AutoCAD drawing tips – engineering students really should learn these well!

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1. How to replace a missing original font? 　　Replace the font to be replaced with the name of the font that will take its place. For example, if you open an image and are told that the font ‘jd’ cannot be found, and you want to replace it with ‘hztxt.shx’, then you can go to AutoCAD’s font folder (font), copy ‘hztxt.shx’ from there, rename it to ‘jd.shx’, and then place ‘jd.shx’ in the font folder. After that, you can open the image again. In the future, if the image you open contains fonts like JD that are not available on your computer, you won’t have to keep searching for fonts to replace them. 　　 2. How to delete stubborn layers? 　　Method 1: Turn off the unnecessary layers, select everything, COPY and paste it into a new file; those unnecessary layers will not be included in the paste. If a block was once defined in this unnecessary layer and then inserted into another layer, this unnecessary layer cannot be deleted using this method. 　　 Method 2: Select the graphics you want to keep, then choose File menu -> Export -> Block File. The resulting block file will contain the selected graphics; if there are no specific layers among these graphics, those layers will not be saved in the new block file. 　　 Method 3: Open a CAD file, first close the layers that you want to delete, leaving only the visible graphics you need on the screen. Click on File – Save As, enter a filename, select *.DXF as the file type. In the dialog box that appears, click on Tools – Options – DXF Options, check the box next to \"Select objects\", then click OK. After that, click Save to choose which objects to save; select the visible or desired graphics and confirm the save. Once done, exit the file that has just been saved, then open it again – you will find that the layers you didn’t want are no longer there. 　　 Method 4: Use the laytrans command to map the layer to be deleted to layer 0; this method can be used to delete layers that contain solid objects or are defined within other blocks. 　 3. What should I do if an abnormal error occurs when trying to open an old image, causing the process to terminate? 　　 Create a new graphic file and insert the old image as a block. 4. Methods for inserting EXCEL tables in AUTOCAD. 　　 Copy the content from EXCEL, then in CAD go to EDIT -- PASTE SPECIAL -- AutoCAD Entities -- OK -- select the insertion point -- and explode it after insertion. 　 5. Methods for inserting AutoCAD graphics into a Word document. 　 　You can first copy the AutoCAD drawing to the clipboard and then paste it into a Word document. It should be noted that since the default background color in AutoCAD is black while it is white in Word, the background color of the AutoCAD drawing must first be changed to white (Tools-Options-Display-Colors). Additionally, when AutoCAD drawings are inserted into Word documents, the empty margins are often too large, resulting in an unsatisfactory appearance. This issue can be resolved by using the crop function on Word’s picture toolbar. 　　 6. When inserting drawings from AutoCAD into WORD, sometimes circles turn into regular polygons – what should be done? 　 　 Use the VIEWRES command to set it to a larger value, which can change the graphic quality. 　　 7. The line width issue when inserting drawings from AutoCAD into WORD. 　 　 When a fine line is needed, use a line width of 0.25 or less ； When a thicker line is needed, set the line width to more than 0.25 (lines with a width greater than 0.25 will have a printed width of more than 0.5 mm in Word). Note: Line width display must be activated in CAD. If the image was edited by double-clicking it in Word, please check and activate line width again. When the desired line width is between 0.25 and 0.5, use a polyline to set the width. 　　 8. What to do about fatal errors when printing with AutoCAD on the XP operating system? 　 　This is related to the use of print stamps in AutoCAD 2002 and later versions. In version 2000, the additional print stamp* had many bugs, and this feature was integrated directly as an AutoCAD function starting from version 2002. This function works perfectly in the 98 operating system, but it causes errors in some XP systems. Therefore, it is best not to enable this feature in the XP system. If you have unfortunately enabled this feature and it has caused a fatal error in AutoCAD during printing, the only solution is to locate the AcPltStamp.arx file in AutoCAD’s root directory, rename it or delete it; this will prevent errors when printing, but the printing stamp feature will no longer be available. This method works for both the 2002 and 2004 versions of AutoCAD. 　　 9. What is the reason for errors occurring when moving text in AutoCAD 2002? 　 　When moving text, be careful not to have it cross text elements such as dimension lines, otherwise CAD will encounter a fatal error; disable ortho mode to bypass these objects. 　 10. When opening a DWG file, the system displays an “AutoCADMessage” dialog box stating “Drawing file is not valid”, informing the user what to do since the file cannot be opened 　　 In this case, you can first exit the open operation, then open the “File” menu and select the “DrawingUtilities/Recover” command; or type “recover” directly in the command line using the keyboard. After that, enter the file that needs to be recovered in the “Select File” dialog box, and once confirmed, the system will begin the process of recovering the file. 　　 11. Use Word97 to edit text in the mtext command. 　 　The Mtext multi-line text editor is a new feature in AutoCAD R14; it offers an interface and operation style similar to those of Windows word processing software. It can even utilize the powerful functions of Word 97 for text editing. This can be achieved by opening the “Tools” menu and selecting the “Preferences” command. Once the “Preferences” dialog box appears, go to “Files/TextEditor, Dictionary, and FontFileName/TextEditorApplication/Internal”. Double-click on “Internal”, and the “Select a File” dialog box will appear. Then locate the “Winword.exe” application file, click the “Open” button, and finally click “OK” to return. After completing the above settings, whenever the user uses the mtext command, the system will automatically invoke the familiar Word97 application to enhance the text in AutoCAD. 