Coking Safety Regulations 1

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【Issuance Date】May 10, 1986 【Effective Date】May 10, 1986 【Issuing Authority】Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (issued under Document No. Ye An Zi No. 478 by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry on May 10, 1986) 1 General Provisions 1.1 These regulations are formulated in order to implement the policy of safe production, ensure the safety and health of employees, and protect **property from damage. 1.2 These regulations apply to the design, construction, acceptance, operation, maintenance, and management of new construction, expansion, and technical renovation projects for large and medium-sized coking plants in the metallurgical industry. When it is not possible to comply with the relevant provisions of these regulations due to the use of new technologies and processes, or the introduction of external technologies and projects, corresponding safety regulations shall be formulated, approved by the provincial or municipal metallurgy departments, and filed with the Ministry of Metallurgy. If the various facilities of existing coking plants do not meet the requirements of these regulations, they should be gradually upgraded ； Appropriate safety measures must be taken before the modification. 1.3 Enterprises must establish a safety production responsibility system; the factory manager, workshop supervisors, and team leaders bear full responsibility for safety production within their respective factories, workshops, and teams. The chief engineer or technical supervisor is technically responsible for safety work. Personnel from various functional departments and workers of different trades must be responsible for ensuring safe production within their respective areas of responsibility or job positions. While planning, arranging, checking, summarizing, and evaluating production (infrastructure) work, it is necessary to also plan, arrange, check, summarize, and evaluate safety work. 1.4 All employees must receive safety and technical training; only those who pass the examination are allowed to take up operational duties. 1.5 For new construction, expansion, and technical renovation projects, facilities must be in place to ensure safe production, safe maintenance, and the removal of toxic and harmful substances; such facilities should be designed, constructed, and put into operation simultaneously with the main project. 1.6 Construction must be carried out in accordance with the design. For the concealed parts of the project, they can be concealed only after being inspected and found to be satisfactory by both the production unit and the construction unit. 2 Plant Layout 2.1 Site Selection 2.1.1 Coking plants in metallurgical complexes should be located downwind of the direction from which winds blow most frequently throughout the year in that complex. 2.1.2 Coking plants should be located upwind of the wind direction with the lowest frequency in summer in residential areas ； The distance between the edge of the factory area and the edge of the residential area must be no less than 1000 m. 2.1.3 Major buildings should be located as far away as possible from areas with poor geological conditions. When establishing factories in mining areas, they should also be kept away from subsidence zones and within the safe distance from blasting sites. 2.1.4 The coking site (especially the main structure of large and medium-sized coke ovens) should be elevated 0.5 m above the local highest flood level (including wave impact and water accumulation height) to prevent flooding. 2.2 Layout 2.2.1 The longitudinal axis of the coke oven bank should form the smallest possible angle with the wind direction of the highest frequency in the area. 2.2.2 The recycling workshop should be located on the machine side or at one end of the coke oven, with the outermost edge of its buildings being no less than 40m away from the edge line of the coke oven body. 2.2.3 The refining of crude benzene and the processing of tar should be carried out at centralized plant facilities established on a regional basis. The refined benzene workshop should not be located in the center of the plant area, and the distance between it and the coke oven body must be at least 50 meters. The tar workshop should be located on the edge of the plant area, on the upwind side of the wind direction with the lowest frequency. The asphalt production facility should be located at the edge of the plant area. 2.2.4 The fire separation distance between the oil storage areas in the pure benzene and tar workshops and other buildings (structures) shall not be less than that specified in Table 1. Table 1: Fire separation distances from flammable fuel storage areas to buildings and structures – Type and capacity of the storage area, Minimum distance in meters from the nearest tank wall. Type and capacity of the storage area; Name of the building/structure; Total capacity of flammable liquids in m3; Total capacity of combustible liquids in m3: <200, 201–1000, 1001–5000. Minimum distances: <1000, 1001–5000, 5001–25000. Buildings/structures other than workshops: Levels 1, 2, 3, 4: 15, 20, 25, 20, 25, 30, 25, 30, 40. Locations with open flames or sparks: 30, 40, 50, 30, 40, 50. Railway lines: Main line along the railway centerline, other lines: 50, 40, 50, 40, 60, 50, 40, 30, 40, 30, 50. Railway lines outside coking plants (not main railway lines); Steel plant’s molten iron lines, hot slag lines, hot sintered ore lines; Railway lines inside coking plants (including those within the workshop): 35, 50, 25, 35, 50, 25, 35, 50, 25, 30, 30, 20, 30, 30, 20, 30, 30. Roads: Edge of the road surface outside the plant: 20, 20, 15, 15, 15; Edge of the road surface inside the plant: Main roads, Secondary roads: 15, 10, 15, 10, 15, 10, 5, 10, 5, 10. Pump houses serving the workshop; Railway loading/unloading equipment: 12, 15, 12, 15, 15, 20, 89, 10, 12, 10, 12. Locations where flammable or combustible liquids are loaded onto vehicles (tank trucks): 12, 30, 12, 40, 15, 50, 83, 0, 10, 40, 10, 50. Height equivalent to 1.5 times the height of utility pole for overhead power lines. Note: (1) Locations with open flames or sparks refer to various types of heating furnaces that produce open flames, as well as maintenance workshops that generate sparks. (2) The fire separation distance shall be measured from the outer wall of the storage tank closest to the building, but the distance from the base line outside the fire dike to the building shall not be less than 10 m. (3) The fire separation distances between the storage areas for flammable and combustible liquids, storage yards, Class A production buildings, Class A material warehouses, and civil buildings shall be increased by 25% as specified in this table; however, the fire separation distance between semi-outdoor storage yards for flammable liquids and the aforementioned buildings shall not be less than 25 m. (4) When calculating the total storage capacity of a tank area, 1 m³ of flammable liquid is equivalent to 5 m³ of combustible liquid. 3 Plant Buildings and Transportation 3.1 Plant Buildings 3.1.1 The fire hazard classification for the main production areas of coking plants should not be lower than that specified in Table 2. Table 2　　　Classification of Fire Hazard in Major Production Areas Categories: Coal preparation, coking, benzene recovery, tar. Areas include gas collection ducts and instrument rooms, suction pipelines, regenerative basements for coke ovens, flue corridors, direct-type instrument rooms, gas pipe trenches, gas preheating chambers, and gas water seal chambers. Gas treatment sections such as the primary cooler, upper and lower layers of the blower, electrostatic tar collector, ammonium sulfate saturator, secondary cooling, ammonia washing, benzene washing, and desulfurization. The crude benzene production plant area, storage tank area, loading station; the pyridine production plant area and storage area; the deep-agent phenol removal production plant area and solvent storage tank area; the area within the walls of the direct-type control room; the loading and unloading station; the oil storage area; the laboratory. Tar tubular furnace, distillation unit area, asphalt storage tank at a high level, asphalt heating furnace, asphalt reaction kettle. B: Crushing and grinding rooms, blast furnace gas single-heating coke ovens, basement areas, flue corridors, gas ducts, water seal chambers, and direct-type instrument rooms. Condensate pump room, ammonia water pump room, ammonia vaporization unit area, concentrated ammonia water storage tank, loading station. Vapor tube furnace, distillation and condensation cooling unit area, crystallization chamber, product tank, and storage room. Coal Yard C, storage tanks, belt conveyor corridors and transfer stations, coal blending room, coal loading and unloading areas. Desulfurization and regeneration unit area, sulfur storage room, laboratory. Tar storage tank, fraction cooling area and pump room, fraction washing room, anthracene centrifuge room, anthracene storage tank, laboratory. 3.1.2 The area surrounding the factory building should be leveled, landscaped, and roads leading to the building should be constructed. 3.1.3 Fire doors should be installed at the openings of trays, corridors, or firewalls that connect to areas with fire and explosion hazards. 3.1.4 When pipes or shafts must pass through a fire wall, the passage area should be sealed. 3.1.5 After the piping in the trench passing through the fire dike of the flammable oil depot has been installed, it must be filled in. Pipelines unrelated to this oil depot are prohibited from passing through the fire dike. 3.1.6 The doors and windows of flammable or combustible production buildings or warehouses should open outward. There should be no doors or windows on the wall of the pump room in the oil depot that is adjacent to the storage tanks. 3.1.7 The fire separation distances between the internal equipment and machinery of the process unit and the layout of buildings shall comply with the provisions in Table 3. Table 3 Fire separation distances between internal equipment, machinery, and building layouts in process plants. Distance from the starting point: Process equipment, pumps, or pump rooms; Heating furnaces. Class A production buildings; Class B production buildings; Class A production buildings; Class B production buildings. Locations with open flames: Hot oil pumps – 10 m; Other equipment – 15 m. Power distribution rooms (electromagnetic stations) – 10 m; 8 m. Instrument rooms – 10 m; 8 m; 15 m. 12.32 Internal railway lines. 