Assessment Questions on the Construction of a Dual Prevention System

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Assessment Questions for the Construction of a Dual Prevention System I. Fill-in-the-blank questions 1. By establishing and improving a system for classifying and managing work safety risks, a system for identifying and addressing potential hazards, as well as an information system for work safety, it is possible to achieve (moving control points earlier in the process), precise supervision, (addressing issues at their source), and scientific prevention. 2. Risk is the combination of the (likelihood) and (severity) of the occurrence of work-related accidents or health hazards. 3. Common risk assessment methods include: (Job Hazard Analysis Method – LEC method), (Job Hazard Identification Method – JHA method), (Risk Severity Assessment Method – MES method), (Fault Tree Analysis Method – FTA method), etc. 4. The risk levels are temporarily designated as four grades: “red, orange, yellow, blue,” with (red) being the highest level. 5. Potential accident hazards refer to those (dangerous conditions of objects), (unsafe human behaviors), and (management deficiencies) that may lead to accidents in production and business operations, resulting from a production and business entity’s violation of laws, regulations, rules, standards, procedures, and safety management systems related to work safety, or due to other factors. 6. In accordance with Article 35 of the “Regulations on the Primary Responsibilities of Production and Business Entities for Work Safety in Shandong Province” (Provincial Order No. 303), if a production or business entity fails to report its plan for rectifying major safety hazards as required, the department responsible for work safety supervision shall order it to make corrections within a specified time limit. A fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan may be imposed; additionally, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan shall be imposed on the principal person in charge of the entity ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the party shall be ordered to make rectifications within a set deadline; a fine of between 20,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan may be imposed, and a fine of between 10,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on its principal responsible persons. 7. Enterprises should establish a safety risk notification system, set up safety risk bulletin boards in prominent locations and key areas, and prepare job-specific safety risk information cards that indicate details such as (major safety risks), (types of potential accident hazards), consequences of accidents, (control measures), (emergency response measures), and methods for reporting. 8. Enterprises should establish a leadership organization for the identification and resolution of potential hazards, defining the responsible departments and individuals. The principal person in charge of the enterprise is fully responsible for the identification and resolution of hazards within the company, while other responsible persons are accountable for such tasks within their respective departments and units. Each functional department and unit is responsible for carrying out hazard identification and resolution activities within its area of responsibility. 9. The management of potential hazards shall comply with the requirements of Article 7.4.1 of DB37/T 2883-2016, and it is necessary to ensure that the corrective measures, (responsibilities), (funding), (time limits) and emergency plans are all in place. 10. Enterprises should determine different levels of inspection organizations based on their own organizational structure, which generally include the company level, (department level), (workshop level), and team level. II. Single-choice Questions (55 questions) 1. ( ) is the core of enterprise safety management. A. Accident control B. Risk management C. Hazard identification D. Safety training
2. The identified risk points should be classified into levels. Based on their degree of danger and the severity of potential consequences, risks are divided into ( ) levels, among which level ( ) is the most dangerous. A.5, 1 B.4, 1 C.5, 5 D.4, 4. Which level has the highest risk level? A. Red B. Orange C. Yellow D. Blue 4. Risk classification and control should follow the principle that the higher the risk, the higher the level of control; accordingly, ( ) should be identified as entities responsible for managing high-risk, medium-risk, low-risk, and minimal-risk situations. A. Company, workshop, team, position B. Company, department, workshop, team C. Company, specialty, workshop, position 5. A hazard refers to a source, condition, or behavior that may cause personal injury and/or ( ) and/or property damage, or a combination of these. A. Mental harm B. Health impairment C. Physical and mental harm D. Psychological harm 6. Hazard sources can be referred to as dangerous and harmful factors, and they are classified into four categories: human factors, physical factors, ( ), and management factors. A. Individual behavior B. Human factors C. Environmental factors D. Light factors 7. Risk refers to the combination of the likelihood of an industrial safety accident or health hazard occurring and ( ). A. Severity B. Adaptability C. Necessity D. Limitation 8. ( ) is the foundation of risk management. A. Risk analysis B. Risk assessment C. Identification of risk points D. Risk classification 9. When selecting risk control measures, enterprises should consider: ( ). A. Feasibility, safety, reliability
B. Necessity, practicality, safety
C. Safety, necessity, reliability
D. Economy, safety, practicality
10. The specific contents of the risk assessment criteria for each enterprise should ( ). A. It should be unified. B. Industries within the same sector should be unified. C. Each department should determine it on its own; there is no need for uniformity. D. It depends on the actual situation of the enterprise as well as relevant laws and regulations. 11. （ ） bears the primary responsibility for establishing and implementing systems for managing safety risks and addressing potential hazards. A. Enterprises B. Intermediary agencies C. Safety supervision departments D. Principal persons in charge. 