) or medical emergency services (120). 9.3 Process Treatment 9.3.1 The team leader of the central control post shall promptly contact the dispatching post to initiate an emergency shutdown. At the same time, the frequency converters of the ammonia pump and ammonium methyl pump should be turned off on the computer, as well as the liquid discharge valves of the synthesis tower and stripping tower. The CO2 vent pressure should be set at 14 MPa and placed under automatic control; thereafter, the personnel involved should wear ammonia-resistant masks and evacuate quickly. 9.3.2 The deputy controller shall quickly put on an oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit, close the ammonia angle valve on the fourth floor, close the steam export valve, open the high-pressure drum vent shut-off valve and the circulation vent shut-off valve, and then evacuate promptly. 9.3.3 The operator in the main control pump room should quickly put on protective equipment (oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit), go down to the first floor of the pump room, close the outlet valve of the stripping tower, shut off the main valve for CO2 supply to the tower, open the CO2 vent valve, and then evacuate the site promptly. 9.3.4 The team leader in charge of large particles should wear an ammonia-resistant mask, quickly circulate the large particles, close the discharge valve of the bed layer, and then evacuate promptly. 9.3.5 The crew members in charge of large particles and the team leader shall wear ammonia-resistant masks to swiftly rescue those who have been poisoned or injured, and immediately prepare for evacuation. 9.4 Evacuating the crowd 9.4.1 When a leak occurs, the person in charge of large particles is responsible for notifying the personnel in relevant areas (including those working with electronic scales, PSA units, and the cafeteria) to evacuate urgently, depending on the direction of the wind at that time. 9.4.2 The team leader on duty is responsible for counting the operators on shift in a safe area; if there are any missing personnel or those whose whereabouts are unknown, they must promptly inform the shift leader to contact the dispatch team, and organize people to go to the site to search for them. 9.5 Rescue of personnel: In the event of a leak and if anyone is found to be poisoned, the on-duty shift leader and the ammonia storage area supervisor shall promptly take the poisoned person to a safe location, while also contacting the relevant company officials to arrange emergency transportation to the hospital. 10. Emergency response plan for leaks in the high-pressure stripping tower 10.1 On-site command: The chief commander is the section manager; members of the command team include the section’s process and equipment technicians. 10.2 Communication and reporting: 10.2.1 In the event of a material leak in the high-pressure stripping tower, the shift leader and operators must report to the dispatch center and department supervisors, while simultaneously taking prompt action such as cutting off the power supply to control the progression of the incident. 10.2.2 The scheduling department shall immediately notify the Business Department, Production Department, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Equipment and Power Department, as well as the relevant company supervisors to rush to the scene, and inform the labor union and hospital to make all preparations for rescuing the injured. 10.2.3 After a leak occurs, the on-duty shift leader, team leader, and dispatcher form a temporary emergency response command team; once the department heads, functional department managers, and company executives arrive, an official emergency response command team is established to organize rescue efforts, and it decides as appropriate whether to seek assistance from external forces such as fire departments (119) or medical emergency services (120). 10.3 Process Treatment 10.3.1 The team leader in the central control station should promptly contact the dispatching staff to initiate an emergency shutdown. At the same time, the frequency converters of the ammonia pump and ammonium methanate pump should be turned off on the computer, as well as the liquid discharge valves of the synthesis tower and stripping tower. The CO2 vent pressure should be set at 14 MPa and placed under automatic control; thereafter, the personnel involved should wear ammonia-resistant masks and evacuate immediately. 10.3.2 The deputy controller shall quickly put on an oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit, close the ammonia angle valve on the fourth floor, close the steam export valve, open the high-pressure drum vent shut-off valve and the circulation vent shut-off valve, and then evacuate promptly. 10.3.3 The operator in the main control pump room should quickly put on protective equipment (oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit), go down to the first floor of the pump room, shut off the outlet valve of the stripping tower, close the main valve for CO2 inlet to the tower, open the CO2 vent valve, and then evacuate the site promptly. 10.3.4 The team leader in charge of large particles should wear an ammonia-resistant mask, quickly circulate the large particles, close the discharge valve of the bed layer, and then evacuate promptly. 10.3.5 The crew members in charge of large particles and the team leader shall wear ammonia-resistant masks to promptly rescue those who have been poisoned or injured, and immediately prepare for evacuation. 10.4 Evacuating the crowd 10.4.1 When a leak occurs, the person in charge of large particles is responsible for notifying the personnel in relevant areas (including those working with electronic scales, PSA units, and the cafeteria) to evacuate urgently, depending on the wind direction at that time. 10.4.2 The team leader on duty is responsible for counting the operators on duty in a safe area; if there are any missing personnel or those whose whereabouts are unknown, they must promptly inform the team supervisor to contact the dispatch team, and organize people to go to the site to look for them. 10.5 Rescue of personnel: In the event of a leak and if anyone is found to be poisoned, the on-duty team leader and the ammonia storage area supervisor must promptly take the poisoned person to a safe location, while also contacting the relevant company officials to arrange emergency transportation to the hospital. 11. Emergency response plan for leaks in high-pressure washers 11.1 On-site command: The chief commander is the section manager; members of the command team include the section’s process and equipment technicians. 11.2 Reporting and communication: 11.2.1 In the event of a material leak in the high-pressure washer, the shift leader and operators must report to the dispatch team and department managers, while simultaneously taking prompt action such as cutting off the power supply to control the progression of the incident. 11.2.2 The scheduling department shall immediately notify the Business Department, Production Department, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Equipment and Power Department, as well as the relevant company supervisors to rush to the scene, and inform the labor union and hospital to make all preparations for rescuing the injured. 