3.2.1 The fire separation distance between Class A production buildings that emit flammable gases or vapors and external railway lines (centerline) should be no less than 30 m, while the distance from such buildings to internal railway lines (centerline) should be no less than 20 m. 3.2.2 Railway loading and unloading lines for flammable and combustible liquids as well as hazardous materials should preferably be straight sections ； In cases of difficult conditions, it can be located on a curve with a radius of not less than 500 m, but the longitudinal slope should be zero. When the loading and unloading line is a dead end line, the distance from the end of this line to the loading and unloading platform must be at least 20 m. 3.2.3 Turnouts shall not be installed in the following locations: a Within 20 meters of flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks ； b At the intersection with the road. 3.2.4 At the intersection of railways and plant roads, shims should be placed to raise the level to that of the rail surface. 3.3 Internal factory roads 3.3.1 External roads are prohibited from crossing the factory area. 3.3.2 Around the factory area and areas classified as Class A and Class B fire hazard zones, there should be fire lanes with a road width of not less than 3.5 m, or passages with a width of not less than 6 m. The clear height above the fire lanes should be not less than 5 m. Fire lanes should avoid crossing railways at grade ； If an intersection is necessary, lanes should be provided, and the distance between the two lanes should not be less than the length of a train. 3.3.3 The roads within the plant should be arranged in a circular pattern. When it needs to be designed as a dead-end type, its end should be equipped with a turning area of not less than 12×12 m. 3.3.4 Signal lights and bells should be installed at road-railway intersections, and barriers, overpasses, or underpasses should be provided at busy crossings. 4 Fire protection facilities 4.1 Large and medium-sized coking plants should be equipped with fire stations. Fire stations should be **buildings, located along main roads. 4.2 Fire stations should have direct alarm signals or telephone connections to major fire-hazardous areas such as crude benzene, refined benzene, and tar. 4.3 The high-purity benzene workshop should be equipped with centralized fire extinguishing facilities (such as foam stations). 4.4 Fixed or semi-fixed fire-suppression steam pipes or foam fire-suppression pipes shall be installed separately in the following locations, equipment, and apparatus ； a. Fixed type for refined benzene and refined benzene oil storage tanks. b. Fixed type for oil pump rooms handling crude benzene, refined benzene, tar, pyridine, naphthalene, etc. c. Fixed type installed indoors for the distillation and washing units of crude benzene and refined benzene; semi-fixed type installed outdoors. d. Fixed type for the furnace chamber and elbow boxes of tubular furnaces. e. Fixed type for the high-level storage tanks for naphthalene and the drum crystallizers. f. Semi-fixed type at locations where other equipment or pipelines are prone to leakage and fire. 4.5 The fire extinguishing steam pipes should be connected before the main steam pipes used for production. The control valves or connections for the fire extinguishing steam pipes and foam fire pipes should be installed in locations that facilitate easy operation. 4.6 Steam fire extinguishing systems shall not be installed on the equipment and storage tanks related to the first distillate of pure benzene; instead, inert gas fire extinguishing systems shall be installed. 4.7 Fire hoses should be arranged in a circular pattern, and each fire hydrant should have water supply from two directions. 4.8 Each factory building, structure, warehouse, etc. shall be equipped with small fire extinguishers and other simple fire-fighting equipment, in quantities not less than those specified in Table 4. The location where fire extinguishing equipment is placed should be easily accessible. Table 4: Number of small fire extinguishing devices per km2 – Number of devices per area (units/km2). Notes: Class A and B outdoor production facilities; Class C outdoor production facilities; Class A and B production buildings; Class C production buildings; Class A and B warehouses; Class C warehouses. 6–7, 5–6, 20, 12, 12, 10. For loading and unloading platforms for flammable and combustible liquids, one device should be provided every 10–15 meters in length; dry powder fire extinguishers can also be used. Note: (1) If the floor area of the facility is greater than 1000 m2, the lower value should be used; if it is less than 1000 m2, the higher value should be used. (2) When it is less than one unit area, round it off. (3) The minimum number of fire extinguishers required is two. (4) Small fire extinguishers refer to portable extinguishers such as those using 101 foam, 8 kg of dry powder, or 5 kg of carbon dioxide. (5) At individual locations prone to fires, larger portable fire extinguishers such as those using foam or dry powder can be appropriately added. 5 Basic Requirements for Safety Protection 5.1 General Provisions 5.1.1 Measures to prevent personnel from approaching, as well as warning signs, should be in place around all devices that are operated automatically or remotely. 5.1.2 The ends of the equipment moving on the track shall be equipped with buffers, and electrical limiters and mechanical safety stops shall be installed at both ends of the track. 