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Laboratory Coal Type Evaluation Report on the Production of Synthetic Ammonia Feed Gas via Multi-Component Slurry Pressurized Gasification by Huainan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. Northwest Institute of Chemical Technology, September 2006. Approved by: Zhang Yong. Reviewed by: Men Changgui. Examiners: Zheng Huaan, He Genliang, Yuan Shanlu. Prepared by: Zheng Huaan, Yuan Shanlu, Dai Aijun, Ge Qiming. Key participants: Zheng Huaan, Yuan Shanlu, Yu Qiaoyun, Ge Qiming, Dai Aijun, Huang Xiaohong, Li Quan, Dang Huixia, Wang Yanliu, Ren Xiaogou. Abstract: The 300,000 tons per year synthetic ammonia production facility built by Huainan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. uses the multi-component slurry gasification technology developed by the Northwest Institute of Chemical Technology to produce synthetic ammonia feed gas. In accordance with the requirements stipulated in the contract signed by both parties, the Northwest Chemical Research Institute conducted laboratory evaluations of five coal samples provided by Huainan Chemical Group Co., Ltd.: Yima mixed coal, Yima lump coal, Huainan raw coal, Huainan refined coal, and Huating coal. These evaluations were carried out to determine the suitability of these coals as raw materials for the production of synthetic ammonia through pressure gasification of multi-component slurries. Based on coal quality analysis, laboratory slurry preparation and slurry formation performance tests were conducted, and tests on adding fluxes and blending coals were carried out on the available coal types. The main test results are as follows:
Item, Unit: Yima mixed coal, Yima lump coal, Huainan refined coal, Huating coal II, III; Additives and dosage % (based on coal): GHA-6, 0.3; GHA-6, 0.3; GHA-6, 0.3; GHA-6, 0.3; GHA-6, 0.3; GHA-6, 0.3. Fluxes and dosage: CaCO3/A----54%; Particle size distribution % <0.076 mm: 40–50, 40–50, 40–50, 40–50, 40–50, 40–50. Gasification temperature °C: 1420, 1400, 1430, 1400, 1440, 1390. Gasification pressure MPa: 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5. Slurry concentration wt%: 66, 65, 67, 57, 61, 60. Note: In the table, II—Yima mixed coal/Huating coal/Huainan refined coal = 50/40/10; III—Yima mixed coal/Huating coal = 50/50. The results of laboratory tests show that Yima mixed coal and Yima lump coal have a low ash fusion point and a high slurry concentration, making them suitable as raw coal materials for the pressurized gasification of mixed feedstocks to produce syngas. Huainan refined coal has a low ash content, high fixed carbon content and calorific value, as well as a high pulping concentration; however, it has a high ash melting point. By adding fluxes to lower this ash melting point, it can be used in the pressurized gasification of mixed feedstocks to produce syngas. Huating coal has good quality characteristics, but its slurry-forming properties are different from those of historically evaluated coal samples, with a lower slurry concentration. A mixture of Yima mixed coal, Huating coal, and Huainan refined coal in a 50/40/10 ratio, as well as a mixture of Yima mixed coal and Huating coal in a 50/50 ratio, are suitable as raw materials for producing syngas via pressure swing gasification using a multi-component slurry. The raw coal from Huainan has a high pulp concentration, but it also features an extremely high ash content and high ash melting point, making it unsuitable as a raw coal material for the pressure gasification of mixed slurries to produce syngas on its own. Table of Contents 1. Introduction. 1 2. Raw material analysis and evaluation. 1 2.1 Source of raw materials. 1 2.2 Analysis of raw materials. 1 2.3 Evaluation of coal quality. 3 2.4 Laboratory tests to reduce ash fusion point. 5 2.5 Comprehensive evaluation of coal quality. 6 3. Laboratory tests on slurry formation properties. 7 3.1 Determination of coal powder particle size distribution and preparation of slurry in the laboratory. 7 3.2 Methods for testing and analyzing slurry properties. 8 3.3 Tests on slurry formation properties of the blank sample (without additives). 9 3.4 Screening tests for additives and their dosage. 10 3.5 Laboratory tests on slurry formation properties. 