Must read for graduates: Five insurances and one housing fund + files and household registration issues for recent college graduates

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Pension insurance: the employer pays 21% for you every month, and you pay 8%; medical insurance: the employer pays 9% for you every month, and you pay 2% yourself, plus a 10-yuan critical illness plan (the serious illness plan mainly covers hospitalization)； Unemployment insurance: the employer pays 2% for you every month, and you pay 1%; Work-related injury insurance: the employer pays 0.5% for you every month, and you don’t have to pay a penny; Maternity insurance: the employer pays 0.8% for you every month, and you don’t have to pay a penny; Housing Provident Fund: the employer pays 8% for you every month, and you pay 8%. Based on the above calculation, the proportion of social security paid by your employer for you every month should be 21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+8%=41.3% The proportion of social security you pay for yourself every month should be 8% + 2% + 10 yuan + 1% + 8% = 19% + 10 yuan. Ignoring the 10 yuan you pay for the time being, the ratio of the employer's payment and your payment should be 413:190. This means that if you pay 190 yuan for your social security every month, then the employer will pay it to your social security account. If you transfer 413 yuan into your social security account, the amount added to your social security account every month should be 413 + 190 = 603 yuan. So, when you can’t see it, the social security fee paid by your employer is actually more than twice as much as yours, so don’t feel bad when you pay social security fees every month~ You must know that your employer pays much more than you pay, and it is actually your employer that feels distressed. Speaking of the three insurances and one fund and the five insurances and one fund, everyone should have seen it here. In fact, the three insurances and one fund mentioned in the world are exactly the same as the five insurances and one fund. It is just that the three insurances and one fund are based on the insurance you pay personally (pension + medical + unemployment + provident fund), and the five insurances and one fund are based on the insurance paid by your company (pension + medical + unemployment + work-related injury + maternity + provident fund). Calling three insurances and one fund into five insurances and one fund is actually just a nice thing to say. In addition to your employer paying social security for you, in fact, people who are unemployed but have income, or people who have an employer but their employer does not pay social security, can also pay social security by themselves. However, individuals can only pay for pension insurance + medical insurance, work-related injuries, maternity, unemployment, and provident funds. You cannot pay it personally. 　　Let’s introduce what is the social insurance payment base. Just now, you have already known that the ratio of social insurance paid by the unit every month to the ratio you pay is almost 413:190. Now another question arises: What is the relationship between the social insurance premiums you pay every month and this ratio? How are social insurance premiums determined? You may not have noticed that every province and city releases a "minimum social insurance payment base" in early July every year. This base is determined based on statistics and calculations of the average salary of employees in the previous year + benefits + various subsidies and other miscellaneous expenses. The minimum base announced by Nanjing in July this year is 1,189 yuan. This is What does it mean? It means that as long as Nanjing is a formal unit that pays social security for its employees, the monthly payment for each employee is at least 1189 × 41.3% = 491 yuan, and the employee must pay at least 1189 × 19% + 10 = 236 yuan every month. In this way, the social security contributions that you and the company should pay every month are calculated. But now a new problem has arisen. The wages of employees in Nanjing are very different. Some people get 1,000 a month, and some can get 10,000 a month. Does it mean that those who get 1,000 and those who get 10,000 have to pay the same social insurance premium? Please note that 1189 is the lowest base, and there is a highest base above 1189. The highest base in Nanjing this year seems to be more than 8,000. I have forgotten the details. Anyway, if your salary is less than 1,189 yuan per month, the employer must also pay you 1,189×41.3%= based on 1,189 yuan. 491 yuan, and you have to pay at least 1189×19%+10=236 yuan every month. This is the significance of 1189 as the minimum payment base for social security: even if you receive 1000 or 800 yuan a month, you must pay the minimum monthly payment of 1189! But if your salary is higher than 1189, for example, you get 3,000 yuan a month, then when your employer goes to the labor bureau to pay you insurance (your employer and the social security fees you pay are both deducted by the labor bureau~), you should say to the labor bureau: "Yeah, we have a comrade here who is monthly "If you take 3,000 yuan, please deduct social insurance premiums according to the standard of 3,000 yuan." Then the Labor Bureau will use 3,000 yuan as the payment base to deduct the money from your company and you and transfer it to your social security account. At this time, your company should pay you 3,000 × 41.3% = every month. 