5.1.3 Walking equipment and rotating equipment for which protective covers cannot be installed shall be equipped with audible and visual warning signals before startup (and, if necessary, during operation), as well as effective braking brakes. 5.1.4 Ditches, pits, wells, and openings for lifting work at heights shall be provided with protective railings, doors, or covers. 5.1.5 Fiber-based clothing should not be worn in positions involving flammable, explosive materials or open flames. 5.2 Protective Facilities 5.2.1 Protective railings must be installed at the edges of stairs where there is a risk of falling, as well as around rotating and lifting equipment. 5.2.2 Platforms or walkways shall be provided in areas for working at heights, operating, and maintenance. 5.2.3 The entrances and exits to walkways, stairways, or factory buildings should not be located directly opposite areas where vehicles or equipment are frequently in use ； Otherwise, protective devices and conspicuous warning signs should be installed. 5.2.4 The clear width of walkways within the production facility shall not be less than 1 m; the clear width of walkways leading to only one operation point or those on equipment shall not be less than 0.8 m, and in special cases it shall not be less than 0.6 m. 5.2.5 Hazardous components such as conveyor belts, exposed gears, grinding wheels, electric saws, couplings near the ground level, rotating shafts, pulleys, and flywheels must all be equipped with protective nets or covers. 5.2.6 Safety interlock devices shall be installed in all equipment where it is appropriate and where the device cannot be started due to incomplete safety devices. 5.2.7 Wherever it is necessary to draw people’s attention to hazardous environments and objects, eye-catching safety signs should be installed. Where safety signs are installed, audible and visual warning signals should also be provided. 6 Electrical Safety 6.1 Fire and Explosion Prevention 6.1.1 The classification of the main areas at risk of explosion and fire in coking plants shall comply with the provisions in Table 5. 6.1.2 When equipment with the required fire and explosion protection ratings cannot be obtained, substitute equipment shall be installed in a small room separated from the hazardous area. 6.1.3 Switchgear and substation rooms, as well as electromagnetic stations, should be equipped with dry powder, carbon dioxide, or 1211 fire extinguishers. 6.1.4 Overhead wires shall not pass over Class A and Class B production areas. 6.1.5 Cable trenches must be properly isolated at the entrances and exits to rooms with Class A and B fire hazards, as well as at substations and distribution rooms. Meanwhile, measures should be taken to prevent combustible gases, flammable liquids, or substances such as acids and alkalis from leaking into the cable trenches. 6.1.6 Copper wires and cables shall be used in the refined benzene workshop. Insulation tests should be conducted on all wires and cables at least once every 5 years. During the major overhaul of refined benzene, all wires and cables must be replaced. 6.1.7 It is prohibited to install any electrical equipment or wires inside the light ends storage area; wiring outside the area must also be installed within conduits. Table 5: Grades of Major Explosion and Fire Hazardous Areas
Workshop areas or equipment grades: Indoor/Outdoor
Coal storage areas, coal yards; crushers, pulverizers, conveyor belts, transfer stations, coal blending rooms – H-2, H-3, H-2
Coking gas collection pipes, direct-type metering rooms; coke oven basements – Q-3, Q-2, Q-3, Q-2, Q-3, Q-3, Q-2
Flue duct corridors; bottom-mounted, side-mounted, direct-type metering rooms; bottom layers of coal towers, furnace platforms, and furnace end platforms; coal gas preheater rooms, coal gas water seal rooms
Workshop areas or equipment grades: Indoor/Outdoor
Recovery and primary cooling units; tar-ammonia water separation devices and storage tanks; blowers; electrostatic tar collectors; ammonium sulfate saturators; pyridine recovery devices and storage tanks – Q-2, Q-2Q-2, Q-2, Q-2Q-2, G-2, H-1, Q-3, H-1, Q-3Q-3Q-3, Q-3Q-2Q-3Q-3Q-3, Q-2, H-1, Q-3Q-3, Q-3, H-1, Q-3, G-1
Solvent dephenolization: extraction towers, alkali washing towers, oil-water separators; solvent storage tanks; pump rooms; naphthalene washing, final cooling, ammonia washing, benzene washing, desulfurization towers; ammonia vaporization units; ammonia water pump rooms; concentrated ammonia water tanks; final cooling and naphthalene oil storage tanks
Crude benzene processing section: distillation units; washing pump rooms; product pump rooms; oil-water separators and storage tanks; oil washing storage tanks
Desulfurization section: desulfurization towers; desulfurizer regeneration units; sulfur storage warehouses; coal gas venting units; laboratories
Pure benzene distillation units and pump rooms, intermediate storage tanks; washing units and pump rooms; acid tar evaporation equipment – Q-2, Q-2Q-3, Q-3
Oil storage areas: pump rooms; loading platforms, vehicle washing platforms; storage tanks; barrel filling rooms – Q-2, Q-1, Q-1, Q-1, Q-3, Q-2
Tar distillation: distillation towers, intermediate tanks; fraction coolers, pump rooms – H-1, Q-2, H-1, H-1, H-2, H-1, H-1, H-1, H-3
Industrial naphthalene: distillation towers and cooling/condensation units; crystallization rooms, product tanks, storage warehouses; washing and crystallization; fraction washing rooms, crystallization rooms; centrifuge rooms and intermediate tanks; naphthalene storage warehouses; tar oil storage areas; asphalt; high-level asphalt storage tanks; asphalt cooling and transportation machines, loading stations
