The principle of the scrubber tower

I hope this helps; it might not be very detailed. A washing tower consists of a tower body, tray plates, a reboiler, and a condenser. During operation, the reboiler is generally heated by steam, while the condenser uses circulating water for heat transfer. Before use, equilibrium must be established by introducing a relatively pure product component, and its evaporation rate and reflux volume are adjusted using steam and condensate water so that a certain thickness of liquid can accumulate on the tray; this allows for rapid washing action once the mixed gas components are introduced. During use, it is necessary to control several key aspects such as one liquid level, two temperatures, and two pressure differences. That is, the liquid level in the scrubber tower, the gas inlet temperature, the top temperature of the tower, the pressure difference between the towers (the difference between the pressure at the scrubber tower inlet and the pressure at its top), and the pressure difference in the condenser (the difference between the pressure at the tower top and the pressure at the condenser outlet). Generally speaking, the higher the gas inlet temperature, the better, as this prevents impurities from solidifying or liquefying and thus from entering the scrubber tower. However, it should not be too high either, to avoid difficulties in controlling the system due to excessive temperatures. Chemical plants often need to control the temperature while also ensuring an appropriate gas flow rate; in other words, the pressure at the inlet cannot be too low, so that dust can enter the scrubber tower. After the mixed gas is introduced into the washing tower, some of the gas condenses into a liquid and remains in the bottom of the tower. The temperature of the reboiler is adjusted to cause the liquid to evaporate upward, while the condenser is adjusted to send the liquid back to the tower trays, thus establishing an equilibrium. Due to the presence of a certain thickness of liquid on the trays, there is a pressure difference between the sections of the scrubber tower; when adjusting the reboiler and the condenser, it is necessary to keep this pressure difference constant in order to achieve equilibrium. When adjusting the temperature at the top of the tower, it is necessary to prevent the temperature from becoming too high, as this could cause impurities to vaporize or sublimate into gas and thus render the washing function ineffective. However, the condensation temperature should not be too low either, to avoid accumulation of liquid product in the condenser, which could affect its proper operation. While keeping the above points in mind, it is also necessary to adjust the liquid level in the scrubber using a reboiler; to prevent precipitation due to excessive impurity concentrations in the liquid at the bottom of the tower, this level should be increased gradually.