Artificial sweeteners

Sweeteners include natural sweeteners such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, maltitol, and disodium glycyrrhizate, as well as synthetically produced sweeteners like saccharin. Artificial sweeteners mainly refer to certain chemical substances that have a sweet taste but are not sugars. Their sweetness is generally 10 to several hundred times higher than that of sucrose. It has no nutritional value. There are many types of artificial sweeteners, and saccharin is the most widely used one in our country at present. Due to the low solubility of saccharin in water, its sodium salt is currently used more frequently. The sweetness of saccharin is about 300 to 500 times that of sucrose; it cannot be used in large amounts, otherwise it will impart a strong bitter taste. Our country stipulates that the amount of sodium saccharin allowed in foods must not exceed 0.15 grams per kilogram. In recent years, China has developed some new sweeteners; stevioside is one of those that have been included in the standards for the use of additives, and it can be added according to normal production requirements ； It is allowed to be used in beverages, candies, and pastries. Aspartame is an amino acid-based sweetener, also known as protein sugar or acesulfame, which can be used in sodas and milk-based beverages. The safety of saccharin: Since the 1970s, the notion has taken hold that saccharin is unsafe and may have carcinogenic properties. In 1977, because animal tests indicated that saccharin might cause bladder cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, and other organ disorders, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration attempted to ban the use of this sweetener. But food unions intervened and persuaded the U.S. Congress to continue allowing the use of saccharin, provided that warning labels were placed on it when it entered the market, stating: Using this product may harm your health. This product contains saccharin, which has been proven to be carcinogenic in animal tests. By the late 1990s, the Calorie Control Council argued that the main health hazard of saccharin was causing bladder cancer in male rats—not humans. They stated that further research has shown that male mice inherently possess a substance that makes them prone to bladder cancer. Later, the American Health Association removed saccharin from the list of carcinogenic foods. According to research by the **American Cancer Institute, there is no scientific evidence to prove that artificial sweeteners approved for use in the United States can cause cancer.

This post was last edited by zbx on 2010-6-10 at 10:17. It’s trendy now to go sweet – with no side effects

This post was last edited by zbx on 2010-6-10 at 10:18. 3# Could you explain what substance sugar is? Please provide a detailed description!

Artificial sweeteners cannot be listed on food and beverage labels; the specific name of the sweetener must be indicated, and its usage amount must comply with the requirements set out in GB2760. If these regulations are not followed, a tenfold compensation claim can be made

The chemical name of Neotame is: N--L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester. 　　Other names: Neotame, Nutramine, Neotame. Molecular formula: C20H30N2O5. Appearance: White crystalline powder containing about 4.5% crystalline water. Melting point: 80.9–83.4°C. Specific optical rotation: -39.8°. 　　Solubility: The solubility of neotame in water at room temperature (25°C) is 12.6 grams per liter, a level that fully meets the requirements of normal production processes. Introduction: Neotame has a sweetness similar to that of aspartame, with no bitterness or other aftertastes. Its sweetness level is 8,000–10,000 times that of sucrose; that is, it has a sweetness of 8,000 times at a concentration of 5%, and up to 10,000 times at a concentration of 2%. According to Announcement No. 4 of 2003 issued by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China, neotame may be used in various food and beverage products, with the amount used being determined according to the requirements of production. For general beverages, it is 8-17 mg/L, while for foods, it is 10-35 mg/Kg. 　　As a functional sweetener, neotame has no adverse effects on human health and instead exerts beneficial regulatory or promoting effects. As early as December 1998, an application was submitted in the United States for sucralose to be used as a food sweetener at low temperatures. It was approved by the U.S. FDA for use in all foods and beverages on July 9, 2002, following food additive evaluation. The EU officially approved its use on January 12, 2010, with the designated code being E961. Announcement No. 4 of 2003 issued by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China also officially approved Letian as a new type of food additive, suitable for use in the production of various foods. Features: Pure and sweet taste, fresh and natural; similar to aspartame, but with higher stability ； 　　It has a high sweetness level, about 8,000 times that of sugar, and its cost per unit of sweetness is lower than that of Aspartame ； 　　The nutrients it contains are easily absorbed by the human body ； 　　Low in energy or energy-free, suitable for diabetics, does not cause tooth decay, and promotes the growth of Bifidobacteria, etc ； 　　It does not cause tooth decay or blood sugar fluctuations, making it the ideal sweetener for health-oriented foods. 　　Under acidic conditions, neotame has roughly the same stability as aspartame. Under conditions such as a neutral pH range or brief periods of high temperature, neotame is much more stable than aspartame, which **expands its areas of application, such as in baked goods. 　 　　Under normal storage conditions, neotame exhibits excellent stability in its dry powder form, but its stability in aqueous solutions is somewhat limited. This stability is affected by factors such as temperature, pH level, and time; as a result, its sweetness decreases to some extent. At room temperature (25°C), its stability in aqueous solutions is roughly as follows: at pH 3.0, the half-life is 78 days ； At PH4.0, the half-life is 156 days ； At pH 4.5, the half-life is 208 days ； At pH 5.0, the half-life is 150 days ； At pH 5.5, the half-life is 112 days. The optimal pH value is 4.5. Given this, the use of neotame, when combined with sucrose or other sweeteners, can improve its stability. Stability 　　Le Tian maintains excellent stability in its dry powder form, within the powdered finished product. Under humid conditions, the stability of Letian is related to pH value, temperature, and time. Lectin is suitable for batch production, high-temperature short-time (HTST) sterilization, and aseptic processing, with almost no change in the concentration of Lectin in the final product. Flavor extension and enhancement agents: In specific applications and flavor systems, Letian can significantly extend and enhance the taste and aroma of products. In practical use, Le Tian requires that the fragrance profile and the amount or type of acidulants in the product be adjusted, due to its corrective effects and certain flavor characteristics. In powdered beverages, adding Aspartame can reduce the amount of citric acid used by at least 20%, without affecting the acidity of the product. Safety and Metabolism Numerous studies have shown that Lektin is suitable for all populations, including children, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and people with diabetes. No special instructions are needed for patients with phenylketonuria when using Letian. Letian is rapidly metabolized in the body. The main metabolic pathway involves the hydrolysis of the methyl ester by enzymes produced in the human body, ultimately resulting in thaumatin and methanol. Compared to ordinary foods such as fruit, vegetables, and vegetable juices, the amount of methanol produced by Letian is minimal. For example, the methanol content in tomato juice is 200 times higher than that in aspartame-containing beverages. Letian can be completely eliminated from the body through urine and feces, and it does not accumulate in the human body. Quality standards: 1. Purity: 97.0–102.0% 2. Free dipeptide acids: ≤1.5% 3. Other related substances: ≤2.0% 4. Lead: ≤2.0 mg/Kg 5. Moisture: ≤5% 6. Residue on ignition: ≤0.2% 7. Specific optical rotation: -40.0° to +43.4°