6.2 Protection against electric shock
6.2.1 Insulating sheets should be laid on the floors in front of the electrical control boxes and distribution panels of various equipment. Insulating gloves, insulating boots, and insulating rods should be available in the transformer and substation rooms as well as in electromagnetic stations. 6.2.2 The height of the sliding contact wire should not be less than 3.5 m ； If it is less than 3.5m, a protective net should be installed at its lower part, and the protective net must be properly grounded. 6.2.3 The clear width of the walkway in the electromagnetic station on the vehicle shall not be less than 0.8 m ； When bare conductors are installed above the sidewalk at a height not exceeding 2.2 m from the ground, there should be a partition below them, with this partition being at a height of not less than 1.9 m from the ground. 6.2.4 The enclosures of electrical equipment (especially hand-held power tools) and the metal sheaths of wires shall be provided with neutral or ground protection as well as leakage protectors. 6.2.5 The tracks of electrically driven vehicles shall be grounded, and the track joints shall be connected with crossbars. 6.2.6 The row lights must be low-voltage lamps of 24 volts ； In metal containers or humid areas, the voltage must not exceed 12 volts. The circuit with a safe voltage must be floating. 6.3 Lightning Protection 6.3.1 Buildings and production facilities must take measures to protect against direct lightning strikes as well as induced lightning strikes. 6.3.2 The refined benzene workshop shall be equipped with **lightning protection devices. 7 Drainage 7.1 Except for rainwater, other wastewater shall not be discharged through open ditches. 7.2 Phenol and cyanide-containing wastewater must be treated to meet the current industrial waste discharge standards. Discharge by dilution is prohibited. 7.3 Rainwater and other wastewater must not be discharged into the phenol wastewater sewer. 7.4 Within the production unit, the sewer for phenol-containing wastewater from the drainage tanks to the collection well can be an open ditch; however, the sewer for phenol-containing wastewater leaving the production unit should preferably use above-ground pipelines. 7.5 Sewers carrying oily wastewater shall be equipped with water seal wells at the following locations, where the height of the water seal must not be less than 2.5×103 Pa (2.55×102 mmH2O): a. At the outlets of sewers in production units, buildings, tank groups, and ducts that generate oily wastewater ； b. At the outlet of the sewer for the dikes surrounding furnaces, towers, pumps, or heat exchange equipment that generate oily wastewater within the production facility ； c. Inlet and outlet of the oil separator. 7.6 The main and branch sewers throughout the plant should be separated from one another in various areas (equipment area, tank area, auxiliary production area) using water seal wells ； The length of the pipeline between water seal wells should not exceed 300 m. 7.7 Where the sewers within the flammable and combustible liquid storage tank area pass through the fire dike, valves and water seal wells should be installed outside the dike; these valves shall only be opened during drainage and should remain closed at all other times. 7.8 The protection height of the oil separator should not be less than 0.4 m. There should also be measures to prevent spilled oil from leaking out, as well as steam-based fire extinguishing methods. 8 Industrial Hygiene 8.1 Dust and Gas Prevention 8.1.1 For production processes and equipment that emit harmful substances, it is necessary to enhance sealing to avoid direct handling. 8.1.2 The dust concentration in the air of the workplace shall not exceed 10 mg/m3, and the dust content in the exhaust gases shall comply with the current standards for industrial waste emissions. 8.1.3 Dust removal equipment should be installed in the following locations: a. Areas where coal and coke are loaded and unloaded ； b. At coal and coke conveyor belts, coke silos, chutes, transfer stations, and screening equipment ； c. Places where coal is crushed and ground ； d. Areas for coal charging, coke extraction, and coke quenching in coke ovens. 8.1.4 The coking discharge in the main ditch should be mechanized, and an operation room should be provided. 8.1.5 The opening and closing of the coke bin vents should be operated from a distance, and an operation room should be provided. 8.1.6 The dust removal equipment should be interlocked with the corresponding process equipment to ensure it starts before the latter and stops after it. 8.1.7 Measures must be taken to ensure that the concentration of toxic gases in the air of the workplace does not exceed the values specified in Table 6. 