1239 yuan, and you should pay 3000×19%+10=580 yuan every month. That is to say, if your salary is below 1189 yuan, then you will pay 1189 yuan every month; if your salary is above 1189 yuan, then every month You pay according to your actual salary every month, unless your salary is higher than the highest base. If you get 10,000 a month and the highest base is 8,000, you and your company will pay 8,000. Here I want to expose the shameless practices of some companies. These companies may give you thousands of wages every month, but when they go to the Labor Bureau to declare your base, they will not report it according to your actual salary. For example, if you get 3,000 yuan a month, they may go to the Labor Bureau and say that you only get 1,189 yuan, and then the labor bureau will only deduct 1,189×19%+10=236 yuan from you every month. You may be very happy, because you think the deduction is less, and the actual amount you get is wrong! If this is the case, your company is too shameless! Because the company pays more than twice as much as you, the less you pay, the less they pay! If calculated based on your actual salary of 3,000, they should pay you 3,000 × 41.3% = 1,239 yuan in social security fees every month, but based on 1,189, they only pay 1,189 × 41.3% = 491 yuan for you every month! So in fact, you suffer a big loss !Regular companies will only report to the Labor Bureau based on your actual salary and then deduct money! Only those sleazy companies will pay you according to the minimum standard no matter how high your salary is! Don’t think that the less you deduct from your social security insurance every month, the better! Maybe you have been shamelessly bullied by the company and you are completely unaware! It is very simple to determine the base of the employer’s payment for you: if you deduct 300 yuan in social security every month, Then your base number is almost 300÷19%≈1578 yuan. Check whether your salary is this amount. If your salary is obviously higher than 1578 yuan, for example, you actually get 3000 or 4000 yuan every month, then you must have been hired by the company. You have been bullied. After being bullied, you can go to the local labor inspection brigade to file a lawsuit against your work unit. Generally, one complaint will be accurate. However, it is best to find the evidence (such as salary slips, etc.) when you leave your job before filing a complaint. Otherwise, you will generally not be able to work in the company after filing a complaint. -+ It should be noted again that the proportion of social security contributions in different places is different. If you are not in Nanjing, your payment proportion is probably not 19%, but it will certainly not be too different. For example, your base may be 20% or 22%, but it will definitely not be 30% or 40%! So although 19% is the proportion in Nanjing, students from other places can also roughly calculate their own base based on this. Let me introduce the specific situation of these social security fees and how to use them. I have already said before. Social insurance = pension insurance + medical insurance + work-related injury insurance + maternity insurance + unemployment insurance + housing provident fund. Let’s talk about pension insurance first. This insurance generally has to be paid for 15 years before you can enjoy the pension for life when you retire. So students who want to get a pension must start paying it 15 years before they retire. This is almost the same rule outside Nanjing. If you have paid pension insurance for less than 15 years by retirement age, wait until you retire. * * All 8% of the pension saved in your personal account will be refunded to you. Then you will ask, where did the 21% paid by your employer go? Don’t expect this. * * It will be handed over to you. After you retire and take away your personal money, * * Just transfer all the 21% of the money paid by the unit for you * * It’s in the pension pool fund, and from now on this money has nothing to do with you anymore. You might say: Damn it! That’s my money, why don’t you give it to me? * * This is the stipulation that when refunding money, only the money paid by the individual that he deducted will be returned to the individual, and all the money paid by the unit for him will be * * Contributed - - Let's take a look at how your pension is calculated when you retire. The pension algorithm is very complicated, because * * The payment base will be changed every year. For example: if you are 30 years old now, your current payment base is 3,000 yuan, and if the retirement age is 55 years old, then you must start paying for pension insurance before you are 40 years old. If you start paying now at the age of 30, you will pay until the age of 55. If it is 25 years, then first of all you will definitely be able to enjoy the pension. Secondly, if the payment base of 3,000 yuan you paid has become 6,000 yuan after 25 years (I am talking about if), then when you are 55 years old, you can first get a basic pension of 6,000 × 20% = 1,200 yuan every month. This * Your family gave it to you. In addition, you have accumulated a lot of money in your personal account in the past 25 years. Just average the payment base, (3000+6000)÷2=4500, then in the past 25 years, you have accumulated a lot of money in your personal account. There should be 4500 × 8% (the personal proportion of the pension insurance you paid) × 25 years × 12 months = 108,000 yuan. Then in addition to the previous 1,200 yuan, you can also get 108,000÷ every month. 