12. Enterprises should establish a leading group for the construction of a safety production risk classification and control system, with ( ) as the team leader. A. Principal person in charge B. Person in charge of safety C. Head of the safety department 13. Risk information encompasses a combination of various details such as the name and type of the hazard, its location, current status, the level of associated risk, required control measures, and ( ). A. Grassroots units, responsible persons B. Units where they are located, responsible persons C. Responsible units, responsible persons D. Units at all levels, responsible persons 14. The four stages of the risk classification and control process include hazard identification, hazard classification, risk control, and ( ). A. Effect verification B. Effect verification and updating C. Effect evaluation D. Effect verification and evaluation 15. Risk classification involves conducting a qualitative or quantitative assessment of the risks associated with hazard sources using scientific and reasonable methods, with levels being determined based on ( ). A. Risk assessment B. Assessment conclusions C. Assessment results D. Risk evaluation 16. The basic principles of risk classification and control: ( ). A. The greater the risk, the higher the level of control ； The risks that are under the responsibility of higher-level authorities must also be managed by lower-level authorities, with specific measures to be implemented at each level. B. The lower the risk, the higher the control level ； The risks that are under the responsibility of higher-level authorities must also be managed by lower-level authorities, with specific measures to be implemented at each level. C. The greater the risk, the lower the control level ； The risks that are under the responsibility of higher-level authorities must also be managed by lower-level authorities, with specific measures to be implemented at each level. D. The greater the risk, the higher the control level ； Risks that are the responsibility of subordinates must also be managed by their superiors, with specific measures implemented at each level. 17. Enterprises should display safety risk notification boards at each workstation, indicating information such as the name and level of the risk points, the name and level of the hazard sources, the type or consequences of accidents, control measures, the level of control, the responsible unit, the responsible person, and ( ). The risk levels are labeled in red, orange, yellow, and blue respectively. A. Emergency plan B. Emergency phone number C. Contact information 18. Enterprises should set up safety risk notification boards in prominent locations for ( ). A. Level 1 risk points B. Level 2 risk points C. Level 3 risk points 19. For those identified as high-risk, when formulating risk control measures, ( ) risk control methods should be adopted as much as possible, along with multi-level control. A. Higher level B. Matched C. Same level 20. The training and education system for the hierarchical risk control system in work safety should specify that employees in respective positions are obligated to be familiar with ( ). A. Risk points and hazard sources associated with this position B. Hazard sources at this position and the corresponding control measures C. Hazard sources at this position and the relevant levels of control 21. The implementation phase of building a system for hierarchical management of work safety risks includes four steps: publicity and mobilization, study of laws and regulations, ( ), and assignment of responsibilities. A. Exams B. Training C. Education 22. The classification of hazard sources follows the principle of ( ), with each hazard source being classified accordingly. A. Combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches B. Quantitative calculations C. Qualitative analysis 23. During the phase of implementing the division of tasks for building a risk classification and control system, enterprises must, in accordance with the responsibilities of various functional departments, teams, and positions, and based on their own implementation plan for establishing such a risk classification and control system, carry out tasks such as identifying risk points, recognizing hazard sources, formulating control measures, and ( ). A. Establish a responsibility system for risk control. B. Prepare a list of risk control items. C. Develop a plan for managing risk points. 24. The training content for building a risk classification and control system should include the responsibilities of personnel at various levels in relation to system construction, implementation plans for system construction, operating procedures, relevant concepts, and ( ). A. Methods for identifying risk points B. Methods for identifying hazard sources C. Methods for identifying and assessing risks 25. The specialized team responsible for the establishment of a system for hierarchical control of work safety risks is in charge of classifying risk points within its area of expertise, ( ), as well as determining risk levels and formulating control measures. A. Hazard source classification B. Hazard source investigation C. Hazard source identification 26. The operation of an enterprise’s system for identifying and addressing potential hazards in production safety involves 4 steps, including ( ). A. Identification of hazards, compilation of hazard lists, treatment of hazards, and acceptance of the treatment results B. Detection of hazards, compilation of hazard lists, treatment of hazards, and acceptance of the treatment results C. Detection of hazards, classification of hazards, treatment of hazards, and acceptance of the treatment results 27. Comprehensive hazard detection should be organized at the company level at least ( ) times ； The workshop shall conduct inspections in conjunction with the post responsibility system, at least ( ) times. A. Monthly, weekly B. Monthly, daily C. Quarterly, monthly D. Quarterly, weekly 28. The system for building a risk classification and control framework includes ( ). A. Risk classification and control system, training and education system, operation management assessment system, continuous improvement management system. B. Project implementation plan for system construction, risk classification and control system, training and education system, operation management assessment system, continuous improvement management system. C. Project implementation plan for system construction, risk classification and control system, training and education system, operation management assessment system. 29. Responsibilities of the working group responsible for building the safety production risk classification and control system: First, to be responsible for identifying risk points, determining hazard sources, classifying risks, and formulating control measures within the scope of this working group ； Second, it is necessary to carry out the specific tasks related to the establishment of a risk classification and control system, to ensure that all potential risk points within the relevant scope are identified, and to report regularly on the progress of these efforts to the leadership team responsible for building the risk classification and control system ； Thirdly, ( ). A. Develop standards for identifying risks in all positions and work areas, and organize training for employees to ensure these standards are implemented. B. Develop standards for identifying risks in the positions and work areas under one’s responsibility, and organize training for employees to ensure these standards are implemented. C. Develop forms for identifying risks in the positions and work areas under one’s responsibility, and organize training for employees to ensure these forms are used. 30. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. By establishing a system for identifying and addressing potential risks, enterprises can ensure that their risk control measures are comprehensive, continuous, and effective. B. Through the establishment of a system for identifying and addressing potential risks, a company’s ability to manage risks is strengthened and improved. C. The level of occupational health management has been improved through the establishment of a system for identifying and addressing potential hazards. D. Through the establishment of a system for identifying and addressing potential hazards, enterprises can achieve zero risk and zero accidents. 31. Criteria for determining safety risk levels and control measures: For risks that need to be reduced, urgent actions should be taken to lower them; operation control procedures should be established, and risk levels should be regularly checked, measured, and evaluated as ( ). A. Significant risk B. Critical risk C. Moderate risk D. Low risk 32. Criteria for determining safety risk levels and control measures: Minor risks are acceptable or tolerable risks, and no control measures are required; the duration for which records need to be kept corresponds to what risk level? A. Level 3 B. Level 2 C. Level 4 D. Level 5 33. The LEC method is used for risk classification; what is the color representing medium-level risks? A. Red B. Orange C. Yellow D. Blue 34. Risk level 1 (red risk): Unacceptable, extremely high risk, highly dangerous, ( ). A. No immediate rectification is required; operations can continue. B. Immediate rectification is required; operations may continue. C. After formulating a corrective action plan, operations can resume. D. Immediate rectification is required; operations must not continue. 35. Risk levels 3 and 4 can be supervised at the ( ) level, with control carried out by teams and workshops ； Level 4 can be managed by teams or positions, or it can be ignored directly due to its low risk. A. Company B. Team C. Workshop D. Position 36. Enterprises should, based on the level at which inspections are organized, and taking into account the characteristics of risk points and hazards, determine an inspection approach that suits the actual conditions of the enterprise. A. Responsible person B. Cycle C. Content 37. Regarding the tasks of identifying potential hazards in workshops and teams, priority can be given to certain aspects based on factors such as the number of hazards in the respective areas, their risk level, and their distribution; emphasis should be placed on ( ), and it is necessary to ensure that all risk points and hazard sources within those areas are under monitoring. A. Identification of potential hazards in areas with low risk B. Identification of potential hazards in areas with high risk C. Identification of potential hazards in areas with high risk D. Identification of potential hazards in areas with low risk 38. Identifying risk points: Determining the locations, （ ）， equipment, facilities, or areas associated with risks. A. Direction B. Location C. Place D. Position 39. Criteria for determining safety risk levels and control measures: For moderate risk, actions/control measures should be taken ( ). A. For risks that require special control, it is advisable to set objectives, establish operating procedures, and enhance training and communication. B. Operations must be stopped immediately; work cannot continue until measures are taken to reduce the hazards, and the improvement measures must be evaluated. C. Risks that need to be mitigated: urgent measures should be taken to reduce these risks, operating control procedures should be established, and regular inspections, measurements, and evaluations should be conducted. D. Acceptable or tolerable risk, no control measures required. 40. The Job Hazard Analysis method can comprehensively identify all possible risks and take corresponding control measures for them. A. Operational activities B. Equipment and facilities C. Safety facilities D. Process operations 41. When using the Safety Checklist Method (SCL method) for hazard identification, it is generally applied to ( ). A. Operational activities B. Equipment and facilities C. Environmental factors D. Management factors 42. When the risk score determined through the hazard assessment of operational conditions is greater than ( ), it represents a significant hazard that requires corrective action. A.70 B.160 C.320 D.5043. Industrial and trade enterprises should, in accordance with the principle of risk point classification, conduct a review of risk points throughout the entire production process within their own production areas. They need to identify basic information such as the name of the risk points, their type, their location, the types of accidents that may occur, and the consequences thereof, in order to establish ( ). A. Risk statistics table B. List of operational activities C. Hazard source statistics table D. List of equipment and facilities 44. Which of the following risk analysis methods are not suitable for use by industrial and trade enterprises? A. Risk Matrix Analysis Method (LS) B. Job Condition Hazard Analysis Method (LEC) C. Risk Severity Analysis Method (MES) D. Operability Analysis Method (√HAZOP) 45. In the Risk Severity Analysis Method (MES), what score should be assigned to “exposure during working hours per day”? A.1 B.3 C.6 D.1046. Among the risk control measures, which of the following do not belong to engineering control measures? A. Eliminate or reduce hazards B. Isolate C. Remove or redirect D. Reduce exposure time. 47. Enterprises should, based on the characteristics of their organizational structure and in conjunction with the classification levels of the risk management system, determine appropriate methods for identifying potential hazards that suit their specific circumstances; they should then check the implementation of all risk management measures at the corresponding classification levels. A. Responsible person B. Responsible unit C. Entity 48. The training and education system for the safety production risk classification and control system should clarify the responsibilities of each grassroots unit in implementing ( ). A. Develop training plans and organize employees to study content related to risk classification and control. B. Develop training plans and organize employees to identify risks. C. Develop training plans and organize employees to recognize risks. 