11.2.3 After a leak occurs, the on-duty shift supervisor, team leader, and dispatcher form a temporary emergency response command team; once the department heads, functional department managers, and company executives arrive, an official emergency response command team is established to organize rescue efforts, and it decides as appropriate whether to seek assistance from external forces such as fire departments (119) or medical emergency services (120). 11.3 Process Treatment 11.3.1 The team leader in the main control station should promptly contact the dispatching staff to initiate an emergency shutdown. At the same time, the frequency converters of the ammonia pump and ammonium methanate pump should be turned off on the computer, as well as the liquid discharge valves of the synthesis tower and stripping tower. The CO2 vent pressure should be set at 14 MPa and placed under automatic control; thereafter, the personnel involved should wear ammonia-resistant masks and evacuate immediately. 11.3.2 The deputy controller shall quickly put on an oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit, close the ammonia angle valve on the fourth floor, close the steam export valve, open the high-pressure drum vent shut-off valve and the circulation vent shut-off valve, and then evacuate promptly. 11.3.3 The operator in the main control pump room should quickly put on protective equipment (oxygen respirator and chemical protective suit), go down to the first floor of the pump room, close the outlet valve of the stripping tower, shut off the main valve for CO2 supply to the tower, open the CO2 vent valve, and then evacuate the area promptly. 11.3.4 The team leader in charge of large particles should wear an ammonia-resistant mask, quickly circulate the large particles, close the discharge valve of the bed layer, and then evacuate promptly. 11.3.5 The crew members in charge of large particles and the team leader shall wear ammonia-resistant masks to quickly rescue those who have been poisoned or injured, and make immediate preparations for evacuation. 11.4 Evacuating the crowd 11.4.1 When a leak occurs, the person in charge of large particles is responsible for notifying the staff in relevant areas (including those working with electronic scales, PSA units, and the cafeteria) to evacuate urgently, depending on the direction of the wind at that time. 11.4.2 The team leader on duty is responsible for counting the operators on duty in a safe area; if there are any missing personnel or those whose whereabouts are unknown, they must promptly inform the team supervisor to contact the dispatch team, and organize people to go to the site to look for them. 11.5 Rescue of personnel: In the event of a leak and if anyone is found to be poisoned, the on-duty shift leader and the ammonia storage area supervisor must promptly take the poisoned person to a safe location, while also contacting the relevant company officials to arrange emergency transportation to the hospital.

Our company’s emergency response plan: Emergency Rescue Plan for Sudden Major Incidents Involving Liquid Ammonia (prepared in October 1997, revised in August 2007). I. Guiding Principles: To ensure the safety of the company, society, and people’s lives and property, to prevent sudden major incidents involving hazardous chemicals (liquid ammonia), and to enable rapid and effective control and handling in the event of such incidents, this emergency rescue plan has been revised and improved in light of our company’s actual conditions, following the principles of “prevention first, self-rescue first, unified command, and division of responsibilities”. II. Basic Information about Our Company (omitted) III. Quantity of Liquid Ammonia Chemical Hazards in Our Company and Target Distribution Map 1. Quantity: Under normal conditions, the storage volume of liquid ammonia is around 100 tons, and this amount varies depending on the urea production workload. 2. Distribution map of hazardous targets (see attached figure). IV. Organizational structure, responsibilities, and division of labor 1. Organizational structure: The company has established a \"Command Leadership Group\" for emergency rescue in the event of major sudden accidents, and an emergency rescue office has been set up; day-to-day operations are handled by the Safety and Environment Department. In the event of a major accident, an emergency rescue command center is immediately established on the basis of the command leadership team. Chief Commander: Chairman (or General Manager; in special cases, the Deputy Chief Commander assumes this role). Deputy Chiefs Commanders: Deputy General Manager for Production and Deputy General Manager for Corporate Management. Members: Head of Production, Head of Safety and Environment, Head of Equipment, Property Management Manager, Director of the General Office, Head of Security, Head of Supply, System Supervisor, Safety Specialists (including system safety officers), Fire Safety Specialists, all staff in the medical office, on-duty dispatchers, members of the emergency response team, as well as personnel from other departments who are subject to the commands of the command center. 2. Institutional responsibilities: Command leadership team: Responsible for formulating and revising the “emergency plan” for the organization ； Establish professional emergency rescue teams, and organize drills and implement \"pre-planned strategies\" ； Inspect and supervise the implementation of preventive measures for major accidents as well as all preparations for emergency rescue. Command Center: In the event of a major accident, the command center issues and revokes emergency rescue orders and signals ； Organize and direct the rescue team to carry out rescue operations ； Report the accident to superiors and neighboring units, and issue requests for assistance to relevant parties if necessary ； Organize investigations into accidents and summarize the experiences and lessons learned from emergency rescue efforts. Division of responsibilities among command staff: Chief Commander: Organizes and directs the emergency rescue efforts across the entire company. Deputy Commander: Assists the Commander in overseeing the specific command tasks related to emergency rescue. Command center members: Head of Safety and Environment: Assists the chief commander in handling accident reporting, situation updates, and accident response ； Responsible for cleaning and monitoring at the accident site and in areas where hazardous substances have spread ； Release relevant information on behalf of the commander-in-chief when necessary. Minister of Defense: Responsible for firefighting, security patrols, maintaining order, evacuations, and road control. Production Supervisor (shift chief dispatcher, shift supervisor): Responsible for coordinating the start-up and shutdown of the production system during accident handling, as well as for communication at the accident site and external communications. Equipment Department Head: Assists the chief commander in providing on-site supervision for emergency repair work related to projects. Property management manager, head of the medical clinic: Responsible for providing the necessities of life for those who are injured or poisoned and need rescue. Supply Minister: Responsible for the supply of materials needed for emergency rescue operations. Other units shall follow the commands of the command center at any time. V. Identification of hazardous targets and assessment of potential risks 1. Identification of hazardous targets: The urea liquid ammonia storage area is considered our company’s No. 1 hazard source; the liquid ammonia buffer tanks and ammonia coolers in the urea system are classified as No. 3 hazard sources, while the liquid ammonia storage tanks and ammonia coolers in the methanol system are designated as No. 4 hazard sources. The liquid ammonia storage tanks and ammonia coolers in the carbamide system are considered No. 5 hazard sources. 