How does CII calculate direct burial of hot water pipes (with compensators and fixed piers)?
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How does CII calculate direct burial of hot water pipes (with compensators and fixed piers)?
When calculating the stresses on the buried elbows and the loads on the fixed supports, the expansion joints must be considered as relatively free ends. Because the presence of expansion joints or flexible sleeve connections creates discontinuities in the pipe structure, it is necessary to add the effects of unbalanced pressure loads and axial joint friction or stiffness to the thermal expansion effects in order to determine the maximum pipe stress and the load on the fixed supports. (Excerpt from ASME B31.1, page 274)