May I ask which ones are considered hazardous processes?

This post was last edited by zcy794 on 2011-5-19 at 13:23. **Notice from the State Administration of Work Safety on Publishing the List of Key Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Strict Supervision – Anwen Zongguan San [2009] No. 116** To the work safety supervision bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, as well as relevant central state-owned enterprises: In order to implement the requirements set out in the “Guiding Opinions of the Office of the State Council’s Work Safety Committee on Further Strengthening Work Safety in the Handling of Hazardous Chemicals” (Anwei Ban [2008] No. 26, hereinafter referred to as the “Guiding Opinions”), improve the intrinsic safety level of chemical production facilities and hazardous chemical storage installations, and guide local authorities in carrying out automated upgrades to production facilities that involve hazardous chemical processes, the State Administration of Work Safety has prepared the “List of Key Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Strict Supervision” along with the “Safety Control Requirements, Key Monitoring Parameters, and Recommended Control Schemes for Such Processes”. These documents are now being published, and the following matters are hereby notified: First, chemical enterprises shall, in accordance with the requirements outlined in the “List of Key Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Strict Supervision” and the “Safety Control Requirements, Key Monitoring Parameters, and Recommended Control Schemes”, identify the key process parameters that require monitoring based on the hazardous chemical processes used in their own enterprises and their characteristics. They should also equip themselves with appropriate automatic control systems; large-scale and highly dangerous chemical facilities shall be equipped with emergency shutdown systems in line with the recommended control schemes. In the future, new production facilities that employ hazardous chemical processes should, in principle, be designed by chemical design firms with Class A qualifications. II. Safety supervision departments in various regions should, in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines, formulate plans, implement measures, and accelerate the automation transformation of production facilities in chemical enterprises that use hazardous chemical processes within their jurisdictions. Efforts should be made to complete the automation transformation of all such production facilities by the end of 2010, so as to further improve the safety conditions in these chemical enterprises. III. During the automated transformation of production facilities involving hazardous chemical processes, if relevant entities identify any issues with the \"List of Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Priority Supervision\" and the \"Safety Control Requirements, Key Monitoring Parameters, and Recommended Control Schemes for Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Priority Supervision\", they should carefully study these issues, propose solutions, and provide feedback to the **General Administration of Work Safety (Third Department for Work Safety Supervision and Management) in a timely manner. Safety regulatory authorities in various regions can also, based on the characteristics of the local chemical industry and safety production practices, supplement and determine a list of hazardous chemical processes that require focused supervision within their respective jurisdictions. IV. Please ask the provincial safety supervision bureaus to forward this notice to the chemical enterprises within their jurisdiction (or under their oversight), and to send copies to the units involved in the design of chemical construction projects, as well as to the relevant safety assessment agencies with Class B qualifications. Appendix: 1. List of hazardous chemical processes to be under strict supervision in the first batch 2. Safety control requirements, key monitoring parameters, and recommended control schemes for hazardous chemical processes under strict supervision in the first batch **State Administration of Work Safety, June 12, 2009 List of Hazardous Chemical Processes to be Under Strict Supervision in the First Batch 1. Phosgene and phosgenation processes 2. Electrolysis processes (chlor-alkali) 3. Chlorination processes 4. Nitration processes 5. Ammonia synthesis processes 6. Cracking processes 7. Fluorination processes 8. Hydrogenation processes 9. Diazotization processes 10. Oxidation processes 11. Peroxidation processes 12. Amination processes 13. Sulfonation processes 14. Polymerization processes 15. Alkylation processes Appendix 2: Safety control requirements, key monitoring parameters, and recommended control schemes for hazardous chemical processes under strict supervision in the first batch 1. Phosgene and phosgenation processes Reaction type: Exothermic reaction Key monitoring units: Phosgenation reactors, phosgene storage and transportation units Process overview: The phosgene and phosgenation processes include the methods for producing phosgene, as well as the processes for manufacturing products using phosgene as a raw material. Phosgenation processes are mainly divided into gas-phase and liquid-phase types. Process hazard characteristics: (1) Phosgene is a highly toxic gas; in the event of a leak during storage, transportation, or use, it can cause widespread contamination and poisoning incidents ； (2) The reaction medium poses a fire and explosion hazard ； (3) The by-product hydrogen chloride is corrosive and can easily cause leaks in equipment and pipelines, leading to poisoning incidents among personnel. Typical process: The reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine yields phosgene ； Phosgene synthesis of diphosgene, triphosgene ； Synthesis of polycarbonates using phosgene as a monomer ； Preparation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ； The preparation of 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), etc. Key process parameters to be closely monitored: carbon monoxide, chlorine, and moisture content ； Reactor temperature and pressure ； Ratio of reactant ingredients ； Phosgene feed rate ； The temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc., of the cooling medium in the cooling system. Basic requirements for safety control – Emergency shut-off valves for accidents ； Emergency cooling system ； Reactor temperature and pressure alarm interlock ； Local exhaust ventilation systems ； Toxic gas recovery and treatment system ； Automatic pressure relief device ； Automatic ammonia or alkaline solution spraying device ； Phosgene, chlorine, and carbon monoxide monitoring with over-limit alarm ； Dual power supply. Appropriate control methods: In the event of any abnormalities in the phosgene and phosgenation production systems, or in the case of leaks of phosgene and its highly toxic by-products, emergency shutdown should be triggered via automatic control interlock devices. All materials flowing into and out of the production units must be automatically cut off, the reaction vessels must be cooled down rapidly, and the highly toxic substances contained within the faulty equipment must be directed into dedicated containment tanks. Ammonia water and dilute alkaline solutions should be used for spraying, and the ventilation and gas removal systems should be activated to remove the toxic gases from the affected area and direct them to treatment systems. 　　 2. Electrolysis process (chlor-alkali): The reaction type is an endothermic reaction. Key monitoring units include the electrolyzer and the chlorine storage and transportation units. Process overview: The chemical changes that occur at the two electrodes when an electric current passes through an electrolyte solution or molten electrolyte are known as electrolytic reactions. A process involving electrolytic reactions is an electrolytic process. The production of many basic chemical industry products (hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) is achieved through electrolysis. Process hazard characteristics: (1) Hydrogen generated during the electrolysis of brine is a highly flammable gas, while chlorine is a highly toxic gas with strong oxidizing properties. A mixture of these two gases can easily lead to an explosion; when the hydrogen content in chlorine exceeds 5%, an explosion can occur at any time under exposure to light or heat ； (2) If the level of ammonium salts present in the saline solution is too high, under suitable conditions (pH

Is methane combustion considered a regulated oxidation process?