Foreign desulfurization technologies

May I ask which expert has the latest information from abroad on desulfurization technologies for gasoline, kerosene, and diesel? ? Also, I would like to ask: **Is it now being required that our country’s clean fuel oils comply with Europe’s latest standards?** What are the standards?

Regarding the **emission standards for vehicle exhaust gases, I found a webpage that I hope will be useful to everyone: http://www.chetx.com/news/2007-12-20/10098409.htm. However, I hope that those with more knowledge can upload up-to-date information on desulfurization technologies used abroad.

Is there no hero who can give some advice?

There was a previous post that provided an overview of hydrodesulfurization technology. Please ask the owner to look for it.

1.1 Overseas Technical Status To date, there are various main process technologies abroad for FCC gasoline desulfurization and olefin reduction. The main points are as follows: 1. ISAL hydrodesulfurization/RON recovery technology ； 2. OCTGAIN Hydrodesulfurization/RON Recovery Technology ； 3. SCANFing selective hydrogenation desulfurization process ； 4. Prime-G and Prime-G+ selective hydrodesulfurization processes ； 5. CDhydro & CDHDS processes ； 6. S-Zorb process, etc. The aforementioned process technologies can be divided into fixed-bed hydrogenation technology and adsorption desulfurization technology; the fixed-bed hydrogenation technology is further divided into single-stage and two-stage processes. 1. Single-stage FCC gasoline selective HDS process SCANFining ； Prime-G ； The desulfurization rate of this process technology is 80–90% ； Olefin saturation rate 10–20% ； (R+M)/2: Loss of 0.8 to 1.4 units ； The liquid yield is essentially unaffected. 2. The two-stage HDS/octane number recovery process combinations OCTGAIN, UOPISAL, Prime-G+, CDhydro&CDHDS employ two-stage catalytic hydrogenation to achieve deep desulfurization and selective hydrogenation, with an octane number loss of less than 0.5 units ； The liquid yield is essentially unaffected. Among them, the Prime-G+ and CDhydro&CDHDS processes are roughly equivalent; in these processes, the whole-range gasoline is first pre-hydrogenated. The main purpose of pre-hydrogenation is to convert dienes into monoenes, to transform and remove all thiol compounds, and to convert some light sulfides into heavier sulfides. The reaction product is then divided into light, medium, and heavy gasoline fractions. Light gasoline can be used as a component in gasoline blending or as a raw material for etherification, while medium gasoline is sent to a reforming unit, and heavy gasoline is sent to a second-stage hydrogenation process for further desulfurization. Prime-G+ uses conventional Ni-Mo and Co-Mo series catalysts, operates under mild reaction conditions, is a reliable process technology, and is the most widely used. Cdtech’s process utilizes its advanced Pd-series catalysts, which require a high metal content in the raw materials. Another feature of this technology is the use of a catalytic distillation tower; within this tower, the company’s proprietary CD-module is employed to combine the catalytic reaction process with the distillation system, thereby simplifying the overall process. • S-Zorb process: The S-Zorb technology employs a process that is completely different from hydrogenation; it uses a proprietary adsorbent to carry out desulfurization through adsorption principles. During this desulfurization process, gaseous hydrocarbons come into contact with the adsorbent, and under the action of the adsorbent and hydrogen, the carbon-sulfur bonds (C-S) are broken. Sulfur atoms are removed from the sulfur-containing compounds and transferred to the adsorbent, where they remain, while the hydrocarbon molecules return to the hydrocarbon stream. This process does not produce H2S, thereby avoiding the formation of thiol compounds resulting from the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and the olefins in the product, which could otherwise increase the sulfur content in the product. The mechanism of this technology compared to the hydrogenation process is as follows: Hydrogenation process mechanism: S-Zorb process mechanism: Since the S-Zorb desulfurization technique is based on the principle of adsorption, the rate at which sulfur is removed from different compounds differs fundamentally from that in the hydrogenation process. Sulfur-containing compounds that are difficult to remove during the hydrogenation process can be easily removed in the S-Zorb process ； Since there is no H2S in the reaction products, and mild hydrogenation conditions along with non-hydrogenation-type adsorbents prevent the formation of thiol compounds, the S-Zorb technology enables the production of low-sulfur products with low hydrogen consumption. Furthermore, since its adsorbent is completely different from the hydrogenation catalyst, olefin saturation is minimal; as a result, the octane number loss of the product is also less compared to hydrogenation. The disadvantages of this process are that it can only remove sulfur but not reduce olefins, it requires a large amount of adsorbent that cannot be regenerated, and it has poor environmental characteristics.

Thank you to the person above. Are there any new technologies for desulfurization of kerosene and diesel abroad? It must be different from the desulfurization of gasoline, right? Could someone give some advice?

Is there no hero who can offer some advice?

As far as I know, there have been no major technological breakthroughs abroad recently. Of course, there are a few cases of catalyst upgrades. Due to the level of difficulty, hydrogen desulfurization is the main method for diesel.

I would like to know: in terms of desulfurization of gasoline and diesel, which technologies are currently more advanced – those used domestically or those imported from abroad? Since major cities such as Beijing have set requirements that vehicle exhaust emissions must meet Euro 4 or Euro 5 standards, what improvements have been made in domestic technology for desulfurization within the refining industry? Have there been any improvements in foreign technologies after the standards were raised? Thank you!