expansion joint
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Expansion joints can be classified as constrained or unconstrained. How should the term “constrained” be understood?
Constraints refer to the required limitations on the temperature of the medium
I understand that “constraints” are for axial deformation, right?
Unconstrained expansion joint, without fixing bolts, allowing complete freedom of movement and expansion. Constrained expansion joints include hinge-type expansion joints and compound tie-rod type expansion joints. I have only encountered tie-rod type expansion joints; four tie rods (long bolts) placed between the flanges of such joints allow the expansion joint to absorb lateral displacements in any plane. This means that even if there is a large misalignment or high stress between the pipes, it will not get twisted and damaged like unconfined expansion joints