Hydraulic power steering systems for automotive applications

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An overview of hydraulic power steering systems for automotive applications – Reprinted by Engineer Li, a senior consultant at Hydraulic Talent Network. The common problems that occur in hydraulic steering systems during use include heavy steering effort, steering deviation, oscillations in steering, and abnormal noises while steering. 　　Heavy steering is mostly caused by the failure of the steering hydraulic assist system, and it has nothing to do with the mechanical parts of the steering system. The specific reasons for heavy steering include: insufficient hydraulic fluid volume ； The system has poor sealing performance, allowing air to enter the hydraulic system ； Severe wear of the gear pump chamber in the hydraulic pump, or damage to the belt gears that drive the hydraulic pump, can both cause the hydraulic assist system to fail to function. 　　Steering deviation is often caused by improper assembly or adjustment during the maintenance of the steering gear; in particular, improper assembly and adjustment of the steering gear’s worm gear, worm, and hydraulic oil distribution valve can lead to steering deviation. Sometimes, uneven braking adjustment of the two front wheels can also cause such deviation. 　　The steering wobble phenomenon is often caused by a loose steering linkage, improper front-wheel alignment, or differences between the two front tires. 　　Abnormal noises during steering are often caused by a loose drive pulley, loose bolts securing the steering pump, or an excessively low liquid level in the reservoir. 　　Based on the above considerations, Hydraulic Engineer Li believes that in practical applications we should use and maintain the hydraulic steering mechanism properly. Specifically, the following steps should be taken: 1. Regularly check whether there is a shortage of steering hydraulic oil; if so, it should be replenished promptly. At the same time, the hydraulic oil reservoirs and filters should be cleaned regularly to prevent the oil from becoming dirty or deteriorating. It is recommended to replace the hydraulic oil every 30,000 kilometers of driving distance ； 　　2. When repairing the steering gear, it should be installed properly; in particular, the assembly between the worm gear and the worm must be correct. The appropriate number of steel balls must be used, and the steel slide rails must not be deformed. The hydraulic oil distribution valve and the walls of the piston chamber need to be cleaned thoroughly. High-quality, appropriately matched oil seals should be used to prevent leakage of hydraulic oil ； 　3. When turning, do not turn the steering wheel to the extreme; especially when turning in place, leave some margin to ensure that the hydraulic steering system operates properly. 　　4. During maintenance, check the tension of the steering pump belt for any breaks; if any are present, it should be replaced promptly. The appropriate tension is such that a finger can be pressed about 1 centimeter into the belt ； 　　5. Regularly check the pipe connections of the hydraulic system for any signs of oil leakage. Hydraulic hoses should be kept away from friction with other components to prevent damage and air ingress. Additionally, hydraulic hoses should be replaced regularly to avoid internal peeling that could block the pipes ；