12. Method of importing AutoCAD drawings into Photoshop. 　　 This is a very old problem, and the solution is “virtual printing”! Let’s go through it step by step (for your convenience, a Chinese-English comparison is provided, with the English version in parentheses): 1) Open “Plotter Manager” under the “File” menu. 　　2) Run the “Printer Add Wizard (Add-A-Plotter Wizard).” 　　3) Click “Next”, select “My Computer” from the options on the right, then click “Next” again to enter the “Plotter Model” selection page. 　　4) In the section \"Manufacturers\" on the left, select \"Raster File Formats\". This will show, in the section \"Model\" on the right, a list of various graphic formats that we are familiar with. I am accustomed to using the JPG format, so I choose \"Independent JPEG Group JFIF\", then click \"Next\" until the process is completed. This way, we will be able to export CAD drawings in JPG format in the future. Next, let’s take a look at how to use it. 　 　5) After creating a drawing using CAD, we open “Print (Plotter...)” under the “File” menu. In the print dialog box, select \"Independent JPEG Group JFIF\", which is the printer type we just installed, and enter the name and path of the file to be created in the field labeled \"Print to file\". This file will be a graphic that can be edited in Photoshop. In the page settings, select the size we need; the rest is the same as using a real printer. After clicking Print, wait a few seconds and the graphic will be generated. 　　Note: The default page size of the system is only 1280*1600, and this size does not meet our requirements. We can customize the size we need in the printer’s properties. 　　Enjoy! Additional note: If CAD is version 2004 or higher, there’s no need to install a printer manually; there’s a printer named “PublishToWeb JPG.pc3” available in the printing devices, which can be used directly. 6) As an additional tip from Teacher Zeng, if you want to export a image with only black lines, make sure to change all pen colors to color number 7 at the same time as exporting the image. This will allow you to get an image that consists solely of black lines. Also, remember to switch the mode in PS to RGB, as this will result in a clearer image. 　　 13. After modifying the ACAD.PGP file, there is no need to restart AUTOCAD; here is a way to load the newly modified ACAD.PGP file immediately. 　　Type the REINIT command, check PGP, and then click OK. 　　 14. Restoring graphics from backup files First, you need to show the file extensions (open My Computer, go to Tools--Folder Options--View, and uncheck the box next to \"Show hidden extensions for known file types\") ； Secondly, all files need to be displayed (open My Computer, go to Tools--Folder Options--View--Hidden files and folders, and select to show all files and folders) ； Find the backup file again (its location can be found under Tools Options Files Temporary drawing file location), and rename it in .DWG format ； After that, it can be opened using the method for opening other CAD files. 　　 15. Method to resolve the issue of AutoCAD 2005 not being able to be registered: Remove the hidden attribute from files and folders. Delete C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Autodesk\Software Licenses\B2260000.dat. 16. Modification of the acad.pgp file: On XP, go to c:\\Documents and Settings\your_username\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2004\R16.0\chs\Support\acad.pgp and make the necessary modifications there. 　　98: Go to C:\Windows\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2004\R16.0\chs\Support\acad.pgp. 17. What should I do if the toolbars in AUTOCAD are missing? 　　Point Tool -- Options -- Configuration -- Reset ； You can also use the MENULOAD command, then click Browse and select ACAD.MNC to load it. 　　 18. How to close *BAK files in CAD? 　　1) Tools--Options, select the \"Open and Save\" tab, and then in the dialog box uncheck the checkbox next to \"CREATE BACKUP COPY WITH EACH SAVES\". 　　2) The ISAVEBAK command can also be used to set the system variable ISAVEBAK to 0; when this system variable is set to 1, a “*BAK” backup file is created every time something is saved. 　 19. How to adjust the box showing coordinates in the lower left corner of the drawing area in AUTOCAD? 　　Press F6 to switch. Or change the system variable COORDS to 1 or 2. When the system variable is 0, it means that the coordinate display is updated when a point is specified using a pointing device. When the system variable is set to 1, it means the coordinate display is updated continuously. When the system variable is set to 2, the coordinate display is updated continuously; when distance and angle are required, the distance and angle to the previous point are displayed. 　　 20. What should I do if there is no dashed box displayed when drawing? 　　Modify the system variable DRAGMODE; it is recommended to set it to AUTO. When the system variable is set to ON, after selecting the object to be dragged, the outline of the object is displayed only when DRAG is entered in the command line during dragging ； When the system variable is set to OFF, the object’s outline is not displayed when dragging ； When the system variable is set to AUTO, the object’s outline is always displayed when dragging. 　　From the “File” menu, select the “DrawingUtilities/Recover” command, or type “recover” directly in the command line using the keyboard. Then, enter the file that is to be recovered in the “Select File” dialog box; once confirmed, the system will begin the process of recovering the file. 　　 21. What should be done if the dashed box that appears when dragging the mouse to select an object turns into a solid box, and two intersecting points remain after selection? 　　