How are the internal/external heat transfer coefficients generally calculated?

Thread Content

As is well known, the overall heat transfer coefficient is generally determined by the heat transfer coefficient inside the tube, the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube, the fouling thermal resistance inside the tube, the fouling thermal resistance outside the tube, and the thermal conductivity of the tube wall. : The heat transfer coefficients inside and outside the tubes are generally determined by the flow velocity, the physical properties of the fluid, and the structural design of the heat exchanger. The fouling thermal resistance is mainly influenced by the physical properties of the fluid and the structure of the heat exchanger, while the thermal conductivity of the tube walls is primarily related to the material used for those tubes. In addition, the specifications of the heat exchange tubes (diameter, wall thickness), whether the heat exchanger has fins for enhanced performance, the arrangement of the tubes, and the layout of the heat exchanger shell all affect the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger. How are the internal/external heat transfer coefficients generally calculated? I am currently calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchangers in a production application, but due to limited data, I’m quite stuck. I hope all my classmates can offer their help.