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["化學の小知識分享-高氯酸盐", ["本帖最后由 yangyanrong 于 2218-

2018-09-16View Original

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本帖最后由 yangyanrong 于 2018-9-16 13:03 编辑 高氯酸的盐类。如高氯酸钠〔NaClO4〕、高氯酸钡〔Ba(ClO4)2〕。多数高氯酸盐可溶于水。锂、钙、钡的高氯酸盐在水中的溶解度很大; 钾、铷、铯及铵的高氯酸盐难溶于冷水, 可溶于热水; 高氯酸银既能溶于水,又能溶于甲苯、吡啶中高氯酸钡、高氯酸镁的脱水能力很强,可用作高效脱水剂。固态的高氯酸盐在高温下是强氧化剂。如加热高氯酸钾至656℃时, 熔化并分解成氯化钾和氧气, 当遇到易燃物或氧化剂就会引起燃烧。高氯酸铵能提供高能燃料所需的氧气。它和可燃性物质作用,产生大量气体, 是一种火箭的推进剂。

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