Simply change the system variable BLIPMODE to OFF. 　　 22. What should I do if the dialog box in the command turns into the command prompt? 　　Change the system variable of CMDDIA to 1. When the system variable is 0, it is the command line ； When the system variable is 1, it is a dialog box. 23. How to add commands and corresponding icons to the AutoCAD toolbar? 　　Taking CAD 2004 as an example, the CAD toolbar does not display all available commands; users must add them themselves when needed. For example, if the multi-line command (mline) is not available by default in the drawing toolbar, it must be added manually. The procedure is as follows: View -> Toolbar -> Command tab; select the option to display relevant commands in the window on the right side of the drawing area. Then find “Polyline”, click left on it to select it. If it is not placed in any existing toolbar, it will appear as a separate toolbar ； Otherwise, it becomes part of the existing toolbar. At this point, it was discovered that the newly brought-up “Multi-Line” command had no icon! We need to add an icon for him. Here’s how to do it: After dragging out the command, do not close the custom window. Click on the “Multi-line” command, and in the lower right corner of the panel that appears, select the appropriate icon for it! At this point, we can also see that CAD allows us to customize icons for each command. This makes it easy to create a personalized toolbar! After that, to delete a command, repeat the above steps: drag the command you want to delete back, and then select “Yes” in the confirmation prompt. 　　 24. How to modify CAD shortcut keys? 　　For CAD 2002 and earlier, simply modify the ACAD.PGP file in its SUPPORT directory. 　　CAD2004 is located at Tools - Customize - Edit Custom File - Program Parameters (ACAD.PGP). 　　 25. What should be done if, in AutoCAD, intersection points appear at the location where the mouse is clicked? 　　Use the BLIPMODE command and enter OFF at the prompt line to eliminate it. 　　 26. How to control whether command-line echoing occurs? 　　Change the CMDECHO system variable to 0 or 1. 　　 27. What is a quick way to find system variables? 　　It can be difficult to remember as many as two or three hundred variables, but you can use the following methods to find out which variable is faulty. For ease of description, name the file with issues File 1, and create a new file named File 2 (it’s better to create one new file, as this way all variables will have default values; you can also use a file that is not problematic). Run SETVAR in each of these two files, and then select ? List the variables, copy them to Excel, and compare which ones are different; this can **reduce the time required to query the variables**. For example: Suppose in a graph the variable ANGBASE is set to 90; then, if text is generated using a program, all characters in that text will be rotated by 90 degrees. Use the setvar command to list the variables, then copy and paste all of them into Column B of an Excel file. Create a new file, then use the setvar command to list the variables. Copy all of these variables and paste them into Column A of an Excel file. Enter “=IF(A1=B1,0,1)” in cell C1 of that Excel file; drag down the cell to calculate the values for all rows. After that, sort Column C in descending order. In this way, the variables with different values will be concentrated in the first few columns, and by analyzing these variables, it will be easy to determine that there is an issue with the settings of the ANGBASE variable. 28. The problem of block files not being able to be expanded or of certain other common commands not working. 　　This is caused by a Lisp program that spreads widely over local networks, rendering several commonly used commands unavailable; only XP commands can be used. There are two ways to solve this issue. One is to delete the acad.lsp and acadapp.lsp files; both files should be 3K in size. Then, copy acadr14.lsp twice and name them with those two file names, setting them as read-only – this will prevent the problem. You need to delete all lsp files in the directory where your DWG file is located. Otherwise, you will infect others. Second, there is software designed specifically to eliminate this virus. 　　 29. How to switch between Chinese and English menus? 　　In AutoCAD, it is possible to save both Chinese and English menu systems simultaneously, allowing for easy switching between them. The specific procedure is to rename the localized menu file to Pacad.mnu and place it in the \\SUPPORT subdirectory within the AutoCAD installation directory; of course, don’t forget to copy acad.mnl to Pacad.mnl and put it in the same directory as Pacad.mnu. When using the Chinese menu, use the menu command to load Pacad ； When switching back to the English menu, use the menu command again to load the acad menu file. 　　 30. How to set a password for an AutoCAD 2004 drawing? 　　Tools - Options - Open and Save buttons - Security options; set a password there. If you want to remove the password, just delete it in this section. 　　 31. Keep the dimension marks at a certain distance from the diagram when adding them. Execute the DIMEXO command and then enter a number to adjust the distance. 　　 32. How to change all the annotation text in STANDARD style in the figure to SIMPLEX style? 　　A line can be added in ACAD.LSP: (vl-cmdf ".style" "standadn" "simplex.shx"). 　　 33. How to highlight overlapping lines? 　　You can use the Tool--Display Order function. 34. How to quickly switch layers? 　　Select any element in the layer you want to transform, then click \"Make the object’s layer current\" on the layer toolbar. 　　 35. When adding text annotations, the method for using superscripts and subscripts: Use the multi-line text editing command: For superscripts, enter 2^, select 2^, and then press the a/b key. 　　Subscript: Enter ^2, select ^2, then press the a/b key. 　　Subscripts and superscripts: Enter 2^2, select 2^2, then press the a/b key. 　　 36. How to use special symbols? 　　