Safety Operation and Maintenance Procedures for Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps (Type 2X)

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(1) Rotary vane vacuum pumps should be installed in dry, well-ventilated, and clean locations. (2) Under normal circumstances, a rotary vane vacuum pump does not need to be secured to a foundation with anchor bolts, but it must be placed firmly to avoid vibration; if it is mounted on a frame, the bolts must be tightened. (3) Connect the power supply in accordance with the specifications on the motor’s nameplate, install a ground wire and a fuse of appropriate capacity, and fit a thermal relay suitable for the motor. The motor should rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows on the pump. (4) When installing the motor V-belt, it should be of appropriate tightness, allowing it to move slightly. (5) Before powering on, unscrew the filling screw on the fuel tank and pour clean mechanical vacuum pump oil up to the center of the oil sight glass. (6) For pumps installed for the first time, a trial run should be conducted to check for vibrations caused by uneven installation during operation. If the vibration is severe, it should be adjusted. (7) To check the ultimate vacuum of a rotary vane vacuum pump, it is necessary to use test methods that comply with relevant standards. The pump should not be connected to any container, and once the temperature has stabilized, a compression vacuum gauge should be used to measure the stable lowest partial pressure at the pump outlet. The total pressure has a significant influence on these readings; professional standards provide guidelines for this purpose. The system can only be installed after all the parameters meet the specified standards. (8) The diameter of the pipe connecting the container to be evacuated shall not be larger than the inlet diameter; the pipe should be short and the elbows should be small to prevent airflow obstruction. The installed pipes and fittings must ensure reliable sealing with no leaks, and when using vacuum hoses, their interiors must be cleaned thoroughly. (9) When it is necessary to use or extract acidic gases, gases containing large amounts of steam, gases with excessively high temperatures, and dusty gases, appropriate devices such as coolers and filters should be installed on the inlet pipelines; otherwise, it will inevitably affect the performance and lifespan of the pump. (10) If the gas discharged by the pump has an impact on human health or the working environment, a rubber tube can be fitted over the exhaust pipe for small pumps; for large pumps, the exhaust cap can be removed and replaced with a pipe to discharge the gas, and this should be done at a distance from the workplace. (11) The area surrounding the pump room where the pump is used should be kept clean at all times to prevent debris from entering the pump. (12) When the pump is operating for extended periods, pay attention to the proper tension of the drive belt and adjust it as necessary. (13) Vacuum pump oils of different grades must not be mixed together. (14) The cleanliness of the oil in a rotary vane pump has a significant impact on its vacuum level; this aspect should be monitored regularly. For new pumps, it is necessary to change the oil after about 200 hours of operation. Thereafter, the oil generally needs to be replaced after pumping dry gases for approximately 1000–1500 hours. When pumping gases containing steam, the oil replacement interval should be shortened as appropriate. (15) To replace the oil, first run the vacuum pump for 30 minutes to thin the oil. Stop the pump, unscrew the drain plug, and rotate the pump impeller to discharge all the dirty oil from the pump chamber. Then pour in 300 mL of new oil through the intake port, continue rotating the impeller 5–8 times to clean the interior. Repeat this process 2–4 times until the area is clean; afterward, drain all the dirty oil, reinstall the drain plug, and fill the pump with new oil up to the center of the oil gauge, then tighten the filler plug. (16) If the pump is not to be used for an extended period, it should be cleaned of debris in advance, coated with rust preventive oil, and its inlet and outlet rubber gaskets sealed to prevent dirt from entering the pump. (17) If the vacuum pump operates for a long time and, as a result of wear and tear, replacing it with new pump oil no longer meets the requirements, maintenance must be carried out and all components cleaned; in such cases, high-grade gasoline or anhydrous alcohol should be used, rather than ordinary kerosene. When cleaning, make sure to clear all the oil inlet holes. After cleaning, it must be dried before assembly can take place. No components should be omitted during installation, and it must be installed in its original position. Only mechanical vacuum pump oil is allowed to be used as lubricant for the transmission parts. (18) It is strictly prohibited to load in iron filings, sand, mud, and dust. (19) All fasteners must be tightened securely; there should be no looseness. After assembly, rotate the pump impeller by hand – it should turn smoothly without any resistance or unevenness. An inspection and test run are required after assembly; generally, the test run should last 4 to 6 hours with no abnormal noises such as impacts. The vacuum level should also be checked, and the device can be put into official use only if it meets the specified standards. (20) This pump is a basic device used to evacuate gas from a sealed container to create a vacuum. It can be used alone, or as a forepump and pre-pump for various high-vacuum systems. (21) The pump’s air intake must not remain continuously exposed to the atmosphere for more than 3 minutes. (22) The pump may operate continuously for an extended period under conditions of an ambient temperature ranging from 5 to 40°C and an inlet pressure of less than 1330 Pa.