2. Assessment of potential hazards: The accident that could occur with hazard source No. 1 is a large-scale leakage of liquid ammonia. The pathways leading to such an accident include failure of the safety valves, careless operation, and the intrusion of high-pressure gas from the synthesis unit, resulting in a pressure overload explosion ； Ammonia leakage caused by damaged pipes and valves ； Equipment corrosion causes ammonia leaks and other issues. In the event of a large-scale leak at Target 1, it will cause ammonia poisoning among the workers in areas such as the coal feeding section, ammonia storage area, mechanical repair department, Boiler No. 1, the power plant, the newly built soft water treatment facility, the decarburization unit, the gas production facility, and the electrical and instrumentation office building, as well as those in the liquid carbon dioxide handling area and the urea production plant. It may also affect the residents living in the surrounding area, and there is a risk of damage to the crops in those areas as well. Target 3 could experience a major ammonia leak accident due to severe corrosion of the equipment pipes or puncturing of the valve gaskets. In the event of a large ammonia leak at Target 3, it could cause ammonia poisoning among all operators in the urea production plant, system managers, and residents living in the residential area; simultaneously, it would also contaminate the surrounding crops. Target 4 could experience a massive leak of liquid ammonia due to severe corrosion of the equipment pipes; in the event of such an accident, the workers in the synthesis system and those at the pesticide factory to the west would be directly affected. The possible accident involving Target 5 is a large-scale leak of liquid ammonia, and the ways such an accident can occur are: failure of safety valves, careless operation, or the intrusion of high-pressure gas from the synthesis unit, leading to an overpressure explosion ； Ammonia leaks are caused by damaged pipeline valves and equipment corrosion, as well as by the rupture of valve gaskets. In the event of an accident at Target 5, it could cause ammonia poisoning among personnel such as those working in the synthesis section of the synthesis system and those responsible for feeding materials. VI. Rescue Teams: Based on the actual conditions of our company, several specialized rescue teams have been established that are not required to work full-time. These teams serve as the core force for emergency response to chemical accidents involving methanol and liquid ammonia, and they are responsible for handling various major chemical accidents that occur within the company. 1. The emergency repair team is responsible for carrying out emergency repair work on projects. The emergency repair team is composed of fitters, welders, instrument technicians, and electricians from various departments; the head of the equipment department serves as the team leader, the heads of each department act as section leaders, and the heads of equipment in each department serve as deputy team leaders. As needed, various systems can assign chemical engineering team members to carry out emergency repair work. 2. The medical rescue team is responsible for the rescue and care of injured persons, and it also has to carry out on-site and in-hospital treatment for those who have suffered poisoning. The medical rescue team is composed of all medical staff, with the property management manager and the head of the medical clinic serving as team leaders. 3. The volunteer fire team is responsible for all fire-related tasks, ensuring thorough firefighting efforts. It is composed of personnel from the Security Department, system safety officers, and team leaders from various systems, with specialists in fire safety from the Safety and Environment Department and the Security Department serving as its leaders. 4. The Communications Support Team is responsible for establishing communications with relevant departments, as well as the protection and maintenance of communication facilities. The communications support team is headed by the director of the General Office as team leader, with the director of the labor union serving as deputy team leader. 5. The Security Team is responsible for perimeter security, maintaining order, carrying out evacuations, and controlling traffic. It is composed of staff from the Security Department as well as local militia members from across the company, with a specialist from the Security Department serving as its leader. VII. Equipment and Signal Provisions To ensure the timely and effective conduct of emergency rescue operations, it is necessary to establish regulations regarding equipment and communication signals. 1. All emergency rescue teams must equip themselves with the necessary equipment and supplies for disaster response, personal protection, medical assistance, and communication, in accordance with the requirements of the hazardous targets. These items should be maintained, stored, and inspected by designated personnel on a regular basis to ensure they remain in good condition and can be used effectively. 2. According to the regulations, in the event of an emergency at a liquid ammonia hazard source, the relevant personnel are to use the dedicated internal line numbers “6384” or “6657”, or the external line number 2646384, to inform the control center of the situation or to notify the relevant departments through other means. The control center will immediately issue instructions to the security staff, who, upon receiving these instructions, will start the alarm bells and announce at the entrance which area and which hazard source is involved. Once the rescue teams hear the alarm, they will immediately take their positions and, under the unified command of the headquarters, carry out their tasks swiftly. Note: The alarm sounded by the doorman can only be stopped upon an order from the command center. VIII. Accident Prevention Measures To ensure the long-term stability of the identified hazardous areas, targeted preventive measures must be taken to avoid accidents. Therefore, to strengthen the safety management of liquid ammonia as a hazardous chemical, all relevant entities must meet the following requirements: 1. The storage of liquid ammonia must comply with the **standards and relevant regulations set out in the General Rules for the Storage of Common Chemical Hazards. 2. It is necessary to strengthen the maintenance of liquid ammonia storage tanks, as well as their pipelines, valves, and instruments. 3. Employees must strictly adhere to safety operating procedures to prevent overheating and overpressure, and must report promptly any situations that they believe may cause harm or which they are unable to handle on their own. 4. All units shall adopt reasonable methods to eliminate or minimize the safety hazards associated with liquid ammonia storage tanks. 