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This post was last edited by Nanhai Anqi on 2010-11-27 at 19:17. Thanks to the original author of Xiji Valley, xp_551200, for posting it here to share with everyone and for learning together; we also hope that others will continue to add to and improve it. I. Content 1. 5W3H 2. 8D/5C reports 3. The old seven QC tools 4. The new seven QC tools 5. The five core manuals of ISO/TS16949 6. 10S/Five Constants method 7. 7M1E 8. The eight criteria for anomaly detection and the three principles for stability assessment in SPC 9. The seven IE tools 10. A comprehensive summary of ISO knowledge II. Detailed outline of the content 1. The 5W3H thinking model: What, Where, When, Who, Why, How, How much, How feel (1) Why: The reason – why do we need to do this? Why do this (is there a better way)? (Reason for doing this task) (2) What: What matter——What is it? What to do? What to prepare? (That is, clarify the content of the work and the goals to be achieved.) (3) Where: Where—where is the best place to start? Where to do it? (Where the work takes place)? (4)When: When—when does it start? When will it be completed? When should it be checked? (Time) (5) Who: Who—who will do it? (Who will bear the responsibility and carry it out? ) Who is responsible? Who will do it? (Participants, responsible persons)? (6)How: How—how to do it? How to improve efficiency? How to implement it? How’s the method? (How is it done?) (7)How much: What’s the price? ---- What is the cost? What kind of outcome should be achieved (to what extent)? What about the quantity? What is the quality level? How are the costs and outputs? Summary: That is, why? What is it? Where? When? Who will do it? How to do it? How much is the cost? What will be the result? In other words: it is necessary to clarify the reason, content, location, time, recipient, method, and cost of the work/task. Plus the work results (how do you feel): When work results are taken into account, the prediction becomes part of the 5W3H and 2,8D/5C reports. (I) 8D Report: D0: Preparation; D1: Formation of an improvement team; D2: Description of the problem; D3: Temporary corrective actions; D4: Identification of the root cause; D5: Development of permanent solutions; D6: Implementation/verification of PCA; D7: Prevention of recurrence; D8: Closure and celebration. (II) 5C Report: The 5C report was developed by DELL for resolving quality issues; it consists of abbreviations for five English words starting with the letter C: Description ； Containment measures ； Reason ； Corrective actions ； Verification check. Compared to the 8D report, it is simpler, but the basic concept remains the same; to prepare a better 5C report, it is necessary to follow the “5C” guidelines. C1: Correct (Accurate): The description of each component is accurate and does not cause any misunderstandings ； C2: Clear: The description of each component is clear and easy to understand ； C3: Concise (brief): Contains only essential information, with no redundant content ； C4: Complete: Includes the full steps to reproduce the defect along with other essential information ； C5: Consistent: All defect reports are written in a consistent format. 3. QC’s old seven basic tools: ① Fishbone diagram (also known as fishbone chart, cause-and-effect diagram, characteristic factor diagram, or Ishikawa diagram): A tool used to trace the causes of a problem. (Finding causal relationships) ② Stratification method: Analysis by stratification. (Categorized by layer, with separate statistical analysis) ③ Pareto Diagram: Helps identify the key factors. (Find the “important minority”) ④ Check List: A tool for verifying data. (Survey record data is used for analysis) ⑤ Scatter Diagram: Use a scatter diagram to observe correlations. (Find the relationship between the two) ⑥ Histogram: A histogram displays the distribution. (Understand data distribution and process capability) ⑦ Control Chart: Used to identify abnormalities. (Understanding process variation) 4. The 7 New QC Tools ① Relationship Diagram Method (Cause-and-Effect Diagram Method) ； ②KJ method (affinity diagram method, card method) ； ③System diagram method (tree diagram method) ； ④Matrix diagram method ； ⑤Matrix data analysis method ； ⑥PDPC method (Process Decision Program Chart method) or major accident prediction chart method ； ⑦Network diagram method (also known as network planning technique or bar chart method, and also referred to as the critical path method). 