What are the safety hazards associated with the long-term operation of steam turbines?

This is a rather significant issue; in units that operate over long periods of time, every detail can potentially pose a safety risk. Even a small pressure gauge can cause the unit to stop operating, and poor insulation can also lead to failures. Therefore, paying attention to details is the key to the long-term operation of the flight crew.

Safety technical measures to ensure the long-term stable operation of equipment in the turbine field: In order to achieve long-term stable operation of turbine units, ensure the orderly progress of all tasks related to turbines, and prevent accidents caused by inadequate management or human factors, the following safety technical measures have been formulated based on the current operating conditions of turbine unit equipment. I. Specific Objectives 1. Ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit, with no safety incidents resulting from human error. 2. Equipment inspections are carried out thoroughly, and defects are addressed promptly to ensure the safe and stable operation of all control systems in the unit. 3. Night shift personnel perform their duties properly, address defects in accordance with established standards and resolve them promptly, thereby preventing any unsafe situations from occurring. 4. Strengthen the commitment of personnel on duty during holidays, and ensure that they follow all the regulations established by the company regarding duty hours and shift handovers. II. Develop preventive measures for the current issues existing in the equipment, and ensure that all turbine professionals are familiar with these measures to address defective equipment. 1. Leakage in the mechanical seal of the main pump: 1.1 Strengthen the lubricating oil filtration at the coupler to ensure continuous filtration 24 hours a day ； 1.2 Contact the operating laboratory staff to conduct oil quality analysis; based on the results, consult the relevant personnel to determine whether to stop the pump and replace the mechanical seal ； 1.3 During daily inspections, check the seal drainage pipe; if leakage increases significantly, contact the relevant personnel for assessment and confirmation, and then stop the pump to replace the seal ； 1.4 Prepare spare parts in advance, and strive to replace the machine seal as soon as possible when the opportunity arises. 2. Check the oil level changes regularly and top up the oil as needed. III. Strengthen the inspection of equipment designed to trigger shutdowns in auxiliary systems. 1. Closely monitor changes in the vibration of electric pump bearings as well as their temperature. 1.1 Conduct daily inspections of the equipment, ensuring that the maximum vibration level of the bearings does not exceed 0.03 mm ； 1.2 Check that the bolts on the upper and lower cover of the bearing are not loose, and that the foundation bolts are not loose as well ； 1.3 Check that there are no abnormal noises during the operation of the bearings and pump body by using a listening rod ； 1.4 Monitor the temperature changes of the electric pump bearings daily (trip value: 80°C). 1.5 Strengthen the filtration of lubricating oil for electric pumps, and make every effort to keep the moisture and impurity levels in the lubricating oil within the specified limits. 2. Strengthen the monitoring of bearing vibration and temperature changes in the pre-pump, as well as the leakage condition of mechanical seals. 2.1 Conduct daily inspections of the equipment, ensuring that the maximum bearing vibration does not exceed 0.05 mm ； 2.2 Check that the foot bolts of the pre-pump are not loose ； 2.3 Check that there are no abnormal noises during the operation of the bearings and pump body by using a listening rod ； 2.4 Improve the filtration of lubricating oil for electric pumps, and strive to keep the moisture and impurity levels in the lubricating oil within the specified limits ； 2.5 Monitor daily the temperature changes of the pump bearings (trip value: 80°C), as well as whether the mechanical seal is leaking and the extent of the leakage. 2.6 Prepare a spare parts inventory. 3. Ensure that there is a backup for the electric feed pump. 3.1 Conduct daily inspections of the equipment, checking that the maximum bearing vibration does not exceed 0.03 mm ； 3.2 Check that the bolts of the upper and lower bearing caps are not loose, and that the foundation bolts are not loose ； 3.3 Check that there are no abnormal noises during the operation of the bearings and pump body by using a listening rod ； 3.4 Monitor daily the temperature changes of the steam pump bearings (alarm value: 80°C), as well as whether the mechanical seal is leaking and the extent of such leakage. 4. Strengthen the monitoring of the temperature of the lubricating oil and working oil in electric pumps. 