120=900 yuan, so you can get at least 1200+900=2100 yuan in pension every month starting from the age of 55, of course every year * * The base is still rising, so in addition to your own 900 yuan every year, you will get more than 1,200 yuan every month after retirement, and of course your pension will also be more and more. So the more you pay for pension insurance, the better. The more you pay, the more you will enjoy after retirement, and, * * After adjusting the base every year, you will get more and more money. It is possible to get 1,500 after paying 1,000 now. Here is a perverted policy. No matter where you pay social insurance, when you retire, you can only go back to your place of residence to enjoy local retirement benefits. From this point of view, people who pay social security in a place with a high base but retire to a place with a low base to enjoy pensions will suffer a big loss. Why do you say that? Let me give you an example, if you worked in Nanjing when you were young, paid social security for 20 years and then retired, but if your household registration is in Heilongjiang, then you must go back to Heilongjiang to enjoy your pension. If you paid in Nanjing for 20 years, the average base is 3,000 (I am talking about if), and when you retire When you retire, the payment base in Heilongjiang is only 1,000 (I'm talking about if), then you can only enjoy 1,000 benefits when you retire! This is a big loss! In a word, if you pay social security in a rich place but return to a poor place to enjoy social security when you retire, then you will pay a lot in your life but enjoy very little! Pay 3,000 Blocks may only be enjoyed for 1,000 blocks! This is very * * thing, but there is no way, * * This is the policy, so please pay attention to all students who are currently registered in places with a low base, such as the West, but work in places with a high base, such as Beijing or Shanghai, and pay social security. You must either pay social security in the West, or move your registered residence to Beijing or Shanghai before retirement, otherwise you will be making a huge fortune in your life. If it is a loss-making transaction, you might say, if my household registration is in Nanjing, then I can pay in Heilongjiang for 20 years. I will pay money in a place with a low base, and when I retire, I will return to a place with a high base to enjoy high benefits. Wrong! Do you think the Nanjing Municipal Labor Bureau will let you enjoy it casually?! This is usually the case In this case, Nanjing will find a reason to directly refuse your transfer! At that time, you will be smart but mistaken: you can’t enjoy it in Heilongjiang, and you can’t enjoy it in Nanjing! However, some places have some easing regulations for this situation. For example, Nanjing allows you to transfer back to Nanjing from a place with a low base 5 years before retirement. , and then continue to pay the high base in Nanjing for 5 years, and then you will be allowed to return to Nanjing to enjoy the pension. This policy is estimated to be different in different places. Students who plan to transfer in the future should go to your local labor bureau to clarify this issue now, so as to avoid unexpected accidents when you retire! Let’s talk about medical insurance * * The policy is pretty good. The important thing is that the hospitalization reimbursement is quite large. As I said before, the medical insurance your unit pays you every month is 9%, and the medical insurance you pay every month is about 2% plus 10 yuan for the serious illness plan. This serious illness plan only cares about your hospitalization regardless of anything else, and the 11% * * Your own 2% will be added to your medical insurance account every month. If you pay social security according to the minimum base of 1,189 yuan every month, then 1,189 × 2% = 23.78 yuan. * Your family will send you personal money every month. You can accumulate this money and directly swipe your card to buy medicine or see a doctor. The remaining 9% * * Just take it and calculate it into the medical pooling fund. According to Nanjing's regulations, if you start paying for medical insurance in January 2007, then you can swipe your card to buy medicine or see outpatients from February 2007. From July 2007, your hospitalization expenses can be reimbursed. The application is quite complicated. Here is an example: If you were hospitalized on August 1, 2007, in the best tertiary hospital in Nanjing. During the hospitalization, you took medicines covered by medical insurance. The total cost of surgery + hospitalization and other expenses was 5,000 yuan. When reimbursing, the medical insurance center will first deduct 1,000 yuan, which is the starting price. The remaining 4,000 yuan can be reimbursed by the medical insurance center. 