5. Employees have the right to refuse to carry out orders that violate regulations or that force them to work in dangerous conditions; they also have the right to report and file complaints against any actions that pose a threat to their physical safety and health. 6. The liquid ammonia storage area must be equipped with fire hydrants, cooling water pipes, firefighting equipment, protective gear, etc., for emergency response. 7. It is necessary to strengthen the targeted management of fire-fighting equipment and protective equipment in the liquid ammonia storage tank area and other areas. 8. In the liquid ammonia storage area, hazard warnings must be indicated using signs, placards, instructional markers, and advisory signs. 9. In the synthesis system, ammonia must be released slowly at the synthesis station to prevent high pressure from affecting the low pressure area. 10. The safety valves and other safety devices of the liquid ammonia storage tank must be in good condition and meet the specified pressure calibration standards. 11. It is strictly prohibited to stack miscellaneous items around the liquid ammonia storage tank. 12. Keep the passages in the liquid ammonia storage tank area unobstructed. 13. Employees in all positions must strictly abide by the \"Safety Technical Regulations,\" \"Work Safety Management Systems,\" \"Process Operation Procedures,\" \"Equipment Management Systems,\" and other relevant rules and regulations. IX. Accident Handling: In the event of a major accident, the relevant departments should immediately enter emergency mode. Under the unified command of the command center, they shall handle and control the accident in an orderly manner, based on an assessment of the potential dangers posed by the hazard sources. It is important to avoid panic as well as complacency, so as to keep the impact of the accident to a minimum and reduce casualties and property losses as much as possible. 1. Disposal plan: When an explosion occurs at one of the hazard sources, a pipeline ruptures suddenly, or equipment corrosion leads to a large leakage of liquid ammonia gas, resulting in injuries or poisoning of people in that area and making it impossible to approach the site, those who are aware of the situation must immediately inform the control center. The control center will decide whether to shut down operations locally or across the entire facility, depending on the severity of the threat. It is essential to ensure that there is no connection or impact between the production areas and the site of the accident. The control center should then promptly instruct the security guards to sound the alarm; these guards should also inform people at the entrance to the production area about which hazard source has caused the problem. Upon hearing the alarm, all rescue teams must immediately head to the emergency response command center (the control room) for an urgent meeting. In accordance with the instructions given by the command center and based on their respective responsibilities, each rescue team must take swift action to carry out its tasks, with the goal of minimizing casualties and property damage. 2. Disposal procedures: To handle the accident in an orderly and timely manner, these specific procedures have been developed: A large leakage of liquid ammonia leads to a sudden major accident. The headquarters issues orders to shut down operations immediately, while also instructing the security staff to sound the alarm. Personnel from the command center and various emergency response teams gather at the headquarters (control room) to hold an emergency meeting. Step 1, Step 2, Step 3: The head of the company’s general office is responsible for coordinating communication efforts, as well as handling communications and the transfer of injured persons. The production manager is in charge of scheduling the start-up and shutdown of production processes, as well as maintaining communications at the accident site. The equipment manager oversees the emergency repair teams. The medical director is responsible for leading the medical rescue team. The security manager is tasked with ensuring order, evacuating people, and managing police and fire services. The safety and environmental protection manager is responsible for reporting the accident, providing updates on the situation, and handling the accident itself. The materials supply department is responsible for providing the supplies needed for accident relief. A summary meeting is held involving representatives from various departments, teams, and emergency response units to discuss the accident. Step 4: Emergency safety evacuation: When there is a large leakage of liquid ammonia that could pose a threat to people outside the factory, the security team must evacuate those who are not involved in the emergency response efforts. The general principle is that the evacuation safety points should be located upwind at that time. When there is a risk to the safety of personnel in adjacent units, the command center should immediately contact ************ to guide residents to evacuate to safe locations swiftly. XI. Emergency engineering rescue and repair: Effective emergency engineering rescue and repair are key to controlling and eliminating accidents. Emergency response personnel should, in accordance with the deployment plan set by the command center, and after ensuring proper personal protection (mainly TF1-4 gas masks, oxygen respirators, protective clothing, rubber gloves, etc.), quickly seal leaks and eliminate hazards in order to put an end to the incident. XII. On-site Medical Assistance 1. Timely and effective on-site medical assistance is an important factor in reducing casualties. Every employee should learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation; in the event of an accident with injured people, the first thing to do is to ensure self-rescue and mutual rescue ； If liquid ammonia splashes on the body, it is necessary to immediately rinse the affected area with clean water for a sufficient amount of time at the scene. 2. For patients suffering from liquid ammonia poisoning, the company’s medical clinic shall administer effective antidotes or provide necessary medical treatment before transferring them to various hospitals, depending on the severity of the poisoning and injuries. 13. Social Support: In the event that the company suffers a major chemical accident involving methanol or liquid ammonia, or any other sudden serious accident, and its own rescue capabilities are insufficient or if there is a risk to public safety, the command center must immediately inform higher authorities and neighboring units, and seek assistance from external forces when necessary. When the social assistance team enters the factory premises, a dedicated staff member from the company’s safety and environmental department is responsible for coordinating, guiding them, and informing them of the safety precautions. 14. Training and Drills: It is necessary to strengthen the training of various rescue teams. The command leadership team should base its actions on practical considerations, and organize a simulation exercise once a year to address potential accidents involving hazardous targets. Train the command structure and various rescue teams into a command team and rescue force with sound ideology, excellent skills, and a strong work ethic. In the event of an accident, the command structure can provide proper direction, and various rescue teams can carry out their tasks promptly and effectively to eliminate the danger, control and extinguish the accident, rescue the injured, and conduct emergency rescue operations. 