8.1.8 Water and steam pipes for domestic use shall not be directly connected to water and steam pipes for production use. 8.2 Heat prevention and cooling 8.2.1 Air conditioning equipment should be installed in the following locations: a. The roof of the coke oven, the machine side, the worker rest areas on the coke side, and the rest areas for workers performing hot repairs in high-temperature environments ； b. Cab of the coke pusher, coal loader, coke stopper, and coke quencher ； c. Control rooms for commutator operators, blower operators, blast condenser pump operators, coking discharge operators in large ditches, coke house operators, coke screening operators, etc ； d. Temperature-controlled firing workshop in high-temperature environments ； e. Other areas that exceed the requirements specified in TJ36–79, the Health Standards for Industrial Enterprise Design. Table 6: Maximum allowable concentrations of toxic gases in workplace air. Maximum allowable concentrations of vapors or gases (mg/m3): Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia, Benzene disulfide, Phenol, Cyanogen hydrogen, Pyridine – 30, 10, 30, 40, 105. 0.34, 8.2.2 Coking plants must provide cool drinks for workers working in high-temperature environments. 8.3 Ventilation and Heating 8.3.1 The air in workshops that are dusty or emit toxic gases shall not be recirculated. 8.3.2 The supply and exhaust ventilation equipment used in Class A and Class B production workshops shall not be located in the same ventilator room, nor shall it be placed together with the supply and exhaust ventilation equipment of other rooms. The ventilation systems of flammable and explosive areas that are isolated from each other shall not be connected together. 8.3.3 Ventilation equipment in areas at risk of fire or explosion shall be made of non-combustible materials, and the ventilation system shall have measures for grounding and eliminating static electricity. 8.3.4 Air containing explosive dust should be purified before entering the exhaust fan. 8.3.5 The emergency fans shall be equipped with two power supplies, and the switches for the manual emergency exhaust fans shall be located indoors and outdoors at locations that are easy to access for operation. 8.3.6 Automatic or manual emergency exhaust systems shall be installed in the following locations: a. Blower room in the recycling workshop ； b. Benzene distillation pump room, main distillation plant, purified benzene washing section, indoor warehouse ； c. Pyridine plant equipment room, production building, warehouse, pump house. 8.3.7 The temperature inside the cab of frequently operated outdoor mobile equipment shall not be lower than 10°C. 8.3.8 Airfoil radiators should not be used for heating in coal preparation, coking, recovery, and refining workshops. 8.3.9 Workshops or warehouses that produce flammable and explosive liquids with a flash point of 28°C or lower (such as crude benzene, benzene, toluene, xylene, carbon disulfide, and pyridine) shall not use radiators for heating; instead, non-circulating hot air heating should be employed. 8.3.10 The ventilation, heating, and dust removal in the main areas of the coking plant shall meet the requirements of Table 7. Table 7: Ventilation, heating, and dust removal in key areas
Heating temperature in workshop areas (°C): Ventilation, dust removal; Minimum air change rate; Measures; Remarks
Coal thawing warehouse: Blower room, Control room
Car dump machine room: Upper level, Control room, Middle level, Lower level, Coal receiving pit
Crusher room
Coal blending room: Upper level, Lower level
Grinder room: Grinder room, Motor room, Welding hammer room
Top of coal tower
Coal sampling room
Conveyor belts: Above-ground corridors, Above-ground transfer stations, Underground corridors, Workers’ rest rooms in various sections
1016516 18 1010512101655165128165 3 555 Calculated value 5 Natural ventilation, Natural ventilation, Natural ventilation, Natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation, Natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation, Natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation; Dust removal system installed; Natural exhaust hoods can be installed in each tank; Natural ventilation; Dust removal devices installed; Mechanical ventilation with motors as needed; Mechanical exhaust and natural ventilation; Natural ventilation for exhaust; Dust removal system installed as needed; Natural ventilation or mechanical dust removal, Natural ventilation or mechanical dust removal, Natural ventilation or mechanical dust removal, Natural ventilation
Coking: Coking screening building, Coke storage tanks, Conveyor belt for mixed coke under the coking platform, Conveyor belts: Corridors, Transfer stations, Coke sampling room, Workers’ rest rooms, Basement of coke ovens, Commutator room
8 8 8101616 3 3 Natural exhaust hoods installed indoors; Air conditioning in control rooms; Mechanical dust removal for screening equipment; Conveyors are sealed, with mechanical dust removal; Same as above; Natural exhaust; Windows or exhaust stacks for natural exhaust; Conveyors are sealed, with mechanical dust removal; Air conditioning installed in high-temperature areas; Mechanical ventilation; Air conditioning in control rooms
Condensate recovery pump room: Blower room: Upper level, Lower level
Ammonium sulfate crystallization tanks and centrifuge room, Ammonium sulfate drying room, Ammonium sulfate warehouse, Pyridine metering tanks and separator room, Reagent warehouse and its pump room, Ammonia water pump room, Crude benzene pump room, Solvent dephenolization pump room, Refined benzene washing pump room, Washing and separation room, Distillation pump room, Oil-water separator and metering tank room, Oil warehouse pump room
10 or 1610 or 1651610510101055~751552~3335 Air conditioning installed in driver’s room