4 000×86%=3440 yuan, you personally only need to pay 4000×14%=560 yuan. Adding the previous starting price of 1,000 yuan, you only need to pay 1,560 yuan if you spend 5,000 yuan, and this 1,560 yuan can also be deducted from your medical insurance card (if you don’t use that card very often). So in fact, it doesn’t cost you much to be hospitalized. Medical insurance is much more important to us young people than pension insurance. After all, medical treatment and hospitalization are too damn expensive. This is also the most important point of participating in social insurance. However, Nanjing City stipulates that medical insurance must be paid for 25 years before you can enjoy it for life after retirement. So if you retire at the age of 55, you must start paying for medical insurance at the latest when you are 30 years old. Now, let’s talk about work-related injury insurance. This insurance is generally rarely used in practice, and I don’t have much contact with it. I need to remind everyone that if something happens to you while working or commuting to and from get off work, this insurance will come in handy. However, in practice, many people have accidents and do not pay attention to preserving evidence, resulting in them not being able to enjoy work-related injury insurance. This is a pity. If you are hit by a car when you are off work, then you should Call the police as soon as possible and let the police investigate and record and take photos and collect evidence. After the police handle the matter, they will issue you an accident certificate or something like that. You can take this to your work unit and ask for a work-related injury report. If you have an accident and just let people run away without looking for witnesses or calling the police, then there is a statute of limitations for work-related injuries that will generally not be accepted without evidence. If you are 200 If you had a work-related injury on July 1, 2007, you must report it to your work unit immediately and hand it over to the work unit the evidence and accident identification certificate issued by the police, as well as your medical history of seeing a doctor or being hospitalized after your work-related injury. Ask your work unit to take these materials for a work-related injury appraisal. Your company must send your valid materials to the work-related injury appraisal center before August 1, 2007. If it is more than one month before you were injured at work, * The injury may not be identified. If your employer does not come to identify it for you, then you can take the materials to the identification center for identification yourself. It is best not to take more than a month, otherwise it will be very troublesome. Let’s talk about maternity insurance and give an example. If you are a girl, your monthly salary is 1,000 yuan, and you will start paying maternity insurance on January 1, 2007. Insurance, the payment base is 1189, and you were pregnant in March 2007, gave birth to a child at the end of December 2007, and were discharged from the hospital in January 2008, then after you are discharged, you must quickly submit your marriage certificate (unmarried children cannot be reimbursed) + only child certificate (generally speaking, those who have two children cannot be reimbursed) + medical records + medical card examination and all hospitalization and surgical expenses * * +Submit all materials such as hospitalization list + discharge summary to the company. If you spent 500 yuan for examination during pregnancy, and 2,000 yuan for hospitalization + surgery when giving birth, generally speaking, the company can basically reimburse you within the scope of medical insurance regulations. After reimbursement, the money given to you includes: 500 yuan for examination fee + 2,000 yuan for hospitalization and surgery fee + 1,189 yuan/month × 4 months = 7,256 yuan. 1,189 yuan/month x 4 months. This is a special subsidy provided by the medical insurance center for girls who are reimbursed. Only girls can get it if they reimburse. * * It is stipulated that girls must pay 4 months' average salary when reimbursing for maternity insurance, so if you reimburse for childbirth, you not only don't have to spend money, but you can also earn 4 months' salary! If your base payment is higher than your salary, for example, if you take 1,000 yuan and pay 1,189, then you still earn. Maternity insurance must be paid for at least one year before you can enjoy it. Remember, there is another problem, boys also pay maternity insurance~ So can boys enjoy maternity insurance? If you are a boy and your wife has no job or her workplace does not pay insurance, and you have paid maternity insurance for more than a year when she gave birth, you can also reimburse the maternity insurance, but taking the previous example, you can only reimburse 500 yuan for the examination fee + half of the 2,000 yuan for hospitalization and surgery = 1,250 yuan. You won’t be able to enjoy the subsidy of 1,189 yuan/month x 4 months’ salary! This is only available to girls when they are reimbursed. For the same expenses, girls can get 7,256 yuan for reimbursement, while boys can only get 1,250 yuan for reimbursement. This is probably one of the rare policies that “discriminates against men” in China - -+So, it is better for a girl to plan before having a baby. She can find an employer to pay for maternity insurance a year in advance. She can make a lot of money! And if a boy wants to marry a wife, it is best to marry a girl who has already paid for maternity insurance for a year when giving birth and the base payment is higher than her own salary! But if she really does not have insurance, it does not matter, you can also reimburse her for maternity insurance, but you will get 4 months of salary without subsidies, and you can only get back half of the reported expenses. 