14 3.6 Tests on slurry formation properties of blended coals. 19 3.7 Tests on slurry formation properties with the addition of fluxes. 20 4. Rheological properties of slurry. 21 5. Evaluation of slurry formation properties. 22 5.1 Effect of additives on slurry formation properties. 22 5.2 Evaluation of slurry formation properties. 25 6. Conclusions. 26 1. Introduction The 300,000 tons per year ammonia synthesis plant built by Huainan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. uses the multi-component slurry pressurized gasification technology developed by the Northwest Chemical Research Institute to produce ammonia synthesis feed gas. To obtain basic data and criteria for engineering design, the Northwest Chemical Research Institute conducted laboratory tests and evaluations on the raw coal supplied by this company. Our institute conducted coal quality analysis and evaluation on five coal samples provided by Huainan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.: Yima mixed coal, Yima lump coal, Huainan raw coal, Huainan refined coal, and Huating coal. It also carried out the preparation of raw material powders and determined their particle size distribution, as well as performed tests on the preparation of laboratory slurries and their slurry-forming properties. To achieve a rational allocation of coal resources, and given that the raw coal and refined coal from Huainan have high ash fusion points, laboratory tests were conducted on the addition of fluxes and related coal blending methods in order to reduce these ash fusion points. 2. Raw Material Analysis and Evaluation 2.1 Sources of Raw Materials: Coal: Provided by Huainan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.; Additives: Provided by the Northwest Chemical Research Institute; Limestone: Available commercially. 2.2 Raw Material Analysis Our institute conducted coal quality analysis on the five coal samples provided, using the methods specified in GB483-87, GB212-91, GB/T213-1996, GB/T214-1996, GB/T219-1996, GB476-91, GB/T1574-1995, GB1573-89, GB2565-87, GB4632-84, and GB/T211-1996. The results of the raw material analysis are shown in Table 1, and the reaction activity curve of the coal sample is shown in Figure 1. Table 1 Results of raw material analysis
Items, Units: Yima mixed coal, Yima lump coal, Huainan raw coal, Huainan refined coal, Huating coal
Proximate analysis: Moisture Mad wt%: 7.58, 7.69, 2.49, 2.07, 9.79
Ash content Aad wt%: 18.29, 14.36, 38.20, 8.88, 8.24
Volatile matter Vad wt%: 30.72, 31.55, 25.10, 30.95, 33.58
Fixed carbon FCad wt%: 43.41, 46.40, 34.21, 58.10, 48.39
Ultimate analysis: Carbon Cad wt%: 57.42, 60.88, 47.68, 76.37, 64.14
Hydrogen Had wt%: 3.73, 4.01, 3.56, 4.72, 4.25
Nitrogen Nad wt%: 0.67, 0.73, 0.78, 1.22, 0.52
Sulfur St.ad wt%: 0.42, 0.30, 0.23, 0.39, 0.23
Oxygen Oad wt%: 11.89, 12.03, 7.06, 6.35, 12.83
Calorific value Qb.ad KJ/kg: 22610, 2401, 10191, 4031, 25500
Hardgrove grindability index HGI: 62, 56, 67, 67, 59
Ash fusion characteristics: Deformation temperature DT °C: 1170, 1170, 1400, 1430, 1160
Softening temperature ST °C: 1250, 1250, >1500, >1500, 1250
Flow temperature FT °C: 1300, 1280, ----, 1280
Ash composition analysis: SiO2 wt%: 48.08, 46.98, 57.48, 46.72, 38.41
Al2O3 wt%: 20.60, 20.62, 30.50, 36.29, 25.15
Fe2O3 wt%: 6.60, 5.59, 3.86, 5.55, 10.69
CaO wt%: 10.06, 11.87, 1.36, 3.50, 8.97
MgO wt%: 3.61, 4.30, 0.49, 0.87, 4.02
SO3 wt%: 4.08, 3.85, 0.58, 1.54, 4.38
TiO2 wt%: 1.73, 1.70, 2.02, 2.65, 1.82
Reaction reactivity α at 800°C %: 10.5, 11.9, 4.1, 4.9, 11.3
At 850°C %: 23.4, 25.6, 11.7, 8.7, 21.4
At 900°C %: 37.8, 35.4, 22.4, 21.2, 34.4
At 950°C %: 56.4, 41.6, 38.4, 37.8, 51.6
At 1000°C %: 74.1, 68.9, 51.6, 56.2, 68.9
At 1050°C %: 86.1, 82.7, 62.4, 68.5, 81.3
At 1100°C %: 93.8, 91.6, 74.3, 74.9, 90.5

2.3 Evaluation of coal quality
As a raw material for the pressurized entrained-flow gasification of multi-component slurries, the quality of this coal directly affects the slurry-forming properties, gasification performance, economic efficiency, and stability of the gasification plant. Based on the coal quality analysis results, an evaluation of the suitability of the provided coal types for syngas production via pressurized gasification of a mixed slurry was conducted.