Open the multi-line text editor – right-click inside the rectangular box for entering text – select Symbols – Other to open the character mapping table – and then choose the symbol. Note that the content of the character mapping table depends on the font selected by the user from the \"Font\" dropdown list. 　　 37. How to use the break command to interrupt an object at a point? 　　Execute the break command; when prompted to enter the second point, you can type @ and press Enter, thereby interrupting the selection at the first point. 　　 38. How to remove a selected element accidentally when using editing commands? 　　While the command is still active, hold down the Shift key to select multiple elements – it’s very convenient. 　　 39, "!" "Use of keys. 　　Suppose there is a line of known length on the screen (it can be a single line or a polyline; an unknown length is also possible), and it makes an angle with the horizontal direction. The goal is to shorten this line by a certain amount while keeping its direction unchanged. The procedure is as follows: Select the line so that its endpoints become visible, move the cursor to one of the ends that needs to be shortened and activate that endpoint, thereby turning the line into an adjustable elastic-like line. Move the cursor in the direction of the line until the elastic line overlaps with the original line segment; there is no limit on the distance of movement. If someone thinks that the movement direction should not be the same as before, they can use the auxiliary point capture command. Enter “Capture nearest point” (i.e., the “near” command), and then after the prompt “Near to”, enter “!XX” (where XX is the specific value) and press Enter – this will change the length of the line. It’s very convenient! ! ! 　　 40. Tips for printing graphics. 　　Since no printer is installed, or if one wants to use someone else’s high-quality printer to print AutoCAD drawings, it is necessary to go to another computer to do so. However, that other computer might not have AutoCAD installed as well, or for various reasons (such as improper font display of the AutoCAD drawings on that computer, or issues with network printing), it may not be possible to print using that computer. In such cases, it is possible to first print the AutoCAD drawings as a file on one’s own computer, creating a printer file. Then, that printer file can be sent to the printer on another computer using DOS’s copy command: copy <printer file> prn /b. It should be noted that in order to use this function, it is necessary to first add the specific model of printer from the other computer to the system and set it as the default printer. Also, remember to include /b at the end of the command to indicate that the printer file should be sent to the printer in binary format. 　　 41. Quality attribute query. 　　AutoCAD provides functions for querying point coordinates (ID), distance, and area, which greatly facilitates the analysis of graphics. However, in practical work, it is sometimes necessary to determine the mass-related properties of entities. AutoCAD offers the option to query mass properties, allowing for easy determination of an entity’s moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, and center of mass. It should be noted that for closed areas created using curves or polylines, it is necessary to first use the Region command to convert those areas into solid regions before performing mass property queries in order to obtain information such as the moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, and center of mass. 42. How is the area of a 2D graphic calculated? 　　1) For simple shapes, such as rectangles and triangles. Simply execute the AREA command (which can be entered via the command line or by clicking the corresponding command icon). After the prompt \"Specify first corner point or :\\" appears, turn on snap mode and select the intersection points of the rectangle or triangle one by one, then press Enter. AutoCAD will automatically calculate the area and perimeter, and display the results on the command line. 　　2) For simple shapes, such as circles or other two-dimensional closed shapes composed of polylines or splines. Execute the AREA command; after the prompt \"Specify first corner point or :\\", select the Object option, and choose the shape for which you want to calculate the values. AutoCAD will then automatically calculate the area and perimeter. 　　3) For complex closed shapes composed of simple straight lines and arcs, the AREA command cannot be used directly to calculate the area of the shape. First, use the REGION command to create the shape for which you want to calculate the area as a region, and then execute the AREA command. After the prompt \"Specify first corner point or :\" appears, select the Object option and choose the region that was just created; AutoCAD will then automatically calculate the area and perimeter. 　　　　 43. How to set the line width? 　　There are many ways to change the line width of AutoCAD objects. Yun’s common approach is to use the color of the entities on the graphical screen to obtain different line widths for the output lines. In other words, when drawing, different types of shapes are colored differently according to one’s needs. Then set different line widths and colors for the printed output. The method is as follows: Click the “File” menu and select “Print”, or press “Ctrl+P”; a dialog box titled “Print/Plot Configuration” will then appear. In \"Pen Parameters\", click \"Pen Assignment\". The “Pen Assignment” dialog box appears, where you can specify the pen number for each color code and choose an appropriate pen width. First, let me explain to you how the pen width is determined. The pen width is primarily determined by the resolution of the printing device and the distance between the print dots, as given by the formula /. AutoCAD will use these standard values to replace the values we enter arbitrarily. 　　