49. What category of risk control measure does emergency rescue plan drilling fall under? A. Rescue control measures B. Management control measures C. Emergency control measures D. Drill control measures 50. Which of the following types of hazard identification is at the team level? A. Routine hazard inspection B. Comprehensive hazard inspection C. Specialized hazard inspection D. Hazard inspection during holidays 51. Which of the following risk control measures belong to engineering and technical measures? A. Closed sampling system B. Provision of emergency supplies C. Development of standard operating procedures 52. Which of the following is not a risk control measure? A. Engineering control measures B. Emergency response measures C. Medical assistance measures 53. Among the following records, which one contains the most comprehensive risk information? A. Risk point registration ledger B. Risk classification and control list C. Risk analysis and evaluation records 54. Which of the following does not belong to the category of basic management-related hazards? A. Accident management B. Contractor management C. Occupational health and safety facilities 55. The requirements for identifying potential hazards do not include ( ). A. Comprehensive coverage B. Full participation of all staff C. Responsibility assigned to specific units. II. Multiple-choice questions (30 questions) 1. A hazard is something that can cause physical injury and/or health damage and/or property loss, which can be a ( ), or a combination of such things. A. Root cause B. State C. Behavior D. Environment 2. Potential accident hazards refer to ( ) that exist in production and business activities and may lead to accidents or exacerbate their consequences. A. Hazardous state of objects B. Unsafe human behaviors C. Management deficiencies D. Environmental deficiencies 3. Hazard sources can be referred to as hazardous factors, and they are classified into four categories: ( ) and environmental factors. A. Human factors B. Physical factors C. Management factors D. Social factors 4. The risk classification and control procedure includes the following stages ( ). A. Hazard identification B. Risk assessment C. Risk control D. Risk training 5. The main contents of risk assessment include ( ). A. What types of accidents may occur? B. Analyze the hazard factors present in the production and operation units to identify potential accident sources. C. Analyze the possible types of accidents and their consequences, as well as any secondary or derivative accidents that might arise. D. Assess the severity of the accidents and their impact scope, and propose risk prevention and control measures. 6. In determining major accident hazards, two key points must be considered: \"significant harm\" and \"high difficulty in rectification\". If any of the following circumstances occurs at a workplace, it may be treated as a major potential hazard for rectification. A. The warehouse and employee dormitories are in the same building. B. Leaks, drips, and other issues with material pipelines. C. Electrical equipment (motors, lights, switches, etc.) in areas prone to explosions and fires is not explosion-proof. D. Drinking water in the production area. 7. Potential hazards at the production site related to employees’ operating behaviors include: ( ). A. Failure to operate in accordance with the operating procedures B. Failure to abide by labor discipline C. Failure to wear protective equipment as required D. Failure to undergo three-level safety training 8. The main methods for identifying potential hazards include ( ). A. Comprehensive inspection B. Specialized inspection C. Holiday inspection D. Seasonal inspection E. Daily inspection 9. The main types of hazard identification include ( ). A. Comprehensive hidden danger inspections
B. Professional hidden danger inspections
C. Risk point inspections
D. Expert diagnostic inspections and inspections of the performance of responsible persons at all levels within the enterprise, etc.
10. The scope of hidden danger inspections in enterprises should include all aspects related to production and operations ( ). A. Location B. Environment C. Personnel D. Equipment and facilities E. Activities 11. The identification of risk points should be carried out using ( ) or a combination of the above methods. A. Stages of the production (work) process
B. Locations, areas
C. Equipment, facilities
D. Operational activities
12. The basis for preparing a safety checklist includes ( ). A. Relevant regulations, standards, norms, and provisions B. Domestic and international accident cases as well as past accident records of enterprises C. Hazardous areas identified through systematic analysis and corresponding preventive measures D. The experience of analysts and reliable reference materials E. Checklists from the same industry or similar industries 13. The categories of risk control measures include ( ). A. Engineering and technical measures B. Management measures C. Training and education measures D. Personal protective measures E. Emergency response measures 14. The main bases for identifying potential hazards are ( ). A. Requirements of relevant laws and regulations B. Technical standards C. Summaries of lessons learned from accidents D. The enterprise’s objectives for safe production. 15. The management of potential hazards follows the principles of hierarchical handling and categorized implementation, which mainly include: ( ). A. Position correction B. Team management C. Workshop and department management D. Corporate management 16. Through the establishment of the “two systems,” enterprises should achieve the following ( ) outcomes. A. Prepare implementation guidelines for the two systems; B. Formulate an implementation plan for establishing the “two systems”; C. Summary table of risk assessment and control measures; D. List of hazard sources. 17. The basic principles for risk classification and control may include the following aspects ( ). A. Each control measure should be reviewed to determine its feasibility and effectiveness. B. In the event of deficiencies or failures, improvement measures should be established to reduce risks. C. For the risks under the control of higher-level authorities, lower-level authorities shall also be responsible for managing them, with specific measures to be implemented at each level. D. In light of the organizational structure of the unit, it is necessary to reasonably determine the levels of risk control. 18. According to the Job Hazard Analysis and Evaluation Method for determining safety risk levels, if the risk value is 162 points, then this hazard source ( ). A. It falls under the category of high risk. B. Urgent measures should be taken to reduce risks, operational control procedures should be established, and regular inspections, measurements, and evaluations should be carried out. C. Rectification is required immediately or in the near future. D. It is possible to establish operating procedures and work instructions, but regular inspections are still necessary. 19. Which of the following situations can be considered a major risk? A. Violation of laws, regulations, and mandatory provisions in **standards.