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Unemployment insurance Unemployment insurance also requires you to pay for one year before you can enjoy it. Generally, you will get 2 months after paying for 1 year, and you will get 4 months after paying for 2 years, but you can get up to 24 months in your lifetime. Here is an example: If you started paying insurance on January 1, 2007, and you were fired by the company in January 2008, then you can ask the company to get you unemployment insurance for 2 months. If you paid insurance based on 1189 this year, you can get at least more than 800 yuan in 2 months. Or you started paying insurance on January 1, 2007, and in January 2008 you and If the company contract expires and neither of you wants to renew the contract, you can also ask the company to get you two months of unemployment insurance before leaving the company. It is also more than 800 yuan, which means that if the contract expires or the company dismisses you, you can ask the company to provide it for you based on the ratio of two months of unemployment insurance per year. If the company does not provide it for you, you can sue it. But if you resign on your own before the contract expires, you won't be able to enjoy unemployment insurance even if you pay for one year. As long as you resign on your own, let alone one year, you won't get a penny even if you pay for 10 years of unemployment insurance until you resign. 　 The housing provident fund is a good thing. Let’s put it this way. If you pay 200 yuan for the provident fund every month, then the company will also add 200 yuan to your account every month. When you buy a house, it will be 400 yuan. If you pay 50,000 yuan in your life, then your account will be 100,000 yuan. Don’t refuse this kind of good thing. The provident fund can be used to buy a house, pay off a loan, decorate, etc. If you can find land to build a house, the money to build the house can also be paid from the provident fund. If you never use this money, it seems that you can withdraw all the money when you finally retire. Let me talk about the differences from Nanjing. The city of Nanjing does not allow non-payment of medical insurance. In other words, the social security center includes pensions, medical care, unemployment, work-related injuries, and maternity, and it is collected from the company. * The provident fund can be paid or not, because this is under the jurisdiction of the Provident Fund Center. The specific social security proportions are: Pension insurance: the employer pays 22% for you every month, and you pay 8%; Medical insurance: the employer pays 12% for you every month, and you pay 2%; Unemployment insurance: the employer pays 2% for you every month, and you pay 1%; Work-related injury insurance: the employer pays 0.5% for you every month, and you do not have to pay a penny; Maternity insurance: The employer pays 0.5% for you every month, and you don’t have to pay a penny; Housing provident fund: The employer pays 7% for you every month, and you pay 7%. Supplementary housing provident fund: The unit pays 8% for you every month, and you pay 8% yourself (this is only available to state-owned enterprises with generally good returns, and the ratio is determined by the company itself. Generally, it is moral for a company to pay a provident fund) Another thing to mention is the relationship between social security and individual tax adjustment. When paying individual tax adjustment, the taxable base is calculated after deducting the personal deduction. However, one thing to note is that the portion of the provident fund and supplementary provident fund exceeding 12% (the portion paid by individuals and enterprises) also needs to be included in the taxable base. For example, the company mentioned above The provident fund is 7% and the supplementary provident fund is 8%, which adds up to 15%. Then the 3% of the personal deduction must be included in the tax payable. At the same time, the 3% of the enterprise, although not deducted from the individual's salary, must still be included in the taxable base. In other words, the individual must pay for the individual tax adjustment on this expense. When it comes to medical insurance, different places have different methods of transferring money into personal accounts. The most popular one is Nanjing’s method of transferring money on a monthly basis. There are also many places that use a yearly method. To be specific, the medical insurance year is from April 1st of each year to March 31st of the following year. At the same time, the change of the social security payment base is also determined in early to mid-April. On April 1, the Medical Insurance Bureau will withhold one year's personal medical insurance (that is, the 2%) according to each person's social security base and enter it into the personal medical insurance card account. However, a problem arises at this time. On April 1, the social security base for the year has not yet been established. The Medical Insurance Bureau can only estimate the current year's personal medical insurance based on the previous year's base. So what should we do with this difference? That is to make up the undercount or deduct