What are the functions of the rotor and stator, where are they located in a motor, and how can they be distinguished from each other?

Take a look; will this help you? In simple terms: both the stator and the rotor are composed of iron cores and windings. The core is made up of stacked silicon steel sheets. The winding consists of thick copper wires, which are covered with insulating material and then coated with epoxy resin. Winding the windings around the core according to certain standards and methods results in the stator and rotor. The stator is equivalent to a wire, while the rotor is an electromagnet. When electricity is applied to the rotor, it rotates driven by the prime mover, creating a rotating magnetic field. Relatively speaking, when this wire (stator) cuts through this rotating magnetic field (rotor), an induced electromotive force is generated in the wire; and when a switch closes this wire, current will flow through it. Strictly speaking, there is a magnetic field on both the stator and the rotor. The difference is that the rotor generates magnetism through electricity, while the stator generates electricity through magnetism. General term: armature magnetic field

They are essential components used in electric motors; they are all necessary for rotating the drive shaft. The stator is fixedly mounted on the housing, and usually coils are wound around the stator； The rotor is mounted and fixed to the frame through bearings or shaft sleeves. It consists of silicon steel sheets, and the rotor of a DC motor also has coils around it. When both are in operation, the current flowing through the coils generates magnetic fields in the silicon steel sheets of the stator and rotor, and it is these magnetic fields that drive the rotor to rotate. The stator is the stationary part of the electric motor. The stator consists of three parts: the stator core, the stator windings, and the frame. The main function of the stator is to generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotor is the rotating part of the motor. It consists of a shaft, a rotor core, and a rotor winding. The rotor is equipped with excitation windings; when an excitation current is applied, the rotor rotates due to the driving force, thereby generating an alternating magnetic field. The three-phase windings of the stator successively cut through these magnetic flux lines, which induces alternating electromotive forces of equal magnitude but with a 120° electrical angle difference between them.

It was explained very clearly upstairs. Simply put, the moving part is the rotor, while the stationary part is the stator

What is the pump supposed to do with this magnetic field? Isn’t it driven directly by electricity?

A pump is driven by an electric motor, which consists of a stator and a rotor