10 or 161010 or 160 or 160 or 160 or 1600551210151020 Mechanical exhaust or supply of air for refined benzene; Same as above; Mechanical exhaust; Same as above; Mechanical exhaust or supply of air
Coke oil: Coke tar distillation pump room, Fraction cooler room, Fraction crystallization and washing pump room, Anthracene crystallizer room, Anthracene centrifuge, Coke tar oil warehouse pump room, Industrial anthracene crystallizer room, Anthracene and anthracene warehouses
10 or 1610 or 160 or 16161610165101561010 Calculated based on exhaust volume. 3
Gas analysis room, Analysis room, Laboratory equipment room, Washing room, Weighing room, Titration room, Clothing hanging room, Others
16 16 16 16 16 15 10 10 8 3 6 Mechanical exhaust installed; Same as above; Same as above; Same as above
Note: The indoor heating temperature of 10 or 16°C should be determined according to the process operating conditions. 10°C is applicable when there is a centralized control room, otherwise 16°C is used. 8.4 Noise Prevention 8.4.1 For production processes and equipment that generate industrial noise, measures such as vibration isolation, noise reduction, and sound absorption should be adopted to reduce noise at its source. 8.4.2 The noise level in existing enterprise workplaces shall not exceed 90 dB(A), while that in newly built or renovated enterprise workplaces shall not exceed 85 dB(A). 8.4.3 The Roots blower should be installed in a soundproof chamber. 8.4.4 Silencers shall be installed on the backpressure steam vent pipes of steam turbine blowers. 8.5 Release of radioactive materials 8.5.1 When using radioactive isotopes for detection, measurement, and communication, the following rules must be followed: a. Measures must be in place to ensure that radioactive sources do not get lost. b. Personnel who may be exposed to radiation hazards should wear monitoring devices, with a maximum allowable dose equivalent of 50 mSv (5 rem) per year. 8.5.2 Workers who are close to the maximum allowable exposure dose must undergo a medical examination at least once a year. Special cases should be checked promptly. 8.5.3 Clear signs, warning plates, and restricted area markings must be installed at the radiation source. 9 Lighting 9.1 Lighting shall be provided in work areas with insufficient natural light, in places where people work at night, and on roads where people and vehicles are present at night. 9.2 The lighting in each lane and its vicinity should not cause glare for vehicle drivers. 9.3 The illuminance in each workplace shall not be lower than the values specified in Table 8. Table 8: Illumination levels in major work areas. Minimum illumination levels (in lux): Workshops and work areas – 3,335; Storage areas for coal outdoors – 510,202,020. Top of coke ovens and their sides – Open-air installations in recycling and refining workshops – Asphalt ponds, thawing chambers, open-air cleaning rooms, loading/unloading platforms, unloading trestles – Stairwells and corridors – Car dumpers in coal receiving areas, garages, transfer stations, coke cooling platforms, platforms between ovens and at the ends of ovens, conveyor belt corridors, material storage areas, fume hoods, corridors beneath coal receiving areas. Crushing and grinding room, coal blending room, top of the coal storage tower, basement of the coke oven, corridors on both sides of the coke oven, coke screening building, coke quenching pump room; units for recovering condensed air, ammonium sulfate, and crude benzene along with their associated pump rooms; units for crude distillation, crystallization, and washing along with their associated pump rooms. 9.4 Emergency lighting should be installed in the following areas: a. Control room of the coke oven reversing motor, basements, and flue corridors; b. Blower room in the recovery workshop, ammonium sulfate saturator unit, and crude benzene processing unit ； c. Pure benzene workshop ； d. Substation and power distribution room ； e. Underground passageways in coal pits, bottom floor of dump car rooms ； f. Passages beside pools and pits, platforms or trestles without reliable railings, etc. 9.5 In the event of a normal lighting failure, the emergency lighting should be able to switch on automatically. 9.6 The layout of lighting fixtures should strive to eliminate shadows. 10 Communications, Signals, and Instruments 10.1 Direct telephone lines should be provided from the plant control room to various workshops, processes, teams, and some key positions. 10.2 Direct telephone lines or direct communication channels should be established between the following units (or locations): a. The plant control room and units such as those responsible for heat supply, power supply, gas safety, and sanitation ； b. Coal reception and storage ； c. Central control console and related devices ； d. Positions related to the coke transportation and screening systems ； e. Blowers, coke oven commutators, and the gas management department of the integrated enterprise. 10.3 Pipelines for flammable, combustible, and toxic media shall not enter the instrument room directly; instead, the signals should be transmitted to the instrument control room via transmitters. 10.4 Concentration alarm devices or handheld detection instruments for combustible gases, toxic gases, and vapors must be installed in the following locations: a. Gas blower room ； b. Coke oven basement, flue corridor ； c. Indoor production units, pump rooms, warehouses, etc. in the chemical production area. 11 Coal preparation 11.1 Receipt of coal 11.1.1 Signal lights should be installed at the entrances and exits for coal trucks at the thawing facilities and coal unloading quays. 