["化成の小知識分享-シラケ", ["化学式H2SiO3、実際は二珪酸水合物SiO

2018-12-25View Original

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化学式H2SiO3，实际是二氧化硅水合物SiO2·H2O。硅酸是一种几乎不溶于水的二元弱酸，K1～10-9，K2～10-12。硅酸不能用SiO2和水直接反应制得，而是由硅酸盐与酸作用来制取。制得的硅酸，由于溶液的浓度不同，或者形成溶胶，或者成为凝胶状沉淀。硅酸也可缩合，形成多酸。和各种硅酸盐相应的硅酸有，正(原)硅酸H4SiO4(SiO2·2H2O)、偏硅酸H2SiO3(SiO2·H2O)、三硅酸H4Si3O8(3SiO2·2H2O)等。它们的组成可用一般式子表示为xSiO2·yH2O，式中x，y都是正整数，x>1的硅酸即多硅酸，目前，已确定的有正硅酸、偏硅酸、二硅酸H6Si2O7和三硅酸等。因为偏硅酸式子最简单，所以在反应中，一般把硅酸写成H2SiO3。如果把硅酸凝胶中所含的水经过干燥而脱去，则变为白色透明多孔性的固体物质，称为硅胶。它有很大的吸附能力，能吸收多种气体和蒸汽。因此，常用来作吸附剂、干燥剂和某些催化剂的载体。

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["化成の小知識分享-シラケ", ["化学式H2SiO3、実際は二珪酸水合物SiO

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