Urgently seeking an article for the Nanning conference proceedings, specifically for the special issue on applications of oilfield chemistry

This post was last edited by 18 on 2010-3-15 at 15:47. I’m not sure if it’s this post; in that case, no fee is required. The purpose of coming to this forum is for mutual communication and learning. Structural analysis of a polyoxyethylene ether phosphate and study on its demulsification performance Abstract: The basic structure of a polyoxyethylene ether phosphate was determined through UV and NMR analyses, and its demulsification performance was tested using crude oil emulsions from two oil fields in Panyu (PY4-2 and PY5-1). The results show that this polyoxyethylene ether phosphate is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, with the alkyl group being C9 (nonyl) or C10, and an EO number of 10 ； The results of the laboratory demulsifier selection tests on PY4-2 and PY5-1 crude oils show that this alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate possesses good demulsifying properties. Keywords: demulsification ； NMR ； Polyoxyethylene ； phosphate ； Polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, as common emulsifiers, are widely used in industries such as cleaning and pesticides. Each emulsifier has its own appropriate emulsification temperature; some are suitable for emulsification at low temperatures of 0–15°C, while others are suitable for emulsification at high temperatures above 35°C. The crude oil processing temperature in the Panyu oil field reaches as high as 90°C. Given the close relationship between emulsifiers and demulsifiers, polyoxyethylene ether phosphate emulsifiers are fully capable of exerting a demulsifying effect at such high temperatures. This paper first determines the basic structure of this common emulsifier using UV and NMR, and then investigates its demulsification performance. 1 Experimental Section 1.1 Samples and Reagents Polyoxyethylene ether phosphate is a commercially available, mature surfactant product; silica gel plates, silica gel powder, and solid iodine tablets were purchased from Shenzhen Huashi Technology Co., Ltd ； Deuterated chloroform is a reagent specific for NMR, while chloroform, methanol, and ethanol are all commercially available analytical reagents. 1.2 Instruments and Methods The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer used was the UV-2501PC; the samples were prepared as 0.5% ethanol solutions. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was a Varian INOVA 400 M NMR; the samples were passed through a column using chloroform/methanol at a ratio of 5:1, and the purified samples were then prepared using deuterated chloroform. 1.3 Evaluation method for crude oil demulsification: Fresh crude oil emulsions from the PY4-2 and PY5-1 oil fields were used as samples, and their demulsification properties were studied in accordance with the petroleum standard SY/T 5280-2000. 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 UV Analysis Figure 1 shows the UV spectrum of this polyoxyethylene ether phosphate; the absorption peaks at 220–230 nm and 270–290 nm confirm that this substance is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. 2. 2 NMR Analysis Figures 2 and 3 show the nuclear magnetic resonance C-spectrum and H-spectrum of this polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. The 4 peaks at 77 ppm in Figure 2 and the peak at 7.24 ppm in Figure 3 are the solvent peaks of deuterated chloroform. Due to the presence of two quaternary carbon atoms in the benzene ring, the intensity of its absorption peak is low, making it unsuitable as a standard for calculating the EO value. Therefore, the peak area at 69.973 ppm, which corresponds to the C peak where the phenolic hydroxyl groups are not connected, is taken as the reference value 1. The positions of the various peaks, their integrated areas, and the corresponding number of carbon atoms are shown in Table 1. The EO value can be estimated as (18+1+1)/2, which is around 10 EO ； The alkyl group C has 9 atoms. Similarly, using the area of the H peak at 4.0 ppm, where the phenolic hydroxyl groups are not connected, as a reference value of 1, the positions of each peak, their integrated areas, and the corresponding number of H atoms are shown in Table 2. Based on this, the EO count can be estimated as (37 + 2 + 2)/4, which is 10 EO units; there are also 10 alkyl C atoms. The analysis results of the C spectrum and H spectrum consistently indicate that the substance is a phosphate of an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, with an alkyl group of C9 (nonyl) or C10, and 10 EO units. Table 1: Data of the main C-spectrum peaks in Figure 2
C-spectrum: Theoretical peak position, Actual peak position, Integration area, Number of peaks
EO with phenolic hydroxyl groups not connected: C 70–69, 69.973, 1, 1
EO with phenolic hydroxyl groups connected: C 68–67, 67.545–67.433 (4 peaks in total), 0.92, 1
EO C 71–70: 71.220–70.372 (9 peaks in total), 17.6, 18
Aromatic ring C1: 128–126, 128.00–126.81 (15 peaks in total), 1.79, 2
Aromatic ring C2: 114–113, 114.17–113.88 (6 peaks in total), 1.94, 2
Aromatic ring C3: 143–140, 143.18–140.13 (6 peaks in total), 0.16, 1
Aromatic ring C4: 157–156, 156.59–156.36 (3 peaks in total), 0.36, 1
Alkyl group C: 60–8, Multiple peaks, 8.5, 9