B. Incidents involving deaths, serious injuries, occupational diseases, or significant property damage have occurred, and the conditions conducive to such incidents still exist.
C. Involvement with major hazard sources.
D. Risks determined to be at the highest level following a risk assessment.
20. Enterprises should promptly update the content related to hidden hazard identification and rectification based on the following ( ) circumstances. A. Changes or updates to laws, regulations, and standard procedures B. Changes in the company’s organizational structure and safety management mechanisms C. Changes in the company’s production processes, additions or reductions in equipment and facilities, as well as changes in the raw materials and auxiliary materials used D. The need for feedback regarding accidents, emergencies, or the results of emergency plan drills. 21. Hazard identification should take full account of the ( ) of the hazards. A. Possibilities B. Causes and nature C. Energy and matter D. Consequences 22. Which of the following ( ) measures are management measures? A. Safety training B. Formulating operating procedures C. Sealing off facilities or locations that generate or cause hazards D. Installing emission controls at hazardous and toxic enterprises. 23. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA method) should be carried out according to the following ( ) steps. A. Identify the production sites and areas for the work hazard analysis, and carry out the classification of processes (including an analysis of operations in auxiliary facilities). B. Conduct a job content analysis for each process to identify the types of hazards that may arise from performing each task. C. Identify the remaining deficiencies in the risk control measures that have already been implemented, as well as the control measures that have not yet been taken, and propose corresponding compensatory measures. D. For the items identified as major risks in the results of the job hazard analysis, or those with significant deficiencies in control measures, the enterprise formulates objectives and management plans and implements them, thereby achieving the goal of ensuring safe production. 24. The root cause of the accident is ( ). A. Failure to fulfill the enterprise’s primary responsibilities. B. Inadequate systematic management of safety processes. C. Non-compliance with rules and regulations. D. Lack of professionals skilled in safety management within the enterprise. E. Weaknesses in the enterprise’s own safety training programs. 25. Cities, counties (cities, districts) should **organize relevant departments to urge enterprises to conduct thorough inspections of all potential risk factors that could lead to accidents, including those related to production systems, equipment and facilities, pipelines, operational procedures, mine voids, construction sites, and other such areas. A. Urban waste landfills B. Safety management C. Environmental conditions D. Occupational health 26. Risk control measures should be reviewed in relation to the following ( ) aspects before implementation. A. Feasibility of the measures B. Effectiveness of the measures C. Whether the risk is reduced to an acceptable level D. Whether new sources of hazard or harmful factors are created. 27. The ( ) standards for the occurrence of accidents (incidents) should be established based on the actual acceptable risk levels of the enterprise, with clear criteria for risk assessment, in order to accurately determine the risk level. A. Probability B. Severity C. Exposure time D. Risk level. Option 28: The resolution of potential hazards should be carried out using scientific methods and completed on time. Hazards that can be rectified immediately must be addressed right away. For those that cannot be fixed promptly, preventive measures need to be developed before taking action to control them, and monitoring responsibilities must be established to prevent these hazards from turning into accidents. A. Funds in place B. Timely and effective governance C. Formulation of a remediation plan D. Clear assignment of responsibilities 29. Which of the following constitutes a major hazard? A. Those that violate relevant laws and regulations, require a long time for rectification, or may cause serious harm. B. Those involving major hazard sources. C. Sites with risks such as poisoning, explosion, or fire, where there are 10 or more workers. D. Those with a high degree of hazard and difficulty in rectification, and cannot be fixed within a certain period of time. 30. The plan for addressing major accident hazards should include the following main contents ( ). A. Goals and tasks of governance, methods and measures to be adopted ； B. Provision of funds and materials ； Agencies and personnel responsible for governance ； C. Time limits and requirements for governance ； D. Emergency plans or safety measures to prevent accidents during the rectification period. III. True or False Questions (80 questions) (Red for correct, Black for incorrect) 1. The scope of hazard identification includes unsafe human behaviors and unsafe conditions of objects. (✖) 2. There are both connections and essential differences between risks and hazard sources. Risk is the carrier of hazard sources; without risk, there are no hazard sources. (✖) 3. Any hazard is accompanied by risk. It’s just that different hazard sources come with varying levels of risk. ( ✔ ) 4. Identifying risk points is the foundation of risk management. Identify and evaluate the various hazard sources or hazardous factors within the risk areas, and determine the risk level based on the evaluation results and risk assessment criteria. ( ✔ ) 5. The higher the risk level, the greater the danger associated with that system. (✔) 6. Risks cannot be avoided, but they vary in magnitude. ( ✔ ) 7. Hidden danger information refers to the general term for information including the name of the hidden danger, its location, a description of its status, the possible consequences and their severity, the objectives for addressing it, the measures to be taken, the allocation of responsibilities, and the deadline for resolving it. ( ✔ ) 8. The grading of potential hazards is determined