Below are the minimum pen widths for several common printers: the HP Laserjet III printer series uses 1/300, the Canon BubbleJet inkjet printer series uses 1/360, the HP LaserJet IV printer series uses 1/600, and the new Canon BubbleJet inkjet printers use 1/720. Understanding this, we can then enter the desired line width value in the “Pen Assignment” dialog box. For example, color number one is denoted as “1/300”, color number two as “2/300”, and so on. The system will automatically calculate similar small values. 44. Regarding the issue of line width. 　　LineWeight represents an absolute line width, whereas the width of a polyline is relative. In other words, the LineWeight remains unchanged regardless of the size at which the graphic is printed, while the width of a polyline changes depending on the printing scale. No matter how much a solid is scaled, its LineWeight stays the same, but the width of the polyline changes with the scaling factor. 45. The clever use of keys in AutoCAD’s snap function. 　　When it is necessary to capture a point on an object, simply bring the mouse close to that object, and keep pressing the TAb key. Then, certain specific points on that object (such as the endpoints of lines, midpoint, perpendicular points, intersection points with the object, the points at the quarters of a circle, the center point, tangent points, perpendicular points, and intersection points) will be displayed in sequence. Click with the left button on the desired point to capture it. Note that when the mouse is brought near the intersection point of two objects, their special points will be displayed in turn (the object to which they belong will turn into a dashed line), which is very useful for locating points in areas where the geometry is relatively complex. 　　 46. Is the ellipse generated by the ellipse command a polyline or a solid? 　　It is determined by the system variable PELLIPSE; when it is 1, the ellipse generated is a multiline. 　　 47. Some common shortcut keys. 　　F1: Get help. F2: Switch between the drawing window and the text window. F3: Control whether automatic object capture is enabled. F4: Controller for the digitizer. F5: Switch between isometric planes. F6: Control the way coordinates are displayed on the status bar. F7: Control the grid display mode. F8: Control the orthographic mode. F9: Control the grid capture mode. F10: Control the polar tracking mode. F11: Object tracking control. Ctrl+B: Control the grid capture mode (F9). Ctrl+C: Copy the selected objects to the clipboard. Ctrl+F: Control whether automatic object capture is enabled (F3). Ctrl+G: Control the grid display mode (F7). Ctrl+J: Repeat the last command. Ctrl+K: Create a hyperlink. Ctrl+N: Create a new graphic file. Ctrl+M: Open the options dialog box. Ctrl+1: Open the properties dialog box. Ctrl+2: Open the image resource manager. Ctrl+6: Open the image data editor. Ctrl+: Open an image file. Ctrl+P: Open the print dialog box. Ctrl+S: Save the file. Ctrl+U: Control the polar tracking mode (F10). Ctrl+V: Paste the content from the clipboard. Ctrl+W: Object tracking control (F11). Ctrl+X: Cut the selected content. Ctrl+Y: Redo. Ctrl+Z: Undo the previous action. 48. Model space and paper space. 　　AutoCAD has two different spaces: Model Space and Paper Space (using the LAYOUT tab). 　　Features of viewports in model space: (1) In model space, it is possible to draw two-dimensional graphics and three-dimensional models at full scale, along with dimension labels. (2) In model space, each viewport contains a view of an object. For example: setting different viewports will yield top views, front views, side views, and 3D views, etc. (3) Use the VPORTS command to create viewports and set their parameters, which can be saved for later use. (4) Viewports are tiled; they cannot overlap and are always adjacent to each other. (5) At any given moment, only one viewport is active; the crosshair can appear in only one viewport, and only that active viewport can be edited (translated, scaled, etc.). (6) Only active viewports can be printed ； If the UCS icon is set to ON, it will appear in each viewport. (7) The system variable MAXACTVP determines that the viewport range is from 2 to 64. 　　Features of viewports in paper space: (1) PAPER replaces MODEL on the status bar. (2) The VPORTS, PS, MS, and VPLAYER commands are active. (The PLAN, VPOINT, and DVIEW commands can be used only after the MS command is activated.) (3) The boundaries of the viewport are entities. You can delete, move, scale, and stretch the viewport. (4) There are no restrictions on the shape of the viewport. For example: circular viewports, polygonal viewports, etc., can be created. (5) Viewports are not tiled; they can be overlapped or separated using various methods. (6) Each viewport is on the layer that created it; the viewport boundaries have the same color as the layer, but the boundary style is always a solid line. When exporting the image, if you do not want to include the viewport in the print, you can place it on a separate layer and freeze it. (7) Multiple viewports can be printed simultaneously. (8) The crosshair can extend continuously, passing through the entire graphics screen, independent of each viewport. (9) Viewports can be opened or closed using the MVIEW command; the SOLVIEW command is used to create viewports, while the VPORTS command is used to restore viewports saved in model space. By default, viewports are active once they are created. Closing some viewports can increase the redrawing speed. (10) When printing a graphic and it is necessary to hide the hidden lines of the 3D graphic, you can use the MVIEW command > HIDEPLOT to select the viewport boundaries that are to be hidden. (11) The system variable MAXACTVP determines that the number of viewports in active mode is 64. Through the explanations above, I believe everyone now has a clear understanding of these two spaces. However, keep in mind that when we first enter the drawing space, we cannot see any viewports; we must use the VPORTS or MVIEW commands to create new viewports or restore the existing viewport settings (which are usually saved in model space). The MS and PS commands can be used to switch back and forth between model space and LAYOUT (paper space). 　　 