the overpayment on April 1 of the next year. It may seem troublesome to write such a long paragraph. Let's take an example of a person's average monthly income of 5,000 yuan in 2004, 4,000 yuan in 2005, and 6,000 yuan in 2006. The Medical Insurance Bureau in April 2006 When the amount was deposited into the personal account on the 1st, the Social Security Center had not yet approved the payment base for 2006 (that is, the average monthly income in 2005), so the Medical Insurance Bureau still calculated the annual personal account amount based on the payment base for 2005 (that is, the average monthly income in 2004), which is 5,000 * 2% * 12=1200, but in fact this person’s personal account amount this year should be 4000 * 2% * 12=960, then the extra 240 yuan will be deducted on April 1, 2007. At the same time, the new-year personal bonus credited to the account on April 1, 2007 is still 960 yuan (actually it should be 6,000 yuan). * 2% * 12=1440 yuan), the 480 yuan less will be made up on April 1, 2008. Therefore, because most people have different payment bases every year, almost everyone’s total account number in March each year is different from the amount of previous years’ accounts seen in April. This is what the Medical Insurance Bureau generates when doing annual expense calculations. There is also a time limit issue with work-related injuries. If you were injured on July 1, 2007, you must report it to your work unit immediately, and submit the evidence and accident appraisal certificate issued by the police, as well as your medical records of medical treatment or hospitalization after your work-related injury to your work unit, and ask your work unit to take these materials for work-related injury appraisal. Your company must send your valid materials to the work-related injury appraisal center before August 1, 2007. If it is more than one month away from the date of your work-related injury, * The injury may not be identified. If your company does not come to identify it for you, then you can take the materials to the identification center for identification. It is best not to take more than a month, otherwise it will be very troublesome. There are two ways to declare a work-related injury. One is the unit declaration, which is valid within 30 days, as mentioned above, and the other is the individual declaration, which is valid within one year. However, due to injuries or other reasons, the longer the delay, the less evidence there is. If you declare an individual injury, you will also waste a lot of time and energy because you do not understand the process. In terms of maternity insurance, for miscarriage, dystocia, multiple births, and premature birth, you can check the link below for details. Although it is Shanghai’s policy, there are similarities everywhere. There may be differences in policies between Shanghai and Nanjing. The company will never care about reimbursement in this area. Medical insurance is directly linked to pregnant women. During the period of maternity examination, delivery and hospitalization, everything within the scope of medical insurance coordination is paid by medical insurance. Of course, self-paid items (such as high-end wards, self-paid drugs, etc.) must still be borne by yourself. After giving birth to a child, go to the Medical Insurance Bureau to apply for maternity subsidy. The Medical Insurance Bureau will give you 3,000 yuan for social security, and then give you 3 months of basic payment income. If you have a child late, you can add half a month. If you have multiple babies, you will get one more and half a month. If the monthly average of the previous year is If the salary income is greater than the upper limit of the social security payment base, then social security will only pay the payment base, and the rest will be paid by the company. For example, if a person's average monthly salary income in the previous year was 10,000, the social security base limit is 7,392. Then the monthly income provided by social security is 7392, and the remaining 10000-7392=2608 is paid by the employer. (Although I think this situation is not easy for readers in the cloud to encounter=. =. . ) In fact, there are two key points: 1. Pay for one year before giving birth. 2. Declare the social security payment base normally. So students, especially female students, don’t think it doesn’t matter whether the base reported by the company is high or low. You may even feel lucky that your salary is higher because the base is lower. By this time, you will see the problem! This is the reason why so many female workers would rather stay in a place where wages are low but social insurance is fully claimed, and then change jobs after giving birth. First, small places don’t like unmarried female employees, and second, maternity insurance is also a huge income supplement. For example, if a person's normal salary is 3,000, but her year-end bonus and other bonus income are included in the social security base declaration, then the average monthly salary may reach 5,000. At this time, the monthly income earned in the months after giving birth is 5,000. If you don't use the money all the time, it seems that you can withdraw all the money when you finally retire. No, it is absolutely possible! Moreover, provident fund loans have much lower interest rates than commercial loans, which is also a big benefit.