I would like to ask the experts: what exactly is the bottleneck in converting coal into oil?
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The book \"China’s Chemical Engineering Report\" states that in the future, coal will play a dominant role in China’s energy structure, while oil is facing depletion; it therefore seems necessary to convert coal into oil. However, no large-scale development of such processes has taken place yet. What is the reason for this?
Coal gasification represents a bottleneck; moreover, the fluidized bed technology used in South Africa is quite efficient, while in our country we currently use fixed-bed systems
For indirect liquefaction, I think that in addition to the issue of gasification efficiency (the hydrogen source still poses problems in terms of high water and energy consumption), the efficiency of subsequent purification, synthesis, and the entire process needs to be improved. As for direct liquefaction, the acquisition of hydrogen sources (the current methods of gas production and separation are not economical), as well as the selectivity of direct liquefaction and the purification of the resulting products, all require further optimization.