5. The five core manuals of ISO/TS16949: ① FMEA (Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) ； ②MSA (Measurement System Analysis) ； ③SPC (Statistical Process Control) ； ④APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan) ； ⑤Among the five manuals of PPAP (Production Part Approval Process), the most important ones are APQP and 10S/The Five Constants. (I) 10S, which builds on 5S: 1S: Sorting (SEIRI); 2S: Straightening (SEITON); 3S: Cleaning (SEISOU); 4S: Standardizing (SEIKETSU); 5S: Sustaining discipline (SHITSUKE); 6S: Safety; 7S: Saving/Speed; 8S: Service; 9S: Satisfaction; 10S: Persistence. (II) The Five Constants: These are techniques used to maintain a quality-oriented environment; in the West, they are referred to as 5S. **It is known as the Five Constants Method; due to linguistic requirements, five English words were chosen for translation, namely Structurise, Systematise, Sanitise, Standardise, Self-discipline. When **implementing the Five Constants method, five Chinese terms are naturally required as accompaniments. It is also what we usually refer to as: organizing, tidying, sweeping, cleaning, and maintaining. Chinese English (5-S) 50 points Examples: ①Regularly organise – Structurise 10: Get rid of or return unnecessary items to storage. ②Regularly standardise – Systematise 10: Be able to find documents within 30 seconds. ③Regularly clean – Sanitise 5: Ensure that everyone is aware of their responsibilities regarding cleanliness. ④Regularly standardise – Standardise 15: Ensure transparency in storage. ⑤Regularly practice self-discipline – Self-discipline 10: Apply the 5S method every day. 7, 7M1E: ①Man ； Person ②Machine ； Machine ③Material ； Material ④Method ； France ⑤Environment ； Regarding Circle ⑥, the 5M1E model mentioned here includes measurement as well; if Management and Market are added to it, we get 7M1E. Similar to 5S, there are different variations of this model. 8. The eight judgment criteria for SPC/the three principles for stability assessment. Summary of the eight judgment criteria for control charts (this is my own summary): ① 2/3A (2 out of 3 consecutive points are on the same side of the center line and outside Zone B). ② 4/5C (4 out of 5 consecutive points are on the same side of the center line and outside Zone C). ③ 6-in-a-row (6 consecutive points increase or decrease sequentially, forming a row). ④ 8-without-C (8 consecutive points are on both sides of the center line, with none in Zone C). ⑤ 9-on-one-side (9 consecutive points fall on the same side of the center line). ⑥ 14-alternating (14 consecutive points alternate up and down among adjacent points). ⑦ 15-all-in-C (15 consecutive points are above or below the center line of Zone C, i.e., all within Zone C). ⑧ 1-outside-the-boundaries (1 point is outside Zone A). Explanation: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 – sequences of A and C points (increasing or decreasing sequentially) ； ---2/3, 4/5, 6 correspond to A, C, and consecutive sequences respectively ； That is, 2/3A ； 4/5C ； 6 consecutive. 81514: missing C, all C, alternating pattern – 8, 15, 14 correspond to missing C, all C, and alternating pattern respectively ； That is, 8 lacks C ； 15 all C ； 14 alternates up and down. 9 unilateral, one point on the outside – 9 o’clock on the same side ； Just a little outside Area A. Mnemonic: 23456, AC sequence ； 81 514, alternate between missing C and having C everywhere ； 9 unilateral, with one point on the outside. (II) Principles for determining stability of control charts: 1. 25 consecutive points within the control limits ； 2. In 35 consecutive points, at most one point may be out of bounds ； 3. At most two of the 100 consecutive points can be out of bounds. Meeting any of the above conditions can be considered as a steady state. 9. A comprehensive summary of ISO knowledge: ISO9000 has several key features, which can be summarized as “1 essence and 1 focus, 2 basic principles” ； \"3 characteristics, 4 principles of always, 4 major products, 5 major modules, 6 documents, 8 principles,\" which I simplify further to \"112 344 568\": ① One essence: consistency in speaking, writing, and doing ； ②One focus: customer-centricity ③ Two key principles: customer satisfaction and continuous improvement ； w: ④ Three characteristics: suitability, sufficiency, and effectiveness. ⑤Four principles for everything: everything has a responsible person, everything follows established procedures, everything is traceable, and everything is under supervision. ⑥Four main product categories: services, software, hardware, and process materials. ⑦Five major modules: (1 overall process, 4 major processes): quality management system, management responsibilities, resource management, product realization and measurement, analysis and improvement. ⑧Six documents: The ISO9000 standard specifies that six procedural documents must be established: the document control procedure, the quality record management procedure, the internal audit procedure, the non-conforming product control procedure, the corrective action control procedure, and the preventive action control procedure. ⑨Eight principles: customer focus, the role of leadership, full participation, process approach, systematic management, continuous improvement, decision-making based on facts, and a mutually beneficial relationship with suppliers. (South China Safety Enterprises: Personal notation – “five people” + “three methods” + “one principle”) 10. The seven main techniques of IE: ① Process analysis; ② Time analysis; ③ Motion analysis; ④ Line analysis; ⑤ Operation analysis; ⑥ Material analysis; ⑦ Environmental analysis. There is a strong purpose behind learning from experience after starting work – it allows one to build one’s own knowledge framework by drawing on the practical experiences of others. Why not do it? Once again, thanks to the original author xp_551200 for their generous contribution.