15. Relevant Provisions 1. The chemical process supervisors of the synthesis system and the urea system shall strengthen 24-hour duty monitoring of their respective hazardous sites. 2. Every month, the company’s emergency rescue command team reviews the status of emergency rescue efforts in conjunction with production safety activities. Identify problems and make timely corrections. 3. Once a quarter, the Emergency Rescue Command Leadership Group for chemical accidents involving methanol and liquid ammonia, as well as other sudden major accidents, convenes a meeting of the members of the command team and the heads of various rescue units to review the work carried out in the previous quarter; effective measures are taken to address any existing issues and make improvements. *****************Limited Company Safety Committee, August 5, 2007

There is also an ammonia leakage response plan developed for our company’s ammonia synthesis system: an emergency response plan for major leaks from Φ1000 liquid ammonia storage tanks and liquid ammonia pipelines. This plan is designed to ensure the safety of the enterprise’s assets and personnel, prevent the occurrence of serious accidents, and enable rapid and effective control and handling in the event of such accidents. This emergency response plan is specifically formulated. The Φ1000 synthetic ice machine facility currently has one 15m3 liquid ammonia storage tank, one 740 m2 ice machine water cooler, three ice machines of the 8AS17YE125 model, one 240 m2 ammonia cooler, one 57×3.5 liquid ammonia main pipe, and one 14×4 ammonia replenishment pipe. The potential accident in this position is a large-scale leakage of liquid ammonia, and the ways such an accident can occur are: 1: Leakage due to severe corrosion and perforation of equipment, pipelines, and valves. 2: Due to careless operation, high pressure mixing with low pressure during ammonia release or replenishment, leading to overpressure in the liquid ammonia storage tanks and pipelines, resulting in explosions and massive leaks. The potential danger lies in the possibility of ammonia poisoning among workers and supervisors in the methanol production area, analysts at Sinochem, operators of medium and low-pressure units, compressor operators, welders working on the synthesis systems, as well as those employed in pesticide factories. Given the long length of the liquid ammonia main pipelines, an explosion or leak could affect areas such as ammonia storage facilities, coal handling systems, gas production units, desulfurization units, and welder teams involved in gas production processes. Measures for dealing with large-scale leaks resulting from explosions in high-pressure liquid ammonia storage tanks or the main liquid ammonia pipelines: (1) Measures for dealing with large-scale leaks from the Φ1000 synthetic liquid ammonia storage tank and refrigeration units: 1. Immediately inform the headquarters to report the basic details of the incident to departments such as the production department and the safety and environmental protection department. 2. Quickly order the shutdown of the methanol production line at the compression unit. Notify the electrician to cut off the power to chillers 1#, 2#, and 3#, or go directly to the second floor to turn off the switch. 3. Close the ammonia release valve and the cold exchange ammonia release valve, as well as the ammonia replenishment valve for the ammonia tank. 4. The team leader immediately organized the personnel working on the dual-methyl synthesis and compression processes to evacuate the site. The workers from the welding team left the pesticide factory through the emergency exits, and they informed the staff at the pesticide factory as well. 5. The team leader ordered the male employees in his team to wear ammonia-proof masks before entering the accident site. (1) If it was a leak from a single chiller unit, every effort should be made to shut off the inlet and outlet valves of that chiller. If it was not possible to enter the chiller room, then the gas ammonia outlet valve of the ammonia cooler and the ammonia valve at the bottom of the chiller’s water cooler had to be shut off. (2) In the event of an explosion and leakage in the main gas ammonia pipeline of the ammonia cooler, the inlet and outlet valves of the 3 chillers must be closed first. (3) In the event of a large leak in the ammonia tank, the inlet and outlet valves of the chiller must also be closed first. 6. The management personnel of the synthesis system organize emergency response teams to wear protective raincoats and rain boots, put on ammonia-resistant masks, and carry fire hoses; they then go to the accident site to spray water at the leakage point as quickly as possible in order to dilute the ammonia gas. Spray water from a spray gun around the leak site. 7. In the event of injuries resulting from an accident, it is necessary to first carry out self-rescue and mutual rescue ； If ammonia gets into the body, it is necessary to rinse the affected area immediately with clean water for a sufficient length of time at the scene. Patients suffering from ammonia poisoning should be immediately taken to the medical clinic for necessary treatment. (II) Measures for dealing with explosions and leaks in the liquid ammonia main pipeline. 1. Promptly inform the headquarters to report the basic details of the accident to departments such as the Production Department and the Safety and Environment Department. 2. Immediately shut off the ammonia release valve and the cold exchange ammonia release valve, and notify the compression team to initiate an emergency shutdown. At the same time, the colleague in charge of the ammonia storage area closed the ammonia production valve on the methanol line. 3. Open the drain valve on the main liquid ammonia pipeline to relieve pressure in the ammonia pipe. At the same time, use a fire hose to spray water in order to reduce the ammonia smell. 4. If the point of explosion and leakage is before the lower gas generation clamp station, it is also possible to shut off the main valve for supplying liquid ammonia located before that station, if conditions permit; this will allow for a faster resolution of the incident. III. Precautions for Handling Accidents 1. After an accident occurs, it is necessary to handle and control the situation in an orderly manner according to the established plan; one should neither panic nor become careless. 2. When entering the accident site, it is essential to wear a gas mask and choose a suitable route for movement. 3. If the pressure of the fire-fighting water is insufficient, the fire pump located at the main power distribution area must be turned on. 3. If there are not enough fire hoses to handle the accident, support from other units must be requested. III. Accident Prevention Measures To enhance the safety management of liquid ammonia, the following requirements must be met: 1. Strengthen the maintenance of liquid ammonia storage tanks, as well as their pipelines, valves, and instruments. 