4.1 Conduct weekly inspections to check for any oil leaks in the equipment ； 4.2 Contact the operating laboratory staff to conduct oil quality tests once a month to ensure that the moisture, impurities, and viscosity are within acceptable levels ； 4.3 During summer, the working oil coolers and lubricating oil coolers should be cleaned once per month on a regular basis; in winter, they should be cleaned once every 2 months ； 5. Strengthen the monitoring and inspection of open and closed circulating water pumps. 5.1 Conduct inspections twice a week to check for any leaks in the equipment, ensuring that the vibration level does not exceed 0.04 mm ； 5.2 Check bearing temperature and oil level ； 5.3 Clean the cooler promptly ； 5.4 Inspect and maintain the standby pump to ensure its proper operation. 6. Strengthen the maintenance and inspection of air-cooled island fans. 6.1 Observe the vibration of the air-cooled island fans daily; the vibration level should not exceed 0.04 mm ； 6.2 Check the bearing temperature and oil level ； 6.3 Regularly check and replace lubricating oil. IV. Strengthen the inspection of main equipment. 1. Abnormalities in the bearing systems of #1-#6. 1.1 Observe the oil temperature values and their changes for each bearing on a daily basis ； Measure the lubricating oil return temperature once a week. 1.2 Pay attention to the axis vibration display values and curves, and determine whether there are any serious abnormalities based on the patterns of peak value changes; adjust the steam parameters or load if necessary. 1.3 Observe the vibration changes of each bearing shell ； Measure the bearing vibrations of each shaft system at least twice a week ； 1.4 Monitor whether the lubricating oil exhaust fan of the host is operating properly; if there are significant changes in negative pressure, it is necessary to clean the inlet pipe of the fan ； Check whether the flange bolts of the oil return viewports in each bearing housing are loose, to prevent changes in negative pressure. 2. Monitor the speed control system for any abnormalities in a timely manner. 2.1 Conduct thorough inspections on areas where leaks tend to occur, such as the connection points of the oil pipes in the program valves, the flanges of the cold oil coolers, and the various connection points of the hydraulic actuators. 2.2 Replace the oil pump outlet filter in a timely manner based on pressure differences and usage conditions ； Based on the pressure differences across various filters in the online system, the filters are replaced in a timely manner to ensure that the particle size of the oil meets the required standards. 2.3 Check once a week whether all connections in the hydraulic system pipes are loose and whether the supports and brackets are in good condition. 2.4 Based on key indicators such as the acid value of the fire-resistant fuel, promptly prepare acid-removal filters and carry out continuous regeneration and acid-removal treatment ； Depending on seasonal changes, strengthen the control of moisture in hydraulic oil and operate vacuum oil filters promptly. 3. Closely monitor the status of the host’s lubricating oil system as well as various parameters of the oil. 3.1 If there is a high pressure difference across the lubricating oil outlet filter, replace the outlet filter element promptly; after replacement, conduct a pressure test to confirm that it has been installed properly. 3.2 If the quality of the lubricating oil is unsatisfactory, based on the results of oil quality tests, the online oil purifier can be switched to be used for filtering the lubricating oil in the main engine, thereby reducing increases in parameters such as water content. 3.3 Lubricant leakage – Record daily inspection findings regarding changes in oil level ； Regularly check for leaks in the cold oil cooler to prevent leaks ； During inspection, check the upper part of the fuel tank to prevent oil leakage from the fuel pipeline flanges. 4. Increase the frequency of inspections for the generator’s seal oil system. 4.1 Conduct daily inspections to monitor the oil-hydrogen differential pressure value and the vacuum level in the vacuum tank ； Parameters such as the outlet pressure value of the seal oil pump ； In case of abnormalities, the oil-hydrogen differential pressure control valve can be adjusted accordingly, or the system vent valve can be closed. 4.2 Check whether the coupling between the seal oil vacuum pump and the motor is in good condition ； Cleaning and draining of the seal oil vacuum pump separator and pipelines ； Replace the vacuum pump oil with seal oil. 4.3 Low oil level alarm in the vacuum tank: Check the oil level on a daily basis, and top up the oil as necessary ； Check the negative pressure of the seal oil vacuum pump, and reduce it if necessary. 5. Increase the bearing temperature of the condensate pump.