Table 2: Data of the main H-spectrum peaks in Figure 3
Position, Theoretical value, Measured value, Peak area, Number of peaks
H on EO with phenolic hydroxyl groups not connected: 4.31, 4.036–4.013 (3 peaks in total), 1, 2
H on EO with phenolic hydroxyl groups connected: 3.918–3.878 (4 peaks in total), 1.03, 2
H on the C atoms of EO: 3.639–3.0 (9 peaks in total), 18.55, 37
Aromatic ring H1: 7.18, 7.159–7.045 (9 peaks in total), 1.52, 2
Aromatic ring H2: 6.94, 6.757/6.736, 0.99, 2
H on alkyl group C: 2.55–0.9, 1.62–1.39 (Multiple peaks), 9.98, 20

2. Study on demulsification performance
Tables 3 and 4 present the laboratory test results under conditions simulating those in two oil fields in Panyu (that is, after emulsifying crude oil from which free water has been removed, demulsification and dehydration tests were carried out at 90°C). The sample mentioned in these tables is this alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, this alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate exhibits good demulsification and dewatering effects. Table 3 Data on demulsification and dewatering of PY4-2 crude oil (80 mL of crude oil emulsion, dosage concentration of 40 ppm, water content of 13%, dewatering temperature of 90°C)
Chemical Name Dewatering Time (min) & Water Removal Amount (mL) Interface Water Color
5 10 15 20 30 45 60 90
P-001 0.2 0.8 1 1.6 2 2.8 3 3.5 B+ A
P-001 0 0.2 0.8 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.6 B+ A
P-002 0 1.6 2.4 2.9 3 3.8 4 4.7 B+ A
P-002 0.5 1.5 2.3 3 3.2 4 4.3 5.3 B A
P-003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – –
P-003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – –
P-004 0.5 2 2.5 3.3 4.5 5.8 7.3 9.5 B+ A
P-004 1.2 2 3.2 4 4.8 6.8 7 8.8 B A
Sample 0.2 0.5 2 2.3 4.5 5.5 6 7 A B+
Sample 0.1 0.3 1.5 2 3.4 5 6.8 8.4 A B+
P-005 0.1 1 2.5 2.8 3.5 5 5 6.3 B+ A
P-005 0.1 1 2.8 3 3.3 4.5 5 6.8 B+ A

Table 4 Data on demulsification and dewatering of PY5-1 crude oil (80 mL of crude oil emulsion, dosage concentration of 40 ppm, water content of 17%, dewatering temperature of 90°C)
Chemical Name Dewatering Time (min) & Water Removal Amount (mL) Interface Water Color
5 10 15 20 30 45 60 90
P-001 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.5 C A-
P-001 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.3 0.3 1 C A-
P-002 0 0.03 0.5 1.6 2.5 4.5 6 6.5 B+ A-
P-002 0 0.04 1 1.2 2.6 4.2 5.7 6.5 B+ A
P-003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – –
P-003 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 – –
P-004 0.05 0.5 0.9 1.5 2.6 4.5 5.5 8.5 B A
P-004 0.05 0.3 0.6 1.6 2.6 5 7 10 B A
Sample 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 12 A-
Sample 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 3.5 5.5 13 A A
P-005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 2 C B
P-005 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1 2.5 C C

2.4 Conclusions
The results of UV and NMR analyses indicate that this polyoxyethylene ether phosphate is a phosphate of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, with the alkyl group being either C9 (nonyl) or C10, and an EO number of 10 ； The results of the laboratory demulsifier selection tests on PY4-2 and PY5-1 crude oils show that this alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate possesses good demulsifying properties, which also indicates that emulsifiers can promote demulsification under certain conditions.

The landlord requires a scanned copy of the paper: including the cover page of the proceedings, the table of contents, and the full text of the paper in question. It’s probably for evaluating professional titles; just text isn’t enough. Let’s see it through to the end on the 18th.