Chlor-alkali Baume degree – data is provided at regular intervals; let’s earn some money together, everyone’s help is appreciated, thank you

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This post was last edited by sunjl1981 on 2013-1-6 20:08. Baumé      also known as Baumé degree. Denoted by the symbol Be. A unit used in the chemical industry to indicate solution concentration. Baume degree is named after the French chemist Antoine Baume. Poumaire was a pharmacy apprentice and once served as a professor at the Paris School of Pharmacy. He invented the liquid hydrometer – the Baume hydrometer. 　Baume degree (°Bé) is a method for indicating solution concentration. By immersing the Baume hydrometer in the solution being measured, the value obtained is called the Baume degree. 　　　　There are two types of Baumé hydrometers: one is called a gravity meter, which is used to measure liquids that are denser than water ； Another type is called a light meter, which is used to measure liquids that are lighter than water. Once the specific gravity is measured, the mass percentage concentration of the solution can be easily found in the reference tables of the corresponding chemical handbook. For example, at 15°C, the specific gravity of concentrated sulfuric acid is 66°Bé, and according to tables, its mass percentage concentration is 98%. 　　Since the Baumé value is high and easy to read, it is commonly used in production to indicate the concentration of solutions (solutions of a certain concentration all have a specific density or specific gravity). 　The method for determining the Baumé degree of different solutions is similar; it involves measuring the specific gravity, and then using a table to convert this value into a concentration. Today, there are specialized Baumé scales for different types of solutions, such as those for alcohol and saline. These scales indicate the concentration of the corresponding type of solution at the specific Baumé degree, allowing for direct reading without the need to consult a table. 　　Conversion method between Baumé degree and specific gravity: Baumé degree = 144.3 – (144.3/specific gravity); Specific gravity = 144.3 / (144.3 – Baumé degree). For substances lighter than water, specific gravity = 144.3 / (144.3 + Baumé degree). Generally, for every 1-degree change in temperature, the Baumé reading changes by 0.054 degrees. When the temperature is higher than the standard, add; if it is lower, subtract. The procedure involves pouring the sample into a 250 mL measuring cylinder and placing it horizontally on a table. Gently place the Baume scale in the sample at a position slightly below the equilibrium point. Once it floats to an equilibrium position, remaining horizontal and stable, ensure that there are no bubbles on the liquid surface and that the Baume tube does not touch the glass wall. Then, keep the line of sight level with the liquid surface and observe, reading the scale value at the lowest point of the lower edge of the meniscus where it contacts the liquid surface. The measurement of specific gravity (°Be’) is related to temperature; therefore, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the solution as well, and finally convert the specific gravity to values corresponding to a standard temperature of 20°C. When the temperature is above 20°C, the reading should be increased by a correction value; when it is below 20°C, the correction value should be subtracted. Sodium chloride Baume temperature scale: Temperature, Concentration, Density, Baume temperature, Concentration, Density, Baume – 5310: 1.2071, 24.7635; 3101.1889: 22.93; 10310: 1.2054, 24.59; 318: 1.1920, 22.64; 316: 1.2085, 24.9040; 3101.1861: 22.64; 20310: 1.1912, 23.77; 318: 1.1892, 22.96; 318: 1.2003, 24.0845; 3101.1833: 22.35; 25310: 1.1944, 23.49; 318: 1.1864, 22.67; 318: 1.1975, 23.8050; 3101.1805: 22.06; 30310: 1.1917, 23.21; 318: 1.1835, 22.37; 318: 1.1948, 23.5355; 3101.1776: 21.76; 318: 1.1806, 22.07. Hydrochloric acid Baume temperature table: 10: 19.8523, 19.1536, 18.43; 11: 19.8024, 19.0937, 18.37; 12: 19.7425, 19.0338, 18.31; 13: 19.6926, 18.9839, 18.26; 14: 19.6327, 18.9240, 18.21; 15: 19.5828, 18.8741, 18.15; 16: 19.5329, 18.8142, 18.09; 17: 19.4730, 18.2543, 18.04; 18: 19.4131, 18.7044, 18.00; 19: 19.3632, 18.6545, 17.93; 20: 19.3033, 18.5946, 17.87; 21: 19.2534, 18.5447, 17.81; 22: 19.2035, 18.4848, 17.86. In actual production, for example during the preparation of saturated salt water, substances such as sodium sulfate may be present, which causes changes in the Baume degree. Therefore, the old Baume tables cannot be used; the Baume degree needs to be increased accordingly to meet the original standards. Otherwise, the product quality produced by the operator following standard procedures will be substandard. Densities of several common substances in chlor-alkali production, in g/l: 30% hydrochloric acid, 30% caustic soda (with salts), sodium chloride – 315 g/l; liquid chlorine (at 0 degrees), 10% sodium hypochlorite, 98% sulfuric acid – 1.15, 1.36, 1.185, 1.468, 1.18, 1.84. Note:♀ ) # ♀ , 。