49. How to draw curves? 　　When drawing patterns, it is common to encounter problems involving the drawing of intersection lines, intersection curves, and other types of curves. Manual drawing is troublesome; it requires finding special points and a certain number of ordinary points, and the curves drawn have large errors. It is easy to draw planar curves or spatial curves using AutoCAD 2000. ---- Method 1: Use the Pline command to draw a polyline on a 2D graphic that passes through specific points; by fitting it with a Fit or Spline curve using the Pedit command, it can be transformed into a smooth planar curve. Using the 3Dpoly command to draw polyline lines on a 3D shape that pass through specific points, and then fitting them with spline curves via the Pedit command, can result in smooth spatial curves. ---- Method 2: Use the Solids command to create basic 3D solids (cubes, cylinders, cones, spheres, etc.), and then apply Boolean combination operations such as intersection, union, difference, and interference to obtain various complex solids. After that, use the View/3D Viewpoint dropdown menu to select different viewpoints in order to generate standard views and obtain various projections of the curve. 　　 50. What scale is best for drawing in AutoCAD? 　　It’s convenient to draw at a 1:1 ratio for Yun; the output ratio can be adjusted as desired. Drawing scale and output scale are two different concepts. When exporting, if \"1 unit of output = 500 units in drawing\", it means the output is done at a scale of 1/500; whereas if \"10 units of output = 1 unit in drawing\", it means the output is enlarged by a factor of 10. There are many advantages to drawing at a 1:1 ratio. First, errors are easy to detect, as drawings are made to actual sizes, making it simple to identify any unreasonable dimension settings. Secondly, marking dimensions is very convenient; the software measures the values itself, and if a mistake is made in drawing, it can be detected by looking at the dimension values (of course, the software also allows setting the dimension scaling factor, but that still requires extra effort). Third, when copying partial graphics between different drawings or using blocks, since the scale is 1:1, it is easy to adjust the block size. Fourth, it is very convenient for assembling assembly drawings from part drawings or for breaking down assembly drawings into part drawings. Fifth, there is no need for complicated calculations of scaling up or down, which improves work efficiency and prevents errors that may occur during the conversion process. 　　 51. How to use custom patterns for filling in AutoCAD? 　　All fill patterns in AutoCAD are saved in a library file named acad.pat, whose default path is the \\Acad2000\\Support directory within the installation folder. We can directly edit this file using a text editor to add statements for custom patterns ； You can also create your own *.Pat file and save it in the same directory; CAD can recognize it. 　　Next, we will use the example of creating a new pattern library file for diamond-patterned steel plates to illustrate how to customize patterns in AutoCAD 2000. 　 First, create a diamond pattern in CAD in accordance with national standards, and indicate the dimensions of each part. Refer to the standard format of the library file below: *pattern-name angle, x-origin, y-origin, delta-x, delta-y The first line is the title line. Right after the asterisk is the pattern name, which is displayed when using the HATCH command to select a pattern. The text within square brackets is an optional description shown when the pattern is displayed using the “?” option of the HATCH command. If the description is omitted, there must be no comma after the pattern name. 　　The second line is the description line for the pattern. There can be one or more lines. Their meanings are as follows: the angle at which a straight line is drawn; the X and Y coordinates of the point that a straight line in the set of filled lines passes through; the displacement between two filled lines; the vertical distance between two filled lines. Dash-n is a length parameter for a straight line, and can take positive or negative values or be zero. A positive value indicates that the corresponding segment is a solid line, a negative value means the segment is left empty, and a value of zero results in a dot being drawn. 　　Okay, we can start editing now. Open Notepad and write the following:
*custom, steel plate GB/T3277-1991
68.4667, 0, 0, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 0, 0, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
68.4667, -11.0191, 27.926, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 11.0191, 27.926, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
The four lines of data in this example correspond to segments a, b, c, and d in Figure 1 respectively. By referring to the illustrations, the values for each item should be easy to understand. Here, we will focus only on the rules governing the values of delta-x and delta-y. For easier understanding, we establish a UCS coordinate system as shown in the diagram, defining the origin and the positive direction of the X-axis. The vertical distance of 25 between segments a and e on the Y-axis constitutes delta-y, which is equivalent to the value 25 used in AutoCAD’s offset command ； If segment e is derived from segment a through an offset, then segment e also moves 9.8646 units in the negative X-direction relative to segment a; this displacement is known as delta-x. 　　Here are a few more things to note: Each line in the pattern definition file can contain up to 80 characters. 　　AutoCAD ignores blank lines and text to the right of semicolons. According to this rule, we can add copyright information, notes, or any content we wish to include in the file. For example: ;Copyright (c) 2000 by everyone. All rights reserved. Save the file afterward, naming it custom.Pat. Note, the file name must be the same as the pattern name. 　　