based on the difficulty of rectifying, addressing, and eliminating such hazards, as well as the consequences of accidents they may cause and the scope of their impact. (✔) 9. If the likelihood or frequency of an event occurring is high, we can consider the risk associated with that event to be high as well. (✖) 10. If the possible consequences of an event can result in injuries or deaths among multiple people, we can consider the risk associated with this event to be high. (✖) 11. Risk identification is the process of identifying all risks present throughout an organization and determining their characteristics. (✔) 12. Risk assessment is a process of evaluating the risks posed by hazard sources and considering the adequacy of existing control measures. (✖) 13. The basic principle of risk classification and control is: the greater the risk, the higher the level of control required ； For the risks under the control of higher-level authorities, lower-level units do not need to manage them, but must implement specific measures. (✖) 14. Risk control measures refer to the control methods and approaches adopted by an enterprise to reduce risks to an acceptable level. ( ✔ ) 15. In the Job Hazard Analysis method, the lower the D value, the greater the risk associated with the system being evaluated. (✖) 16. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a quantitative risk analysis and identification method. (✖) 17. The basis for developing the Safety Checklist (SCL) includes accident statistics from domestic and international industries and enterprises, as well as lessons learned. ( ✔ ) 18. Both the Risk Matrix Analysis method (LS) and the Job Safety Analysis method (LEC) are semi-quantitative risk assessment methods. ( ✔ ) 19. The safety checklist method is a quantitative risk analysis and identification technique. It involves listing a series of items on a checklist for analysis, in order to determine whether the condition of a system or facility meets safety requirements. By conducting this check, risks present within the system can be identified, and improvements can be suggested. (✖) 20. Job Hazard Analysis is a qualitative risk analysis and identification method; it is a risk identification technique based on work activities, used to effectively identify unsafe human behaviors, unsafe conditions of equipment and materials, unsafe environmental factors, as well as management deficiencies. ( ✔ ) 21. Level 1 risk points represent serious hazards, and production should be halted immediately for rectification. (✖) 22. General hazards, due to their relatively minor impact and lower difficulty in rectification, can be left unaddressed for the time being. (✖) 23. For general accident hazards, depending on the classification of hazard mitigation, the persons in charge at various levels of the enterprise (company, workshop, department, team, etc.) or relevant staff are responsible for organizing the corrective actions, and a designated person must be assigned to verify the progress of these actions. (✔) 24. Major hazards refer to those that pose significant risks and are difficult to rectify; they cannot be eliminated immediately, require the suspension of all or part of operations, and need to be addressed through a period of time before they can be removed. ( ✔ ) 25. A major hazard is definitely a major risk, but a major risk is not necessarily a major hazard. ( ✔ ) 26. For the problems identified, the \"five aspects\" must be ensured, namely: corrective measures, responsibilities, funding, time limits, and contingency plans. ( ✔ ) 27. The purpose of enterprises carrying out risk management and control is to achieve zero risks, eliminate or reduce various potential hazards, and decrease the occurrence of production safety accidents. (✖) 28. Enterprises should designate the appropriate responsible units and personnel for addressing hazards based on their severity level, with the goal of eliminating those hazards completely. (✖) 29. Everyone, from frontline employees to the highest levels of management in an enterprise, should be involved in identifying and addressing potential hazards. ( ✔ ) 30. Company-level hazard inspections are the responsibility of the company’s chief safety officer, with the safety management department being responsible for their actual implementation. (✖) 31. Enterprises should establish an additional safety management system on top of the general rules and detailed regulations, so that these two systems can be applied throughout the entire process of production and business operations, becoming an important part of the daily work at all levels and in all positions within the enterprise. (✖) 32. Hazard identification primarily refers to the process by which intermediary agencies and enterprise safety management personnel, in accordance with **laws, regulations, standards, and corporate management systems, use various methods to assess the effective implementation of risk classification and control measures, thereby identifying potential accident hazards within their own organizations. (✖) 33. The levels of risk control can be increased or merged. Enterprises should, in accordance with the basic principles of risk classification and control, and taking into account the organizational structure of the enterprise itself, determine appropriately the levels of control for different risks. (✔) 34. Continuously and effectively carrying out risk management and control work: Identifying risk points is the foundation. It is necessary to identify and evaluate various hazard sources or harmful factors within those risk points, determine the risk level based on the evaluation results and risk assessment criteria, and then implement different control measures. This constitutes the core of risk management and control. ( ✔ ) 35. Acceptable risk refers to a risk that has been reduced by the enterprise to an acceptable level in accordance with its legal obligations and occupational health and safety policies. ( ✔ ) 36. Enterprises should, based on all the control measures for the various risks identified as well as the basic requirements for safety management, prepare a list covering all items that need to be checked. ( ✔ ) 37. The