2. Employees must strictly adhere to safety operating procedures and promptly report any situations they believe may cause harm or that they are unable to handle on their own. 3. Take measures to eliminate or minimize the safety hazards associated with methanol storage tanks. 4. The liquid ammonia storage area must be equipped with fire hydrants, cooling water pipes, fire-fighting equipment, and protective equipment to handle emergencies resulting from leaks. 5. It is necessary to strengthen the targeted management of fire-fighting equipment and protective equipment in the liquid ammonia storage area. (The safety officer checks it once a day.) 6. In the liquid ammonia storage area, signs indicating the hazards there must be used in the form of prohibition signs, warning signs, instruction signs, and guidance signs. 7. Operate with care to strictly prevent high voltage from leaking into low voltage. 8. Regularly check the safety of the flame arrester in the methanol storage tank. 9. The liquid ammonia storage tank area must be kept clean, and no miscellaneous items are allowed to be piled up around it. Keep the passages in the liquid ammonia storage tank area unobstructed. 10. The safety valves in the liquid ammonia storage area and the main liquid ammonia pipelines must be in good condition and meet the specified pressure calibration standards. Synthesis System 2008-05-28

Operation Guide for Handling Liquid Ammonia Equipment Leakage Incidents 1. General Provisions 1.1 Purpose. To promptly control and eliminate the hazards caused by leaks in liquid ammonia equipment, and to minimize casualties and property losses resulting from such incidents, this operational guide has been prepared in accordance with the \"Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment\" and the \"Emergency Response Plan for Major Accidents Involving Special Equipment in Anhui Province\". 1.2 Scope of application. This work instruction is applicable as a guide for emergency rescue operations in the event of accidents involving special equipment such as spherical ammonia storage tanks, horizontal tanks, pipelines, railway tank cars, road tank cars, and gas cylinders within the jurisdiction of Anhui Province. 2 Medium Properties 2.1 Physicochemical Properties. Ammonia is a colorless and transparent gas with a pungent odor. It is highly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is alkaline. Relative density 0.60 (air = 1). Gaseous ammonia becomes liquid ammonia when pressurized to 0.7–0.8 MPa, with a large amount of heat being released in the process. Conversely, liquid ammonia absorbs a large amount of heat when it evaporates; therefore, ammonia can be used as a refrigerant. Contact with liquid ammonia can cause severe frostbite. Due to its low cost, it is widely used in the ice-making and refrigeration industries. 2.2 Hazardous characteristics. Hazard category: Toxic gases, categories 2 and 3; corrosives, category 8. The fire and explosion hazard category is Class B. It reacts violently with fluorine, chlorine, and others. When ammonia is mixed with air in a certain proportion, it can explode when exposed to an open flame; its explosive limit is 15.5–25%. Ammonia has a high coefficient of thermal expansion; in a steel cylinder fully filled with liquid ammonia, within the range of 0–60°C, for every 1°C increase in the temperature of the liquid ammonia, the pressure rises by approximately 1.32–1.80 MPa. As a result, overfilling of cylinders containing liquid ammonia can very easily lead to explosions. 2.3 Health hazards. Low concentrations of ammonia are irritating to the mucous membranes. High concentrations of ammonia can cause tissue solvable necrosis, chemical inflammation and burns of the skin and upper respiratory tract mucosa, as well as pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema, and bleeding. 2.3.1 Symptoms of poisoning. Mild poisoning: A burning sensation in the eyes and mouth, runny nose and coughing, hoarseness and difficulty swallowing, dizziness and headache, congestion and swelling of the conjunctiva, as well as congestion of the lips, mouth, and eyes, along with chest tightness and pain in the sternum area. Severe poisoning: Inhaling high concentrations of ammonia can cause laryngeal edema and laryngospasm, leading to asphyxiation. Second-degree chemical burns may occur on the exposed skin, with edema of the eyelids, lips, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, as well as mucosal erosion and possible ulcers. 2.3.2 First aid measures. Skin contact: Immediately remove the contaminated clothing and thoroughly rinse the affected area with 2% boric acid solution or plenty of flowing water; pay special attention to cleaning moist areas such as the armpits and perineum. Seek medical attention. Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move to a place with fresh air. Keep the airway clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. 2.4 Environmental hazards. It is harmful to the environment, can pollute the atmosphere, and cause frostbite to animals and plants. 3 Areas prone to accidents 3.1 Failures or leaks in components such as the gas inlet and outlet, liquid inlet and outlet, waste discharge ports, vent ports, level gauge connections, safety valve connections, pressure gauge connections of liquid ammonia storage tanks, as well as in seals at valves and flange connections. 3.2 Failure or leakage at the flanges, valves, and flange connections of ammonia pipelines. 3.3 Leakage or rupture of hoses used for loading and unloading ammonia tankers. 3.4 Leakage or explosion of cylinders in the ammonia cylinder storage area. 4 Equipment and Apparatus 4.1 Fire-fighting equipment and apparatus. Fire trucks, fire water screens, fire nozzles, solvent-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand. 4.2 Protective equipment. Filter-type gas masks, air respirators, wet towels, chemical safety goggles, fully sealed flame-retardant chemical protective suits, frost-resistant rubber gloves with lining, work boots. 4.3 Equipment and material inventory. Cranes, combustible gas concentration detectors, anemometers, rescue ropes (30–50 meters long, used for rescuing poisoned victims and pulling cylinders), pressure-sealing equipment and tools of various sizes, explosion-proof flashlights, sealant, dilute hydrochloric acid, etc. 4.4 Medical ambulances, 2%–3% boric acid solution, normal saline, and other commonly used first-aid medications. 5 Emergency Response 5.1 In the event of a leak or a fire resulting from a leak, the following actions must be taken simultaneously: activate the enterprise’s (production unit, user unit, storage unit) as well as the local area’s (during transportation) emergency response plans. Emergency rescue operations must adhere to the principle of putting people first. 5.1.1 Alarms. Notify the relevant personnel in this enterprise responsible for management, maintenance, and emergency response to arrive and handle the situation. Call 119 or 120 to alert the fire department and other relevant agencies, inform the water supply department to increase pressure in the pipelines at the site of the incident, and promptly report the situation to local authorities such as those in charge of quality supervision and safety inspection. 