11.1.2 The gas pipelines and equipment in the thawing facility shall comply with the current gas safety regulations. 11.1.3 Coal unloading should be carried out mechanically. 11.1.4 Screw coal unloaders and chain bucket conveyors shall be equipped with track clamps. 11.1.5 The lifting mechanism of the screw of the screw coal unloader, and that of the bucket of the bucket coal unloader, shall be equipped with limit switches for the lifting height. 11.1.6 The car dumper shall be equipped with an emergency switch, an automatic uncoupling device, and an uncoupling signal. 11.1.7 The car dumper shall be equipped with limit signals and switches for the tilting angle, a power-off switch for manual cleaning of the carriages, and braking brakes. 11.1.8 Protective fences should be installed on both sides of the slipway at the exit of the car dumper. 11.1.9 Loaded and unloaded iron bulls shall be equipped with travel limit switches and signaling devices at the front and rear, as well as braking brakes. 11.2 Coal Yard 11.2.1 Portal or bridge crane types should be equipped with track clamps and escalators running from bottom to top, so that the operator can see the working area and its surroundings clearly. 11.2.2 Portal or bridge grab cranes shall be equipped with the following safety devices: a. Interlock that prevents the main frame from moving while the winch trolley is in operation ； b. Automatic power-off interlock when the door of the winch trolley’s electrical room is opened, or a maintenance power-off switch ； c. Grab lift limit position device ； d. Dual-workshop spacing limit device. 11.2.3 Large gantry grab cranes shall be equipped with an anemometer, a tilt limit device, and an up-and-down communication system. 11.2.4 The stacker-reclaimer shall be equipped with the following devices: a. anemometer ； b. Slot detection device ； c anti-collision device ； . d. Metal detection device ； e. Transport belt interlock device ； f. Communication device for coal yard dispatch ； g. Limit switches and signals for the rotary mechanism and the axis-changing mechanism ； h. Manual or electric rail clamps with **power supply. 11.2.5 The power supply trench for the pile sampler shall be equipped with a protective cover or mesh, and drainage facilities shall be provided within the trench. 11.2.6 In windy and rainy areas, a coating agent should be sprayed on coal piles. 11.3 Coal bins (including coal receiving bins, coal storage bins, coal distribution bins, and coal towers, etc.) 11.3.1 All areas of the coal bins above the coal inlet should be covered, and rain shelters and wind barriers should be installed. A grating should be provided at the coal inlet; the size of the grating in the coal receiving bin should not exceed 0.2×0.3 m, while that in the coal bin under the dump car should not exceed 0.4×0.8 m. The gaps between the grates in the coal bins located after the crusher should not be larger than 0.2 m. 11.3.2 The access opening at the top of the coal bin shall be provided with a metal cover or fence. 11.3.3 When cleaning large-volume coal bins, if the illumination provided by low-voltage lights is not sufficient, 220-volt lighting lamps can be used; the lamps, wires, and switches should be placed in locations where they cannot be accessed by people or tools. 11.3.4 The spill ports of the coal hopper should be hyperbolic in shape, and the coal discharge operation should be mechanized. 11.3.5 The underground passages of the coal bins shall be equipped with facilities to prevent groundwater from seeping in; the floor shall have a slope leading to drainage ditches, which shall be located in areas where people do not operate frequently and shall be covered with lids. 11.3.6 In addition to the conveyor belt corridor, an additional exit should be provided at the top of the coke oven coal tower. 11.4 Coal blending and belt conveyors 11.4.1 Coal blending operations should be automated. 11.4.2 The clear width of the walkways on both sides of the belt conveyor corridor shall be not less than 0.8 m respectively, and not less than 1 m on the lower side (if there is a walkway on only one side, it shall be not less than 1.3 m). No access holes or pipelines such as steam pipes and water pipes that may hinder walking shall be installed on the walkways. 11.4.3 A bridge spanning the belt should be installed every 30~50 meters along the direction of the belt. 11.4.4 The distance between the conveyor belt under the coal blending tray and the column of the coal blending hopper shall be no less than 1 m on the side where the worker operates the tray. 11.4.5 The walkways in belt conveyors with a slope of more than 6° shall be equipped with anti-slip strips or anti-slip steps and handrails. An exit should be provided at the point where the underground passage emerges above ground, with a small room located at that exit. 11.4.6 Flammable materials shall not be used as building materials for belt corridors. 11.4.7 Belt conveyors shall be equipped with the following devices: a. Detectors for belt slippage, misalignment, chute blockages, belt load, and belt longitudinal cracking ； b. Automatic deviation correction device and automatic cleaning device ； c Anti-reverse device for belts with a slope ； .d.. Emergency pull-cord shutdown device.