checklist for identifying potential hazards at the production site should include, at a minimum, the names of the equipment and facilities as well as the operations related to each risk point, along with the details of the inspection process, the standards to be used, and the methods employed for such inspections. (✔) 38. Control measures for hazard sources related to equipment and facilities include alarms, interlocks, safety valves, measuring instruments for level, temperature, pressure, etc., control facilities, as well as routine management measures such as fire protection, inspections, and tests. ( ✔ ) 39. The control measures for hazard sources related to operational activities should include aspects such as the completeness of systems, the rationality of management processes, the controllability of the working environment, the good condition of the objects being worked on, and the competence of the workers. (✔) 40. Engineering control measures include emergency shut-off devices, sealed sampling systems, establishment of standard operating procedures, monitoring, interlocks, alarms, etc. (✖) 41. Risk control measures should identify existing control measures from aspects such as engineering (or engineering control) measures, management measures, training and education, personal protective equipment, and emergency response, and assess the effectiveness of these measures. ( ✔ ) 42. Hazards that can be rectified immediately must be done so right away. For those hazards that cannot be fixed promptly, monitoring and preventive measures need to be developed before taking action to address them, and responsibilities for monitoring must be assigned. ( ✔ ) 43. The management of potential hazards should involve scientific methods, adequate funding, timely and effective treatment, clear assignment of responsibilities, and completion on schedule. Serious accident hazards must be rectified immediately, while minor accident hazards can have their rectification postponed. (✖) 44. The recommended measures for addressing potential hazards should follow the principle of \"management first, engineering second, and protection as a supplement.\" (✖) 45. The fact that special operation personnel do not possess the required certification constitutes a hazard in production environments. (✖) 46. Changes in the level of risk resulting from additions, deletions, or revisions to regulations, standards, etc., require timely updates to the risk information. ( ✔ ) 47. The management of potential hazards follows the principles of hierarchical handling and categorized implementation. It mainly includes position correction, team governance, workshop governance, departmental governance, corporate governance, etc. (✔) 48. Risk control measures should take into account feasibility, reliability, advancedness, safety, economic rationality, operational conditions, and reliable technical guarantees. ( ✔ ) 49. Enterprises shall enter information related to risk control and management into the Shandong Province Risk Classification and Control System Information Platform, and ensure its proper operation. (✔) 50. Accident analogy hazard identification is a safety inspection conducted by enterprises and similar companies to draw lessons from accidents that have occurred. (✔) 51. If the likelihood of an accident is low, but the consequences are severe, then the risk is very low. (✖) 52. Hazardous sources will definitely develop into potential accident hazards. (✖) 53. Enterprises shall set up notification cards for positions with work safety risks, indicating the main hazardous factors and risks associated with each position, their consequences, measures for accident prevention and emergency response, as well as reporting hotlines. ( ✔ ) 54. Establishing a dual prevention mechanism for risk control and hazard identification and mitigation represents a shift from a focus on risks to a focus on accidents. (✖) 55. It is sufficient for an enterprise to be aware of the risks it faces; there is no need to share information regarding those risk factors or emergency response measures with neighboring enterprises. (✖) 56. Local regulatory authorities must manage the level 1 and level 2 risk points listed in the “one enterprise, one dossier” documentation submitted by enterprises as major risk points. ( ✔ ) 57. For the assessed level 3 risks, management systems should be established and controls put in place to strive to reduce these risks ； Prevention costs should be carefully determined and defined, and risk reduction measures should be implemented within a specified period. ( ✔ ) Risk level 58.3 (yellow risk): Moderate (significant) danger; no control or corrective actions are required, but the company and departments (higher-level units of the workshops) should pay attention. (✖) 59. Enterprises reduce risks through risk control measures to a level they consider acceptable, without the need for verification. (✖) 60. The development of the “two systems” falls under the responsibility of the company’s safety and environmental department, and it has nothing to do with other employees of the company. (✖) 61. The purpose of risk grading is to achieve effective control over risks. ( ✔ ) 62. Production and business operations entities shall establish a mechanism for managing safety production risks, conduct regular assessments of such risks, determine the risk level of each identified risk based on its degree of danger, take appropriate measures to control those risks, and issue warnings regarding them. ( ✔ ) 63. Classify the identified hazard sources using the risk matrix method or the Job Safety Analysis method, and assign all hazard sources to levels I, II, or III based on their risk level. (✖) 64. Emergency control involves using measures such as emergency drills and training to identify and enhance the emergency response capabilities of relevant personnel, in order to prevent and mitigate adverse safety consequences. ( ✔ ) 65. Risk classification refers to major risks, relatively high risks, general risks, and low risks, which are indicated by the colors “red, orange, yellow, and green” respectively. (✖) 66. The only goal of hazard mitigation is to completely eliminate hazards. (✖) 67. The list