Forms of distillation (VI)

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Due to the reflux of the liquid phase at the top of the tower and the reflux of the gas phase at the bottom, two gradients are established along the height of the distillation tower: (1) a temperature gradient that decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the tower ； (2) The increasing concentration gradient of light components in the gas and liquid phases from the bottom to the top of the tower. The establishment of temperature and concentration gradients along the height of the distillation column, along with the presence of contact facilities, are necessary conditions for the distillation process to take place. The essence of distillation is the continuous, repeated process of equilibrium vaporization and equilibrium condensation between the gas and liquid phases. The separation efficiency of distillation is far superior to that of equilibrium vaporization and simple distillation.