At this point, I believe everyone has mastered the method of customizing patterns. Now, with just a little patience, you can create very complex patterns. 　　The method for calling the library file is as follows: The filler patterns and files I prepared are provided in the appendix; unzip them and place them in the \\Acad2000\\Support directory. Open AutoCAD and run the Hatch command. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box that appears, select Custom in the Type field. Click on the Swatch tab; this will bring up the Hatch Pattern Palette dialog box. Choose the Custom tab and specify the custom.Pat file we just created. A preview of the filling effect will then appear on the right side – and that is exactly the diamond-patterned steel plate design we need. 　　 52. How to use the trim command to trim multiple line segments at once? For example, line AB intersects four parallel lines; now we want to remove the part on the right side of line AB. Execute the trim command, select AB when prompted to choose an object and press Enter, then enter F and press Enter again. Next, draw a line on the right side of AB and press Enter – that’s it. 　　 53. How to expand the drawing space? 　　1) Increase the system display resolution. 2) Adjust the \"Appearance\" settings in the monitor properties to change the size of icons, scroll bars, title buttons, text, etc. 3) Remove unnecessary elements such as screen menus, scroll bars, and rarely used toolbars. To remove the screen menu and scroll bars, you can make these selections in the \"Drawing Window Parameters\" option on the \"Display\" tab of the \"Preferences\" dialog box (see step 4). 　　4) Set the system taskbar to disappear automatically and minimize the command line as much as possible. 　　5) On the “Settings” page of the display properties, set the desktop size to one or two levels larger than the screen size, so that you can work in a very large working area. 　　 54. How to print drawings using WORD? 　　In Word, there is a feature for inserting objects, one of which are AutoCAD drawings. Before inserting them, don’t forget to change the background color of the drawings in AutoCAD to white (go to Tools – Options – Display – Colors to make this change); otherwise, the drawings will have a filled color and won’t be visible. 　　 55. The difference between using a \"-\" before a command and not using it. The meaning of using a \"-\" versus not using it in AUTOCAD is different; the use of a \"-\" was introduced in AUTOCAD 2000 as a way to ensure that commands had a consistent format across different language versions. Adding a “-” before the command enables command-line mode for that command; without it, dialog mode is used. To be more specific: when a “-” is added, no dialog box appears during command execution, and all commands are entered in the command line. Without the “-”, a dialog box appears when the command is executed, and parameter entry is done within that dialog box. 56. How to compare two diagrams? 　　One of the images can be turned into a block, and its color can be changed to a bright color such as yellow; then the two images can be overlaid on top of each other, and any discrepancies will be easily visible. 　　 57. The width issue of polylines. 　　When the pline line is set to a width other than 0, it will be printed at that width. If the width of this polyline is too small, no width effect will be produced. (If drawing in millimeters and setting the polyline width to 10, when printing at a 1:100 scale, this corresponds to 0.1 millimeters.) ) Therefore, the width setting of polylines must take the printing scale into account. When the width is 0, it can be set according to the object’s properties (just like other objects). 　　 58. Dashed lines are drawn in model space and appear as dashed lines when printed, but why do they turn into solid lines when printed in the layout? How to print dashed lines in a layout? 　　It is estimated that the linear scale was changed, and at the same time the \"scale to paper space\" method was used (which is the default method in CAD). In the Linear Settings dialog box, uncheck the box next to “Scale to paper space”. 　　 59. How to combine multiple straight lines into one? 　　This can be done using the Group command. 　　 60. How to merge multiple lines into a polyline? 　　Use the PEDIT command, which has a merge option. 　　 61. When AUTOCAD is forced to close due to an error and then restarted, the following issue occurs: the \"File -- Open\" command does not display a window for selecting files, and the same thing happens when trying to save files. What should be done? 　　The FILEDIA variable should be modified. 　　 62. How to load it automatically after modifying ACAD.LSP? 　　The system variable ACADLSPASDOC can be changed to 1. 　　 63. How to modify the scale of dimension annotations? 　　Method 1: DIMSCALE determines the scale of dimensioning; it is an integer with a default value of 1. It is advisable to change this value to the desired scaling factor when the drawing needs to be scaled to a certain proportion. 　　Method 2: Format -- Dimension Style (select the dimension style to be modified) -- Modify -- Primary Unit -- Scale Factor, and make the changes. 64. How to control the display of solids? 　　Taking AutoCAD 2000 as an example, three system variables are commonly used for keyboard input to control the display of entities. 　　ISOLINES: By default, solids are displayed in wireframe format, with each surface on the solid represented by grid lines. The number of grid lines is controlled by this system variable, with valid values ranging from 0 to 2047, and the initial value is 4. The higher the grid value, the easier it is to observe the solid, but the waiting time before display increases. 　　DISPSILH: This variable controls the display of the entity’s contour edges; its value can be 0 or 1. The default value is 0, which means the contour edges are not displayed. When set to 1, the contour edges are shown. 　　FACETRES: This variable controls the smoothness of the entity after it has been HIDDEN, SHADED, or RENDERED. The valid range is 0.01–10.0, with a default value of 0.5. The higher its value, the smoother the display, but the waiting time before the display appears increases when using the HIDE, SHADE, and RENDER commands. Usually, its value is increased only during the final output. 　　 65. How to use the middle button of the mouse. 　　1. Ctrl+middle mouse button can enable panning similar to other software. 　　2. Double-clicking the middle mouse button is equivalent to ZOOM E. 　　　　 66. Multiple reproductions always require entering M – how can this be simplified? 　　It is possible to add a program to the acad.lsp file so that there is no need to enter “M”. The method is as follows:
(defun C:CVV ()
(setvar “cmdecho” 0)
(setq css (ssget)) (command “copy” css "" “m”)
(setq css nil) (setvar “cmdecho” 1)
(prin1)
)
By simply entering CVV and pressing Enter, multiple copies can be made. 　　 67. The direction issue when interrupting a circle. 　　AUTOCAD will delete the arc on the circle between the first break point and the second break point in a counterclockwise direction. 　　 68. How to quickly draw a tangent semicircle to parallel lines? 　　Using the FILLET command with rounded corners is 10 times faster than first drawing tangent circles and then cutting them. 　　 69. How to quickly enter a distance? 　　Following the prompt at the positioning point, enter a numerical value to position the next point at a specified distance in the direction indicated by the cursor. This function is typically used when the \"Orthogonal\" or \"Snap\" mode is active. For example: Execute command: line ； Specify the first point: Specify the point ； Specify the next point: Move the cursor in the desired direction, enter 5, and press Enter. 　　 70. How to restore smoothness to a rough graphic? 　　Sometimes, after scaling or zooming a graphic, it becomes rough – for example, a circle turns into a polygon – and the regen command can be used to restore its smooth appearance. 　　 71. How to measure the length of a certain element? 　　Method 1: Use linear annotations or aligned annotations with a measurement unit scale factor of 1. 　　Method 2: Use the dist command. 　　Method 3: Use the list command. It is recommended. 　　 72. How to change the size of the crosshair? 　　Tools--Options--Display--Crosshair size; adjust it as needed. 　　 73. How to change the size of the selection box? 　　Tools--Options--Selection--Pick Box Size, and adjust it as needed. 　　 74. How to change the size of the auto-capture marker? 　　Tools--Options--Sketch--Auto-capture marker size, adjust it as needed. 　　 75. What should I do if the copied graphic is always placed far away after pasting? 　　Use base-point copying when duplicating: Point Editing--Base-Point Copying. 76. How to measure the length of multi-segments with arcs? 　　Use the list command! 　　 77. Why is the stack button unavailable? 　　Usage of stacking: First, there must be stacking symbols (#, ^, /) ； Second, the content to be stacked must be selected before any operations can be performed. 　　 78. What are the concepts of regions, blocks, and solids? A region is a two-dimensional area created by a closed shape or loop ； A block is a collection of objects that can be combined to form a single object (or what is known as a block definition); one diagram can generally serve as a block within another diagram ； There are two concepts related to entities: one refers to the tangible, graphical basic elements, and the other refers to three-dimensional objects. For three-dimensional entities, \"Boolean operations\" can be used to combine them, while for more general entities, \"blocks\" or \"groups\" can be utilized for combination. 　　 79. What is the DXF file format? 　　DXF – Drawing Exchange File is a type of ASCII text file that contains all the information from the corresponding DWG file. Although it is not in ASCII format and thus has poor readability, it allows for fast creation of graphics. DWG files from different types of computers – such as PCs and their compatible machines, as well as SUN workstations with different CPU architectures – cannot be exchanged even if they use the same version of the file. To overcome this limitation, AutoCAD introduced the DXF format, which uses ASCII encoding; this enables different types of computers to exchange graphics by sharing DXF files. Due to its good readability, DXF files can be easily modified and programmed, allowing for editing and modification of external graphics. 　　 80. What is an acad “dumb graph”? 　　Ready-made drawings that contain only lines and dimension lines, but no dimension values. This was a lazy practice in previous production; nowadays, using computer-aided design, such an approach should not be advocated. 　　 81. How can lower-version AutoCAD open drawings from higher versions? 　　Convert it; conversion software can be used ； Or have the person who sent it save it in a lower version format before opening it. 　　 82. Solve the problem of large white areas in the control panel after installing CAD 2002. 　　The method is as follows: Open ----- type regedit in the box to launch the Registry Editor, locate the entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{5783F2D7-0101-0804-0002-0060B0CE6BBA}, modify the DisplayIcon value, and change the -1 in \"AutoCAD 2002 installation directory\acad.exe,-1\" to 1. This will resolve the issue of a large white area appearing when deleting items in the control panel. 　　 83. How to make a graphic view-only and uneditable? 　　If it’s your own image, just lock all its layers; it won’t change when opened ； If you don’t want to use it in the future, you can also blow up everything inside ； Another method is to write an encryption program in Lisp; once it runs, the image can only be viewed and cannot be modified in any way. 　　 84. How to modify the association of dimension annotations? To make them associated: select the dimension annotation that needs to be modified and use the DIMREASSOCIATE command. To make them unassociated: select the dimension annotation that needs to be modified and use the DIMDISASSOCIATE command.