of equipment and facilities may not include factory buildings, pipe racks, hand-held power tools, or office buildings. (✖) 68. For risks rated as level 1, immediate corrective actions must be taken; operations cannot continue. ( ✔ ) 69. The members of the organization responsible for hierarchical risk management in enterprises mainly include the heads of various functional departments such as safety, production, equipment, process engineering, electrical systems, and instrumentation, as well as various professional technical personnel. (✖) 70. Enterprises should develop training plans for risk classification and control, providing training at different levels and stages to enable employees to master methods for identifying hazard sources and assessing risks, understand information related to risk control, and keep records of such training. ( ✔ ) 71. The failure to use safety accessories such as safety valves and burst discs properly constitutes a serious hazard. ( ✔ ) 72. According to GB/6441, the types of accidents caused by hazard sources include: object strikes, vehicle-related injuries, drowning, fires, environmental pollution, etc. (✖) 73. Hazard identification should involve key technical personnel, and it must be carried out in a systematic and comprehensive manner. (✖) 74. Risks rated as level five using the risk matrix method (LS) should be managed by the work team. (✖) 75. Issues related to fire protection and emergency facilities are considered potential hazards at the production site. ( ✔ ) 76. The scope of hazard identification should include all stages such as planning, design, construction, commissioning, and operation. ( ✔ ) 77. The classification of risk points should follow the principles of being of appropriate size, easy to categorize, functionally independent, easy to manage, and having clear boundaries. ( ✔ ) 78. Repeated hazard inspection is one of the main types of hazard assessment. ( ✖ ) 79. To address major safety hazards, a hazard assessment report should be prepared first. ( ✔ ) 80. In the process of building a dual-system framework for enterprises, the determination of risk levels should follow the principle of being lenient and adopting lower levels. (✖ ) IV. Short-answer Questions 1. Risk: The combination of the likelihood and severity of an industrial safety accident or health hazard incident. 2. Acceptable risk: Risks that have been reduced by the enterprise to an acceptable level in accordance with its legal obligations and occupational health and safety policies. 3. Major risk: When the likelihood of an accident and its consequences are combined, the resulting risk level is classified as a major risk. 4. Hazard: A source, condition, or behavior that may cause physical injury and/or health damage and/or property loss, or a combination of them. In the analysis of the production process, when examining the factors that cause injury or death to people, affect their health, or even lead to diseases, such hazards can be referred to as dangerous and harmful factors. These factors are categorized into four types: human factors, physical factors, environmental factors, and management factors. 5. Risk points: Facilities, locations, sites, and areas associated with risks, as well as the operational processes carried out in these facilities, locations, sites, and areas that involve such risks, or a combination of the above two. Risk assessment: The process of analyzing, evaluating, and ranking the risks caused by hazard sources, considering the adequacy of existing control measures, and determining whether the risks are acceptable. 6. Risk classification: By using scientific and reasonable methods to conduct qualitative or quantitative assessments of the risks associated with hazard sources, levels are determined based on these assessment results, thereby enabling hierarchical management. It is generally classified into red, orange, yellow, and blue risk levels, among which red represents the highest risk level – an unacceptable and severe risk. 7. Risk classification and control: Different levels of risk control methods are determined based on factors such as the different risk levels, the resources required for control, the control capabilities, and the complexity and difficulty of the control measures. Generally, the greater the risk, the higher the level of control required ； The risks that are under the responsibility of higher-level authorities must also be managed by lower-level authorities, with specific measures to be implemented at each level. 8. Risk control measures: The control methods and approaches adopted by an enterprise to reduce risks to an acceptable level. 9. Risk control measures include: engineering and technical measures, management measures, education and training measures, personal protective measures, and emergency response measures. 10. When selecting risk control measures, the following factors should be considered: feasibility and reliability, advancement and safety, economic rationality and operational performance, as well as reliable technical support and services. 11. The review criteria for risk control measures include: the feasibility and effectiveness of the measures, whether the risks are reduced to an acceptable level, whether new hazard factors are created, whether the best solution has been selected, and whether the measures can be applied in actual operations. 12. General procedures for risk assessment: establishing organizational structures, conducting training for all employees, preparing system documents, identifying and assessing risks, reviewing and approving them, announcing risk information, implementing control measures, and pursuing continuous improvement. 13. Hazard level: A classification based on the difficulty of rectifying, addressing, and eliminating the hazard, as well as the potential consequences of accidents and the scope of their impact. They are generally divided into general accident hazards and major accident hazards. 14. General procedures for hazard identification and mitigation: preparing a list of items to be inspected, identifying the items to be checked, organizing the implementation of the hazard inspection, and addressing the identified hazards.