What are the characteristics of the internal components in multi-layer insulated quench-type synthesis towers?

The internal components of a multi-layer insulated quench-type synthesis tower divide the entire catalyst bed into several sections, with quenching elements installed between these sections. Interlayer quenching is carried out using cold syngas that has not been preheated prior to the reaction, in order to reduce the temperature of the reaction gases and bring the operating temperature of each bed close to the optimal value. This type of internal component has the following advantages: ① It has a simple structure; apart from the distributor for mixing hot and cold gases, there are no other components within the catalyst layer. Therefore, it operates reliably and is easy to manufacture, install, and maintain. ②The catalyst loading is high. ③The airflow and temperature distribution are uniform in the same plane, making it convenient to adjust the cold air. ④The internal component resistance is low.

The current trend in the development of ammonia synthesis towers is toward multi-layer, axially or fully radial reactors with indirect heat exchange, which feature high ammonia yield, low tower pressure drop, and lower overall energy consumption.