5.1.2 Close the valve and cut off the source. The engineering and technical personnel of the unit involved in the accident, or those familiar with the site, close the valves of the pipelines used to transport materials, thereby cutting off the source of the accident. Turn on the spray device to dilute and absorb the leaked ammonia with water. Firefighters in the upwind direction are responsible for providing cover using rotary or spray nozzles and assisting with the operations. The personnel responsible for closing the valves must wear full protective equipment. If the gas supply cannot be cut off immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish a gas that is burning steadily. For spray cooling of the container, move it from the fire area to an open space if possible. 5.1.3 Rescue the injured, designate areas, and evacuate personnel. (1) Rescue team: Wearing fully enclosed chemical protective suits and oxygen respirators, they locate the site and nature of the leak under the cover of a fire water curtain, in order to search for and rescue the injured. (2) Evacuation team: Based on factors such as terrain, wind direction, wind speed, the amount of liquid ammonia in the equipment involved in the accident, the extent of the leak, as well as the conditions of surrounding roads, key facilities, buildings, and the density of population, the team assesses the scope of the leak’s impact. Under the guidance of experts, it designates hazardous zones, buffer zones, and evacuation areas, and implements necessary traffic controls and management measures. (3) Leak sealing team: Based on the information obtained through on-site reconnaissance by the rescue team, it works together with the expert group to determine the leak sealing plan. If the equipment poses a risk of explosion, evacuate immediately. 5.2 Leak handling and plugging methods. 5.2.1 Pressure relief and evacuation. When the crack in the tank is large enough to prevent leakage, quickly transfer the liquid ammonia inside the tank into an empty tank or another storage tank. 5.2.2 In the event of a large-scale leak, use pressurized water and dilute hydrochloric acid solutions to create multiple water curtains at the accident site, forming a dense network of water in the air to neutralize, dilute, and dissolve the leaked ammonia gas. Construct dikes or dig pits to contain the wastewater generated. Seal off the nearby rainwater inlets and entrances to the underground pipeline network to prevent combustible materials from entering and causing secondary accidents. 5.2.3 If a small-volume liquid ammonia cylinder leaks during transportation and there are no tools available to seal the leak or the leakage cannot be controlled, it can be submerged in water. 5.2.4 Equipment leak sealing. 5.2.4.1 When there is a leak in the pipe wall and the valve cannot be used to stop the leak, various types of sealing gaskets, sealing wedges, sealing adhesives, sealing tapes, and other tools can be used to seal it. 5.2.4.2 Micro-hole leaks can be sealed by screwing a screw with adhesive into the hole. 5.2.4.3 Torn leaks in the tank wall can be sealed from the outside using specialized devices such as inflation bags and inflation pads. 5.2.4.4 For leaks in pressurized pipes, bundled inflatable seal bags can be used, or specialized equipment such as metal housings lined with rubber gaskets can be employed for sealing the leak. 5.2.4.5 In the event of leakage due to damage to valves, flanges, or gasketing, sealing can be achieved by using flange clamps of different types along with sealant, or by employing specialized valve sealing tools. 5.2.4.6 For liquid ammonia cylinders, the leak can first be sealed with a sealer, and then disposed of using specialized tools. 5.3 On-site decontamination. Based on the physical and chemical properties of liquid ammonia and the specifics of the contamination, chemical or physical disinfection methods can be employed, or the contaminated area can be temporarily sealed off; it can only be put back into use once environmental tests show it is clean. 5.4 On-site restoration. Only after the safety of the accident site has been inspected and found to be satisfactory by the relevant authorities and experts, can personnel be allowed to enter to clean up the site, repair equipment, and resume production. 6 Safety Protection 6.1 Safety precautions when dealing with leaks in liquid ammonia equipment. 6.1.1 Personnel responsible for leak sealing must receive specialized training and be equipped with dedicated sealing equipment and tools; during operations, they must strictly comply with safety technical requirements regarding fire prevention, static electricity prevention, and poisoning prevention. 6.1.2 Wear a gas mask, air respirator, and a fully sealed flame-retardant chemical protective suit. When sealing large leaks, cotton clothes and pants should be worn, along with a chemical protective suit; when dealing with liquid ammonia leaks, frostbite protection gear must be used. In the absence of protective gear, you can cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and move to an area upwind. 6.1.3 Determine the leak sealing plan based on the on-site conditions. If the conditions on site change, a new plan should be developed; one must not act recklessly. 6.1.4 Accident rescue should give top priority to the safety of personnel; when necessary, the accident scene should be evacuated promptly. 6.2 Treatment of injured persons. 6.2.1 Medical staff and related personnel are responsible for assessing and classifying the people who come into contact with the accident scene; the classification categories include: apparent respiratory arrest ； Severe poisoning ； Mild poisoning ； Severe injury ； Minor injuries, etc. 6.2.2 For those with apparent respiratory arrest, oxygen therapy, artificial respiration, and chest compressions are administered at the scene of the accident, followed by immediate transfer to a hospital by an emergency ambulance ； In cases of severe poisoning or serious injuries, perform a simple cleaning at the scene and immediately transfer the victim to a hospital using the 120 emergency service. For those with mild poisoning or minor injuries, the scene is cleaned, they are given bandaging care, and they are transferred to a hospital as appropriate. 6.2.3 For those who experience discomfort among the people in contact with the site, on-site observation shall be conducted until their condition returns to normal. 6.3 A person should be assigned to be specifically responsible for counting and keeping a list of the number of rescue personnel entering and leaving the accident site, as well as the number of people present at the accident site and those who are injured or disabled. 7.1 Supplementary Provisions 7.1 After the emergency response is completed, the unit responsible for the emergency operations shall summarize the experience gained from this emergency response and submit a summary report within 15 days of its completion to the Provincial Special Equipment Accident Investigation and Handling Center. 7.2 Personnel responsible for emergency plugging under pressure must be trained and hold the appropriate qualification certificates for such work. 7.3 This work instruction is a guiding document for emergency response to accidents. After an accident occurs, emergency response efforts should be carried out under the guidance of an expert team, depending on the specific circumstances at the accident site. 7.4 This work instruction shall come into effect upon its issuance.

Emergency Rescue Plan for Ammonia Leaks in Synthesis Facilities I. Guiding Ideals and Principles for Emergency Rescue Guiding ideal: Implement various laws and regulations to handle all types of emergencies and potential accident hazards, thereby minimizing the impact of such accidents. Principle: Everyone is responsible for safe production; emergency incidents should be handled according to their severity; all staff must participate in rescue and disaster relief efforts. II. Emergency rescue organization for accidents: Establish an emergency rescue team in the workshop: Team leader: Deputy team leader: Team members: Procedure for reporting: When on-duty employees detect a leak of gaseous or liquid ammonia, they must immediately inform the on-duty supervisor, the workshop, and the main control room. In severe cases, it is necessary to report to the plant’s safety and environmental department, the fire brigade, the hospital, and the plant’s emergency response team at the same time; social assistance should be sought if needed. III. Properties of ammonia: Ammonia is colorless with a pungent odor; it is lighter than air and soluble in water. Concentrated ammonia solution contains 27% ammonia, and ammonia water has weak alkaline properties. Ammonia is flammable and explosive, with an upper explosion limit of 27% and a lower limit of 15.5%. NH3 is classified as a substance of category 4 toxicity; it enters the body primarily through the respiratory system, causing irritation to the upper respiratory tract as well as the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. At high concentrations, it can damage the central nervous system and lead to spasms. Contact of the eyes with liquid ammonia or high-concentration ammonia gas can cause burns, and in severe cases, corneal perforation may occur ； Liquid ammonia in contact with the skin can cause severe cold burns ； Inhaling ammonia at high concentrations can cause acute poisoning, primarily manifesting as difficulty breathing, pulmonary edema, and respiratory distress syndrome. V. Division of the hazard areas: The entire ammonia synthesis plant area, covering approximately 15,000 square meters, as well as the area within the protective dike of the ammonia storage facility, and the area surrounding the small refrigeration units, covering about 10,000 square meters, are considered hazardous areas. VI. Accident categories and emergency response plans: 1. An ammonia leak that occurs in small quantities is considered a workshop-level accident, while a large-scale leak is classified as a plant-level accident. 2. Protection: Every employee in the workshop is equipped with a gray filter-type gas mask to provide protection when the ammonia concentration in the air is below 2% ； When the concentration is above 2%, oxygen or air respirators designated for each position must be worn ； 3. Emergency measures: ⑴ In the event of a leak at the site, report it immediately and carry out emergency procedural actions to eliminate the leak. ⑵If the leakage is severe, the personnel on duty should immediately report to departments such as the Production Management Department, the Safety and Environmental Protection Department, the fire department, and the hospital. The workshop emergency team participates in the work of the rescue command team composed of various departments. ⑶The dangerous area at the scene should be isolated immediately, all sources of fire should be extinguished, and all operations that could generate sparks must be stopped. Evacuate people from the dangerous area to a location upwind as quickly as possible, depending on the circumstances. ⑷Organize experienced technical personnel and maintenance staff who, after properly equipping themselves with air respirators or oxygen respirators, go to the site to cut off the source of the leak (be sure to check that the respirators are in good condition before use). If necessary, shut down the urea plant urgently, close the ammonia boundary valve, and spray a large amount of clean water at the leak site to dilute the ammonia gas escaping. Stop the ammonia pressurization pump and hot ammonia pump in the synthesis workshop. ⑸If someone on site collapses due to poisoning, they must be carried out immediately for medical treatment. VII. On-site escape and first aid: First aid: 1. Quickly move the poisoned person to a location with clean air, either upwind or to the side, unbutton their clothes, ensure they stay warm and quiet, and administer oxygen. Note that patients who have been poisoned for an extended period should not undergo artificial respiration; instead, a 2% boric acid solution or 5% acetic acid can be administered via nebulization. 2. For eye and skin burns, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water; keep the eyes open during rinsing, and then rinse with a 2% boric acid solution. It is also necessary to go to the hospital for examination and treatment in a timely manner. Escape: 1. Wear a gas mask promptly in case of an ammonia leak. 2. Ammonia is lighter than air; when escaping, one should first determine the direction of the wind and move in the upwind or side-wind direction. 3. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to escape. VIII. Post-incident handling: Once the leakage site at the scene has been dealt with and the quality control center confirms that the ammonia level in the environment is within acceptable limits, the isolated area can be lifted, and preparations can be made to resume production. Emergency Training Plan for Ammonia Leaks in Synthesis Facilities I. Target Participants: All personnel in the workshop II. Purpose: To ensure that all workers in the workshop are familiar with emergency procedures for dealing with ammonia leaks, thereby reducing the severity of such incidents and preventing them from worsening. III. Training content and requirements: 1. Training content: The entire content of the \"Emergency Response Plan for Ammonia Leakage Incidents\". 2. Requirements: All participants in the drill must obey instructions, carry out the drills in accordance with the steps outlined in the emergency plan, and acquire knowledge regarding accident handling and self-protection. IV. Class schedule: twice a year per class. V. Assessment: After the drill, feedback from safety and gas prevention professionals is heard, and this feedback is taken into account in the evaluation for bonuses. Emergency Response Plan for Ammonia Leaks in Synthesis Facilities Table of Contents 1. Guiding Principles and Policies for Emergency Response 2. Organizational Structure for Accident Emergency Response 3. Procedures for Communication and Reporting 4. Properties of Ammonia 5. Zoning of the Accident Site 6. Types of Accidents and Corresponding Emergency Response Plans 7. Escape and First Aid at the Scene 8. Post-incident Handling